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R. B. Ritchie and Sons and their unsung contribution to Australian economics

  • Authors: Millmow, Alex
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Scots under the Southern Cross p. 89-96
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  • Description: A little piece of Australiana passed away earlier this year. The historic sheep station at Blackwood, the family homestead of the Ritchies for more 170 years near Penshurst, Western Victoria, was sold to Chinese investors. We all know that Australia no longer rides on the sheep's back and the selling of Blackwood is yet another sign of the passing of the pastoral economy. This story involves an element of Australian economic history, a Scottish-Australian family and an enduring public gift they left to an Australian university. This Ritchie family were committed philanthropists and, apart from a school, a public hall and a war memorial, all at Penshurst, one of their gifts is still in evidence todya, namely, the Ritchie Research Chair in economics at the University of Melbourne. How did that come about it? It involved the relationship between a Scottish-born grazier who made his fortune here and his two sons born here.

Scots under the Southern Cross

  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Book
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  • Description: 'Scots Under the Southern Cross' is a collection of essays from speakers at the Scottish Symposium held in Ballarat 9-11 May 2014. The chapters reflect the many styles, themes and formats embracing the Scottish Diaspora in Australia. This publication complements the Art Gallery of Ballarat Exhibition 'For Auld Lang Syne: Images of Scottish Australia from First Fleet to Federation'. The five interrelated sections of 'Scots Under the Southern Cross' are: 'Retrospect', 'The Scots in Aboriginal Australia', 'Biographical Studies of Scottish Australians', 'Scottish Artists on Australia' and 'Commemorating Scotland in Australia'. The essays tell the stories of Scottish immigrants and their successful establishment of economic and cultural networks in Australia. These chapters hopefully will form a basis for expansion into research of the Scottish diaspora and the way the Scots and their descendants have contributed to adapted to Australian conditions.

The demographic Dividend of VFT Travel: Evidence from Australia conference

  • Authors: Backer, Elisa , King, Brian
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Global Tourism & Hospitality Conference and Asia Tourism Forum
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  • Description: Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel is a large and important form of tourism in most developed countries. In Australia, VFR travel accounts for 48% of all tourism. Recent research has provided valuable insights into the length of stay, origins, mode of travel, and expenditures of VFR travellers. However, less attention has been devoted to their demographic attributes. To date, no research has compared the demographic attributes of all VFR travellers with those applicable to Non-VFRs. Based on a sample of 81,579 that covers the period 2010-2012, the present research demonstrates that the demographic profiles of VFRs and Non-VFRs in Australia are markedly different. It was found that a higher proportion of Non-VFRs were working full-time, living in capital cities and earning higher levels of household income. In contrast, a higher proportion of VFRs were working part-time, studying, or undertaking home duties. They were also significantly more likely to be pensioners or unemployed, part of a smaller household and earning a lower household income. They were more likely to be older and living alone. It is notable that socioeconomically disadvantaged groups have been acknowledged in the literature as being less engaged in tourism. However the present research provides evidence of their active participation in VFR travel. It is concluded that the provision of VFR travel opportunities may offer those who are not in a position to engage in other forms of tourism with prospective tourism related experiences.

The importance of mandatory data breach notification to identity crime

  • Authors: Holm, Eric , Mackenzie, Geraldine
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
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  • Description: The relationship between data breaches and identity crime has been scarcely explored in current literature. However, there is an important relationship between the misuse of personal identification information and identity crime as the former is in many respects the catalyst for the latter. Data breaches are one of the ways in which this personal identification information is obtained by identity criminals, and thereby any response to data breaches is likely to impact the incidence of identity crime. Initiatives around data breach notification have become increasingly prevalent and are now seen in many State legislatures in the United States and overseas. The Australian Government is currently in the process of introducing mandatory data breach notification laws. This paper explores the introduction of mandatory data breach notification in Australia, and lessons learned from the experience in the US, particularly noting the link between data breaches and identity crime. The paper proposes that through the introduction of such laws, identity crimes are likely to be reduced.

