Erigeron bonariensis, erigeron canadensis, and erigeron sumatrensis
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Humphries, Talia , Chauhan, Bhagirath
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Biology and Management of Problematic Crop Weed Species, 1st Edition Chapter 7 p. 131-149
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- Description: The global human population is expected to reach 8-10 billion by 2050. According to the United Nations, this expansion in population is expected to increase food demands by double the current demand by 2050. Consequently, existing food production systems will come under significant strain. Exacerbating this food production problem is that agronomic weed species across the globe are already causing significant impacts on essential grain yields. Over the past decades, to address weed infestations, farmers have been using range of herbicides. However, overuse of these chemicals has resulted in many weed species mutating to a more resistant form. To implement a successful integrated weed management approach in the future, it will be essential to document the changes in ecology and biology of significant weed species. This chapter focuses on the three most globally significant weeds: Erigeron bonariensis, Erigeron canadensis, and Erigeron sumatrensis, summarizing their current global distribution, seed ecology, impacts, control strategies, as well as current herbicide resistance. These three species are causing significant impacts on important agricultural products including corn, soybean, cotton, wheat, chickpea, sorghum, orchards, and vineyards. Addressing the problem of high levels of herbicide resistance within the Erigeron species has been attempted through various solutions, including novel herbicide mixtures and application timing. Targeting these species in their earlier growth stage with herbicide combinations can greatly improve the success of integrated treatments, broadening the options for suitable approaches such as the use of zero or no-till systems. Given that, these species have innate traits including (1) high seed production, (2) low levels of seed dormancy, (3) high emergence rates, (4) efficient seed dispersal mechanisms, and (5) a highly competitive nature. These advantages, coupled with their ability to withstand a range of climatic conditions and their increasing herbicide-resistant biotypes, make them a serious agricultural weed species across the globe. In this chapter, we have synthesized the characteristic biological features and the effectiveness of various control options. Very limited information is available on the ecology and biology of E. sumatrensis. We have, nevertheless, harvested a significant amount of useful information which may assist farmers to effectively develop integrated agricultural management practices to reduce the impacts of these three species in their productive lands. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Exercise, epigenetics, and aging
- Authors: Chilton, Warrick , Maier, Maier , Akinnibosun, Olutope , O’Brien, Brendan , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Epigenetics of Exercise and Sports: Concepts, Methods, and Current Research Chapter 27 p. 127-182
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- Description: This chapter introduces the epigenetic processes that govern how exercise affects the aging processes. We begin with an introduction to the molecular changes that occur with aging including methylation and histone and noncoding RNA modifications. We then present the evidence for changes in these processes by exercise and physical activity, Lastly, we present evidence for and against a role for exercise on changes in telomere length and aging. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Foodborne Trematode Infections
- Authors: Sapp, Sarah , Guagliardo, Sarah , Bradbury, Richard
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Maxcy-Rosenau-last public health & preventive medicine Chapter 129 p. 1398-1406
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Forsaking Keynes
- Authors: Millmow, Alex
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The gypsy economist: the life and times of Colin Clark Chapter 6 p. 85-112
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- Description: This chapter looks over the first period of Colin Clark’s career in Australia. It was his mentor Hugh Dalton who played a key role in persuading Clark to work there. After a brief and controversial assignment in New Zealand studying her national income statistics, Clark agreed to take an executive position with the Queensland Government. It meant a breach with Keynes and Cambridge. Clark defended his decision, telling Keynes that it was an ideal opportunity to put economic science into action. What also turned his mind was Queensland’s rural and small enterprise economy, its egalitarian distribution of income, generous social services, compulsory trade unionism, absence of strikes and centralised wage fixation. Moreover, Queensland’s political leaders favoured decentralisation which resonated with Clark’s growing interest in Distributivism; a philosophy that advocated a fairer distribution of property, ruralism and rejection of ills of urban life. Clark’s public utterances and occasional disagreements with his fellow economists hinted at a future estrangement with them. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Gender equality in higher education : the slow pace of change
- Authors: O’Connor, Pat , White, Kate
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Gender, Power and Higher Education in a Globalised World p. 1-23
