The factor structure of cybersickness
- Authors: Bruck, Susan , Watters, Paul
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Displays Vol. 32, no. 4 (2011), p. 153-158
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- Description: Cybersickness embraces a range of clinical symptoms reported in response to simulated motion in a computer generated, virtual reality environment. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) has been the standard tool for measuring observed responses; however, many of the observed SSQ variables are highly correlated, so it is not clear which ones are appropriate to use as a basis for building an explanatory model. In this study, responses to the SSQ were analyzed using principal components analysis, and four significant factors - general cybersickness, vision, arousal and fatigue - were identified. An initial interpretation of these factors is provided in the context of a broader cybersickness model, with a view to constructing a new questionnaire with fewer, more focused questions. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Estimating cybersickness of simulated motion using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) : A controlled study
- Authors: Bruck, Susan , Watters, Paul
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 2009 6th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization: New Advances and Trends, CGIV2009, Tianjin : 11th - 14th August 2009 p. 486-488
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- Description: The aim of this experiment was to determine which cybersickness symptoms are associated with simulated motion, by comparing responses to the Simulated Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) between a control and experimental condition. Using non-parametric statistical tests, we found that general discomfort, fatigue, headache, eyestrain, difficulty in focusing eyes, increased sweating, nausea, difficulty in concentrating, stomach awareness and blurred vision were significantly higher in a high simulated motion task compared with a low simulated task. The implications for preventing cybersickness in virtual environments are discussed. © 2009 IEEE.