The problem of belonging : Contested country in Australian local history

  • Authors: Bongiorno, Frank , Eklund, Erik
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: New Scholar: An International Journal of the Humanities, Creative Arts and Social Sciences Vol. 3, no. 1 (2014), p. 39-54
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  • Description: There is a moment in travel writer Bill Bryson’s account of his travels in Australia, Down Under, when he comments on the large number of local histories he encounters in second‐hand bookshops. They ‘never fail to amaze,’ he reports, ‘if only because they show you what a remarkably self­‐absorbed people the Australians are. I don’t mean that as a criticism. If the rest of the world is going to pay them no attention, then they must do it themselves surely.’ He continues: ‘There were hundreds of books ... about things that could never possibly have been of interest to more than a handful of people. It’s quite encouraging that these books exist, but somehow faintly worrying as well.’ Bryson doesn’t explain any further why it worries him, but he then goes on to review with genuine admiration a book he found among these volumes (126‐127).

VFR travel in practice : Case studies from Victoria, Australia

Walnut rootstock selection for calcareous soils in Southeastern Australia and the potential for expanding the walnut industry in the region

  • Authors: Sluiter, Ian , McKenzie, Lachie , Mitchell, Jeff
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Acta Horticulturae Vol. 1050, no. (2014), p. 105-112
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  • Description: Persian walnuts are grown over relatively small area within irrigated settlements of the Murray Lowlands Province of Southeastern Australia compared with traditional crops such as grapes and citrus or emerging crops such as almonds. Poor walnut tree health usually associated with wrong rootstock selection, or growth in areas with inadequate topsoil depth, have inculcated a strong traditional resistance amongst growers and horticultural developers to walnuts as a viable alternative crop for the region. Recent trials comparing Juglans hindsii, a traditional rootstock for the area, with a new selection of Paradox rootstock, have shown the Paradox 'entity' significantly outperforms J. hindsii in terms of scion growth in the first year. The Paradox hybrid has also been shown to grow vigorously in soils with shallow topsoil depth above calcareous B horizon subsoils. This suitability of the Paradox hybrid to calcareous soils provides the potential to expand the walnut industry into parts of the Murray Lowland Province characterized by Calcarosol soils with as little as 30 cm topsoil.

Work–family balance : Perspectives from higher education

  • Authors: Pillay, Soma , Abhayawansa, Subhash
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Higher Education Vol. 68, no. 5 (2014), p. 669-690
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  • Description: The article examines different types of work–family pressures amongst people working within the Australian university sector. We were specifically interested in work–family experiences between domestic and migrant Australians. Among the major findings, domestic Australians experience greater levels of work–family imbalance across most of the measures used. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

A 3D approach to first year English education

  • Authors: Zeegers, Margaret
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Quality Assurance in Education Vol. 21, no. 1 (2013), p. 54-69
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  • Description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the suggestive possibilities of an approach to undergraduate English teacher education that the author has called the 3D Approach - Develop professional knowledge, Display professional knowledge, Disseminate professional knowledge - in relation to a number of groups of first year pre-service teachers (PSTs) engaging the teaching and learning materials of their English education course. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examines ways in which this approach has been assessed by the PSTs themselves, constructing this as an expression of their lived experience as PSTs. The author draws on Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, initiates a systematic and orchestrated program of explicit scaffolding of first year PST learning and draws on University-generated student assessment of their courses, focus groups and individual interviews to investigate ways in which the 3D approach may be considered as enhancing first year PST learning. Findings: PSTs' own informed evaluations of their own developing knowledge have made visible the teaching and learning that they have engaged and articulated. What the author outlines in this paper is not a "Eureka" moment for first year PSTs, but it is the result of careful scholarly considerations of what careful scholarly considerations by first years in Education courses may engage. For this cohort of PSTs, and for the author, it is a particular form of engagement with pedagogy. It is a pedagogy for teachers, part of active engagement on the part of the teacher and the learner, producing knowledge together. Research limitations/implications: Lack of generalisability from case study research may be considered as a limitation, but the author would argue that it is the details thrown up for careful examination in a case study which may serve to inform professional discussion and debate. Practical implications: Negative press of inadequate teachers emerging from universities, with their specious claims will not progress reasoned discussion; research on how the PSTs are themselves taught and how they develop as professionals will. PSTs' own informed evaluations of their own developing knowledge will go some way towards enabling this to happen. This sort of research opens up possibilities for starting with the right sort of questions, a shift from asking the wrong sort of questions, which the author would argue is that sort on which the media are basing their opinion pieces. Social implications: Continuing public discussions, usually conducted in and by the media, about teacher quality, particularly as this tends to be tied to notions of teacher pay, indicates a wider social concern about the need for quality teachers. This sort of social concern is also a major concern for teacher educators, and is to be addressed as such. This paper addresses some of those concerns. Originality/value: The paper engages issues about teacher education raised publicly in the media and ties these to the more private domain of university practice in a given teacher education course. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