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- Description: This chapter introduces the topic of gender equality and inequality in higher education, using feminist institutionalism as the underlying theoretical perspective. Drawing on a range of methodologies and focusing on key topical themes it identifies the discourses which have inhibited change, as well as what can be done to facilitate transformation. Thus, it focuses on institutional resistance; and the legitimating discourses of excellence, choice, displacement, biological essentialism and gender neutrality. In highlighting the importance of gender-competent leadership and empowering equality structures as ways of creating change, it explores the situation in 14 countries—Australia, Austria, Germany, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, the Czech Republic, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States and Turkey. The chapter examines the relationship between their ranking on global gender gap indices and key indicators of gender equality in universities, and suggests that without organisational transformation the effect of any intervention will be continuously undermined by the ‘normalised’ gender inequality perpetuating processes in higher education. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Great southern land
- Authors: Millmow, Alex
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The gypsy economist: the life and times of Colin Clark Chapter 5 p. 73-83
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- Description: This chapter looks at Colin Clark’s 1937 sabbatical in Australia where he took up visiting appointments at the Universities of Melbourne, Sydney and Western Australia. Clark was quickly entranced by Australia, especially Queensland. By giving guest lectures and making newsworthy comments he attracted interests in his talent including the Premier William Forgan Smith of Queensland. In 1938 he co-authored The National Income of Australia (1938) with John Crawford which contained a ‘provisional’ estimate for the Australian income multiplier. With an anticipated collapse in private investment spending Clark advocated further public sector stimulus; advice which conflicted with that of one of Australia’s leading economists, Douglas Copland. Clark also argued that since Australia’s population growth rate had slowed, it would be necessary for this to increase if the country was to maintain the maximum return from the capital invested. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Grey gardens and the problem of objectivity : notes on the ethics of observational documentary
- Authors: Abbott, Mathew
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Emotions, Ethics, and Cinematic Experience: New Phenomenological and Cognitivist Perspectives p. 108-122
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Hookworm Infection : Necatoriasis and Ancylostomiasis
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Maxcy-Rosenau-last public health & preventive medicine Chapter 125 p. 1363-1369
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How bioregional history could shape the future of agriculture
- Authors: Brown, Julian , Barton, Philip , Cunningham, Saul
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Ecological Research p. 149-189
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- Description: Biodiversity conservation and agriculture are becoming intimately intertwined. Wildlife-friendly agriculture is promoted as a way to conserve biodiversity, connect nature reserves, facilitate climate-driven range shifts and enhance ecosystem services to agriculture. Yet some approaches that increase native biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, such as tropical agroforestry, may support a suite of species that is distinct from nearby remnant habitat. Wildlife-friendly farming, therefore, does not necessarily facilitate native species persistence through landscape conversion to agriculture or facilitate the movement of local species among nature reserves. We argue the historical composition of native species in agricultural landscapes can be maintained by enhancing ecological similarity between production land uses and natural ecosystems. Some agricultural systems already support native species from, and share some ecological attributes with, natural grasslands, wetlands and forests. However, we suggest there are benefits to be gained by focusing on the finer details of similarities in structure, floristic composition (e.g. crop species) and disturbance regimes occurring across natural and modified habitat types. A key advancement of this approach is that the composition of agricultural diversity and its spatio-temporal dynamics are selected and managed according to the spatial and temporal habitat requirements of the wildlife species naturally inhabiting the local area. We argue that ensuring ecological similarity between agricultural systems and the ecosystems they replaced or lie between will strengthen the capacity of agricultural landscapes to maintain historical species pools and provide spatial and temporal connectivity between nature reserves and analogous future climatic zones. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
HTLV-I and strongyloides in Australia : the worm lurking beneath
- Authors: Gordon, Catherine , Shield, Jennifer , Bradbury, Richard , Muhi, Stephen , Page, Wendy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Parasitology p. 119-201