A Chaotic field of practice: Financial reporting of the Library collections of Australia's public Universities, 2007-2011

  • Authors: Carnegie, Garry , Sidaway, Shannon , West, Brian
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Academic and Research Libraries Vol. 44, no. 4 (2013), p. 195-216
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  • Description: The accounting practices adopted by Australia's 36 public universities in accounting for their library collections - including heritage and special collections - are identified and analysed. The data is collected from a survey of these institutions' annual reports over the period 2007 to 2011 and the analysis is guided by theoretical perspectives drawn from new institutional sociology (NIS). Consistent with prior research by West and Carnegie (2010), accounting for university library collections is depicted as a chaotic field of practice. Inconsistent and idiosyncratic policies that compromise the overall reliability, comparability and usefulness of university financial reports are observed, along with instances of dramatic valuation adjustments. However, the beginnings of some amelioration of the chaos are also detected, as regulatory activity and a voluntary homogenisation of accounting policies begin to take effect. In particular, a general trend towards more conservative accounting practices is evident as universities perhaps seek to guard against accounting debacles - most notably massive valuation write-downs - of the kind that have been suffered by several institutions over the last decade. Assigning financial values to the library collections and other non-financial resources of not-for-profit public institutions remains a problematic issue. © 2013 Australian Library & Information Association.
  • Description: The accounting practices adopted by Australia's 36 public universities in accounting for their library collections - including heritage and special collections - are identified and analysed. The data is collected from a survey of these institutions' annual reports over the period 2007 to 2011 and the analysis is guided by theoretical perspectives drawn from new institutional sociology (NIS). Consistent with prior research by West and Carnegie (2010), accounting for university library collections is depicted as a chaotic field of practice. Inconsistent and idiosyncratic policies that compromise the overall reliability, comparability and usefulness of university financial reports are observed, along with instances of dramatic valuation adjustments. However, the beginnings of some amelioration of the chaos are also detected, as regulatory activity and a voluntary homogenisation of accounting policies begin to take effect. In particular, a general trend towards more conservative accounting practices is evident as universities perhaps seek to guard against accounting debacles - most notably massive valuation write-downs - of the kind that have been suffered by several institutions over the last decade. Assigning financial values to the library collections and other non-financial resources of not-for-profit public institutions remains a problematic issue. © 2013 © 2013 Australian Library & Information Association.

A legacy of climate and catchment change: the real challenge for wetland management

  • Authors: Gell, Peter , Mills, Keely , Grundell, Rosie
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Hydrobiologia Vol. 708, no. 1 (May 2013), p. 133-144
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  • Description: Wetland managers are faced with an array of challenges when restoring ecosystems at risk from changing climate and human impacts, especially as many of these processes have been operating over decadal-millennial timescales. Variations in the level and salinity of the large crater lakes of western Victoria, as revealed over millennia by the physical, chemical and biological evidence archived in sediments, attest to extended periods of positive rainfall balance and others of rainfall deficit. The recent declines in the depth of these lakes have been attributed to a 15% decline in effective rainfall since AD 1859. Whilst some sites reveal state shifts following past droughts, the response of most wetlands to millennial-scale climatic variations is muted. Regional wetland condition has changed comprehensively, however, since European settlement, on account of extensive catchment modifications. These modifications appear to have reduced the resilience of wetlands limiting their capacity to recover from the recent 'big dry'. These sedimentary archives reveal most modern wetlands to be outside their historical range of variability. This approach provides a longer-term context when assessing wetland condition and better establishes the restoration challenge posed by the impact of climate change and variability and human impacts.
  • Description: C1

An Australian railway bridge management framework

  • Authors: Nielsen, Dwayne , Chattopadhyay, Gopinath , Raman, Dhamodharan
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management Vol. 1, no. 3 (2013), p. 301-315
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  • Description: A large number of Australian railway bridges were constructed over 80 years ago and have become increasingly costly to maintain. Infrastructure managers are under pressure to maintain bridge structures to a specified performance level with less maintenance funding and fewer resources. Currently, some rail operators maintain bridges through generic asset management systems which are simplistic and only address immediate operational issues. This is despite the fact that a life cycle cost analysis is proven to strategically maintain bridge assets and reduce costs over their operational life. A new bridge management system (BMS) framework which consists of a life cycle cost analysis and strategy model is proposed in this paper. The model can provide solutions at the element, bridge and network levels. A brief background is provided on Australian railway bridge operational history. Finally, a new maintenance cycle is proposed and its components are discussed.

At last count : Engineering undergraduates in 21st Century Australia

  • Authors: Dobson, Ian
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol. 10, no. 4 (2013), p. 253-257
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  • Description: The number of enrolments in undergraduate programmes in engineering has grown at more than the national average this century. The main areas of enrolment growth in Australian higher education have been of women and overseas students, and the latter group has been particularly relevant in the case in engineering. The analysis undertaken for this article is based on statistical data from the ministry responsible for Australia's tertiary education. However, women remain underrepresented in engineering programmes, and there is a risk that the high proportion of overseas students means that Australia is exporting engineering talent at a cost to the development of its own knowledge-intensive labour force. © 2012 WIETE.
  • Description: 2003010825

Building research capacity in gerontology : Experiences and lessons form Australia

  • Authors: Bartlett, Helen , Carroll, Matthew
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: The Asian gerontologial experience : Capacity building in social gerontology training and translational research in Asia Chapter 4 p. 76-90
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  • Description: Over the past decade, increased policy attention on the consequences of demographic ageing in Australia has led to a more focused research agenda on ageing, greater funding opportunities and raised awareness and recognition of gerontology as an important field of study. Research capacity building efforts in ageing have been considerable and have improved collaboration between the policy, research and service sectors, raising expectations of research funding streams and translation of research into policy and practice. The discourse on ageing has also shifted gradually from a deficit model to focus more on healthy, active or productive ageing, indicating a broader multidisciplinary approach and more positive perceptions of ageing. This shift in focus has enabled social gerontology to flourish in Australia, with a number of ageing research centres having social gerontology streams. While much has been achieved over this period, there are ongoing challenges in sustaining the progress made to date and in building research capacity that has longer-term strategic prospects. This paper outlines Australia’s efforts to build research capacity in gerontology over the past decade, examining key successes and future challenges, with consideration of how this experience may be relevant to Asia.

Climate variability over the last 35,000 years recorded in marine and terrestrial archives in the Australian region: An OZ-INTIMATE compilation

  • Authors: Reeves, Jessica , Barrows, Timothy , Cohen, Tim , Kiem, Anthony , Bostock, Helen , Fitzsimmons, Kathryn , Jansen, John , Kemp, Justine , Krause, Claire , Petherick, Lynda , Phipps, Steven
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Quaternary Science Reviews Vol. 74, no. (2013), p. 21-34
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  • Description: The Australian region spans some 60° of latitude and 50° of longitude and displays considerable regional climate variability both today and during the Late Quaternary. A synthesis of marine and terrestrial climate records, combining findings from the Southern Ocean, temperate, tropical and arid zones, identifies a complex response of climate proxies to a background of changing boundary conditions over the last 35,000 years. Climate drivers include the seasonal timing of insolation, greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, sea level rise and ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. Our compilation finds few climatic events that could be used to construct a climate event stratigraphy for the entire region, limiting the usefulness of this approach. Instead we have taken a spatial approach, looking to discern the patterns of change across the continent.The data identify the clearest and most synchronous climatic response at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (21±3ka), with unambiguous cooling recorded in the ocean, and evidence of glaciation in the highlands of tropical New Guinea, southeast Australia and Tasmania. Many terrestrial records suggest drier conditions, but with the timing of inferred snowmelt, and changes to the rainfall/runoff relationships, driving higher river discharge at the LGM. In contrast, the deglaciation is a time of considerable south-east to north-west variation across the region. Warming was underway in all regions by 17ka. Post-glacial sea level rise and its associated regional impacts have played an important role in determining the magnitude and timing of climate response in the north-west of the continent in contrast to the southern latitudes. No evidence for cooling during the Younger Dryas chronozone is evident in the region, but the Antarctic cold reversal clearly occurs south of Australia. The Holocene period is a time of considerable climate variability associated with an intense monsoon in the tropics early in the Holocene, giving way to a weakened monsoon and an increasingly El Niño-dominated ENSO to the present. The influence of ENSO is evident throughout the southeast of Australia, but not the southwest. This climate history provides a template from which to assess the regionality of climate events across Australia and make comparisons beyond our region. © 2013.
  • Description: 4 Earth Sciences
  • Description: 21 History And Archaeology

Climatic records over the past 30ka from temperate Australia - a synthesis from the Oz-INTIMATE workgroup

  • Authors: Petherick, Lynda , Bostock, Helen , Cohen, Tim , Fitzsimmons, Kathryn , Tibby, John , Fletcher, M. S. , Moss, Patrick , Reeves, Jessica , Mooney, Scott , Barrows, Timothy , Kemp, Justine , Jansen, John , Nanson, Gerald , Dosseto, Anthony
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Quaternary Science Reviews Vol. 74, no. (2013), p. 58-77
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  • Description: Temperate Australia sits between the heat engine of the tropics and the cold Southern Ocean, encompassing a range of rainfall regimes and falling under the influence of different climatic drivers. Despite this heterogeneity, broad-scale trends in climatic and environmental change are evident over the past 30ka. During the early glacial period (~30-22ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (~22-18ka), climate was relatively cool across the entire temperate zone and there was an expansion of grasslands and increased fluvial activity in regionally important Murray-Darling Basin. The temperate region at this time appears to be dominated by expanded sea ice in the Southern Ocean forcing a northerly shift in the position of the oceanic fronts and a concomitant influx of cold water along the southeast (including Tasmania) and southwest Australian coasts. The deglacial period (~18-12ka) was characterised by glacial recession and eventual disappearance resulting from an increase in temperature deduced from terrestrial records, while there is some evidence for climatic reversals (e.g. the Antarctic Cold Reversal) in high resolution marine sediment cores through this period. The high spatial density of Holocene terrestrial records reveals an overall expansion of sclerophyll woodland and rainforest taxa across the temperate region after ~12ka, presumably in response to increasing temperature, while hydrological records reveal spatially heterogeneous hydro-climatic trends. Patterns after ~6ka suggest higher frequency climatic variability that possibly reflects the onset of large scale climate variability caused by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
  • Description: 2003011211

Effects of Tetranychus lintearius (Acari : Tetranychidae) on the structure and water potential in the foliage of the invasive Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) in Australia

  • Authors: Marriott, Jeremy , Florentine, Singarayer , Raman, Anantanarayanan
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Acarology Vol. 39, no. 4 (2013), p. 275-284
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  • Description: Ulex europaeus, a native of Western Europe and the Mediterranean coast, is a serious agricultural and environmental weed in many parts of the earth, including Australia. Tetranychus lintearius attacks U. europaeus in its natural range and is one of the four biological control agents introduced into Australia to regulate populations of U. europaeus. Tetranychus lintearius is specific to different species of Ulex, which enhances its status as a key biological control agent. Little is known on the physiological effects and structural changes induced by T. lintearius on U. europaeus. This article describes anatomical changes and evaluates the physiological effects in U. europaeus consequent to feeding by T. lintearius for more than 100 d. This study demonstrates that feeding by T. lintearius reduces the quantity of photosynthetic tissue in U. europaeus, as a result of feeding on mesophyll parenchyma by inserting its stylets through the stomatal aperture. Unfed parenchyma cells display signs of stress, either exhibiting deformed cell organelles aligned along the walls of vacant cells or with cells with no well-defined cell organelles. Subsequent to T. lintearius feeding, leaves externally manifest bleaching. After feeding by a population of T. lintearius, leaf water potential is decreased by 30% and tender shoots lose their turgor, indicating water-related stress. Tetranychus lintearius has the potential to decelerate vigour and retard the competitiveness of U. europaeus by inflicting stress. Our findings reinforce the use of T. lintearius in the biological management of populations of U. europaeus in temperate Australia.

Exploring ways in which social networkers contribute to online groups : A case study of one facebook group's discussion of australian broadcaster channel 9 during the 2010 winter olympic games

  • Authors: Scott, Olan , Bradshaw, Ryan , Larkin, Paul
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: First Monday Vol. 18, no. 4 (2013), p.
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  • Description: The advent of the Internet has allowed consumers more opportunities to communicate than ever before. The emergence of the Internet has decreased the gate-keeping role of the media in that Internet users can interact with media outlets and other users in real time. This study breaks ground in the analysis of media messages as one Facebook group is studied to uncover how Internet users virtually protested media outlets on social networking Web sites. © First Monday. 2013, Olan Kees Martin Scott, Ryan Bradshaw, and Paul Larkin.
  • Description: 2003011106

From inns to hotels : The evolution of public houses in Colonial Victoria

  • Authors: O'Mahony, Barry , Clark, Ian
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Vol. 25, no. 2 (2013), p. 172-186
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  • Description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine travellers' experiences with public houses in Colonial Victoria, to determine how the hospitality industry in the colony was transformed from primitive hospitality provision to sophisticated, well managed hotels in a relatively short time. Design/methodology/approach: The article reviews public records, newspapers of the period, eye-witness accounts and key texts to chart the development of the hospitality industry in Colonial Victoria and to demonstrate how primitive inns became modern hotels within the space of three decades. Findings: This paper highlights how the discovery of gold in 1851 prompted an unprecedented influx of travellers whose expectations of hospitality provision led to the transformation of existing hostelries from crude and primitive inns to modern, sophisticated hotels. Research limitations/implications: The research is confined to Colonial Victoria and therefore, not necessarily a reflection of the colonies in general or general trends in hospitality provision at that time. Practical implications: Tracing the roots of hospitality provision and the traditions of hospitality management can provide a greater understanding of modern hospitality practice. As O'Gorman argues "[...] with historical literature contributing to informing industry practices today and tomorrow: awareness of the past always helps to guide the future". Originality/value: This paper adds to the body of knowledge in relation to the roots and evolution of commercial hospitality. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Description: 2003010821

Increasing incidence of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion in Victoria, Australia

  • Authors: Finch, Caroline , Clapperton, Angela , McCrory, Paul
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 198, no. 8 (2013), p. 427-430
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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  • Description: Objective: To describe trends in hospitalisation for sport-related concussion. Design, setting and patients: Analysis of routinely collected hospital admissions data from all Victorian hospitals (public and private) over the 2002-03 to 2010-11 financial years for patients aged ≥15 years with a diagnosis of concussion and an ICD-10-AM external cause activity code indicating sport. Main outcome measures: Number and cost of hospitalisations; rate of hospitalisation per 100000 participants overall and for specific sports; and percentage change in frequency and hospitalisation rate per 100000 participants over 9 years. Results: There were 4745 hospitalisations of people aged ≥15 years for sport-related concussion, with a total hospital treatment cost of $17944799. The frequency of hospitalisation increased by 60.5% (95% CI, 41.7%-77.3%) over the 9 years, but could only partially be explained by increases in sports participation, as the rate per 100000 participants also increased significantly, by 38.9% (95% CI, 17.5%-61.7%). After adjustment for participation, rates were highest for motor sports, equestrian activities, Australian football, rugby and roller sports. The greatest significant increases in rates were seen in roller sports, rugby, soccer and cycling. Conclusions: The frequency and participation-adjusted rate of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion, both overall and across several sports, increased significantly over the 9 years. These findings, along with high levels of public concern, make prevention of head injury in sport a population health priority in Australia.
  • Description: 2003011025