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- Description: Strongyloidiasis and HTLV-I (human T-lymphotropic virus-1) are important infections that are endemic in many countries around the world with an estimated 370 million infected with Strongyloides stercoralis alone, and 5–10 million with HTVL-I. Co-infections with these pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and can be fatal. HTLV-I infects T-cells thus causing dysregulation of the immune system which has been linked to dissemination and hyperinfection of S. stercoralis leading to bacterial sepsis which can result in death. Both of these pathogens are endemic in Australia primarily in remote communities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia. Other cases in Australia have occurred in immigrants and refugees, returned travellers, and Australian Defence Force personnel. HTLV-I infection is lifelong with no known cure. Strongyloidiasis is a long-term chronic disease that can remain latent for decades, as shown by infections diagnosed in prisoners of war from World War II and the Vietnam War testing positive decades after they returned from these conflicts. This review aims to shed light on concomitant infections of HTLV-I with S. stercoralis primarily in Australia but in the global context as well. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. *Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Richard Bradbury" is provided in this record**
Intestinal Nematode Infections
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Sapp, Sarah , Kamb, Mary , Hotez, Peter
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Maxcy-Rosenau-last public health & preventive medicine Chapter 126 p. 1370-1379
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Introduction
- Authors: Millmow, Alex
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The gypsy economist: the life and times of Colin Clark Chapter 1 p. 1-14
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- Description: This chapter gives an overview of Colin Clark’s life and career. His life was informed by three themes, his love of Australia and, before that, Britain; his Roman Catholicism; and his ideological odyssey from distributivism to radical conservatism. Despite taking the economics world by storm with a mercurial ability for statistical analysis, Clark’s work has been largely overlooked in the 30 years since his death. His career was punctuated by a number of firsts. He was the first economist to derive the concept of GNP, the first to broach development economics and to foresee the re-emergence of India and China within the global economy. In 1945 he predicted the rise and persistence of inflation when taxation levels exceeded 25% of GNP. And he was also the first economist to debunk post-war predictions of mass hunger by arguing that rapid population growth engendered economic development. A figure akin to an intellectual fountain, Clark wandered through applied economics in much the same way as he rambled through the English countryside and the Australian bush. His imaginative wanderings over the main fields of economics qualify him as the gypsy economist for the twentieth century. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Introduction: Older women and later life transitions in industrialized societies
- Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions p. 1-7
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- Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.
Macroeconomics and the pursuit of ruralism
- Authors: Millmow, Alex
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The gypsy economist: the life and times of Colin Clark Chapter 10 p. 169-185
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- Description: This chapter looks at Colin Clark’s growing disconnect with conventional economics, including proposals for a rural nirvana and opposition to tariff protection and wage rigidity. Clark disagreed with post-war planners’ dreams of an industrial Australia and considered that prospects of becoming a net exporter of manufactures unrealistic given prevailing conditions. Clark wanted Australia to reduce its tariffs to kill off inefficient industries and free resources for more productive ends. In 1942 Clark became the unofficial economic advisor to B. A. Santamaria and his National Catholic Rural Movement (NCRM). Consistent with the NCRM’s philosophy, he proposed an extraordinary migrant co-operative land settlement plan for Queensland. It envisaged the formation of settler co-operatives to allow the creation of farming communities supporting some 250,000 European settlers on the agricultural and pastoral areas of the state. Given his belief that Australia’s inflation problem was due to excessive taxation he favoured lower public spending, especially on welfare. Higher taxes simply led to demands for higher wages which employers would willingly grant. This meant that wages rose faster than real production, causing prices to rise and perpetuating inflation. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Men's shed research evidence since 2014
- Authors: Foley, Annette , Golding, Barry
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 11 p. 355-394
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Men's sheds (Mænds Modesteder) in Denmark
- Authors: Hedegaard, Joel , Golding, Barry , Nielson, Mie
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 8 p. 293-308
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Men's sheds elsewhere
- Authors: Golding, Barry
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 9 p. 309-318
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Men's sheds in Australia
- Authors: Golding, Barry
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 2 p. 17-118
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Men's sheds in Canada
- Authors: Golding, Barry , Mackenzie, Corey
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 7 p. 271-292
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Men's Sheds in Ireland
- Authors: Golding, Barry
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Shoulder to shoulder : broadening the men's shed movement Chapter 4 p. 187-218
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed: