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Classifying transformer winding deformation fault types and degrees using FRA based on support vector machine

  • Authors: Liu, Jiangnan , Zhao, Zhongyong , Tang, Chao , Yao, Chenguo , Li, Chengxiang , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 112494-112504
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  • Description: As an important part of power system, power transformer plays an irreplaceable role in the process of power transmission. Diagnosis of transformer's failure is of significance to maintain its safe and stable operation. Frequency response analysis (FRA) has been widely accepted as an effective tool for winding deformation fault diagnosis, which is one of the common failures for power transformers. However, there is no standard and reliable code for FRA interpretation as so far. In this paper, support vector machine (SVM) is combined with FRA to diagnose transformer faults. Furthermore, advanced optimization algorithms are also applied to improve the performance of models. A series of winding fault emulating experiments were carried out on an actual model transformer, the key features are extracted from measured FRA data, and the diagnostic model is trained and obtained, to arrive at an outcome for classifying the fault types and degrees of winding deformation faults with satisfactory accuracy. The diagnostic results indicate that this method has potential to be an intelligent, standardized, accurate and powerful tool.

Diagnosing transformer winding deformation faults based on the analysis of binary image obtained from FRA signature

  • Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Yao, Chenguo , Tang, Chao , Li, Chengxiang , Yan, Fayou , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 40463-40474
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  • Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) has been widely accepted as a diagnostic tool for power transformer winding deformation faults. Typically, both amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency signatures are obtained by an FRA analyzer. However, most existing FRA analyzers use only the information on amplitude-frequency signature, while phase-frequency information is neglected. It is also found that in some cases, the diagnostic results obtained by FRA amplitude-frequency signatures do not comply with some hard evidence. This paper introduces a winding deformation diagnostic method based on the analysis of binary images obtained from FRA signatures to improve FRA outcomes. The digital image processing technique is used to process the binary image and obtain a diagnostic indicator, to arrive at an outcome for interpreting winding faults with improved accuracy.

Dual mechanical port machine based hybrid electric vehicle using reduced switch converters

  • Authors: Bizhani, Hamed , Yao, Gang , Muyeen, S. , Islam, Syed , Ben-Brahim, Lazhar
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 33665-33676
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  • Description: Due to the increased environmental pollution, hybrid vehicles have attracted enormous attention in today's society. The two most important factors in designing these vehicles are size and weight. For this purpose, some researchers have presented the use of the dual-mechanical-port machine (DMPM) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper presents two modified converter topologies with a reduced number of switching devices for use on DMPM-based HEVs, with the goal of reducing the overall size and weight of the system. Beside the design of the DMPM in the series-parallel HEV structure along with the energy management unit, the conventional back-to-back (BB) converter is replaced with nine-switch (NS) and five-leg (FL) converters. These converters have never been examined for the DMPM-based HEV, and therefore, the objective of this paper is to reveal the operational characteristics and power flow mechanism of this machine using the NS and FL converters. The simulation analysis is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink considering all HEV operational modes. In addition, two proposed and the conventional converters are compared in terms of losses, maximum achievable voltages, required dc-link voltages, the rating of the components, and torque ripple, and finally, a recommendation is made based on the obtained results.

Identification of coherent generators by support vector clustering with an embedding strategy

  • Authors: Babaei, Mehdi , Muyeen, S. , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 105420-105431
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  • Description: Identification of coherent generators (CGs) is necessary for the area-based monitoring and protection system of a wide area power system. Synchrophasor has enabled smarter monitoring and control measures to be devised; hence, measurement-based methodologies can be implemented in online applications to identify the CGs. This paper presents a new framework for coherency identification that is based on the dynamic coupling of generators. A distance matrix that contains the dissimilarity indices between any pair of generators is constructed from the pairwise dynamic coupling of generators after the post-disturbance data are obtained by phasor measurement units (PMUs). The dataset is embedded in Euclidean space to produce a new dataset with a metric distance between the points, and then the support vector clustering (SVC) technique is applied to the embedded dataset to identify the final clusters of generators. Unlike other clustering methods that need a priori knowledge about the number of clusters or the parameters of clustering, this information is set in an automatic search procedure that results in the optimal number of clusters. The algorithm is verified by time-domain simulations of defined scenarios in 39 bus and 118 bus test systems. Finally, the clustering result of 39 bus systems is validated by cluster validity measures, and a comparative study investigates the efficacy of the proposed algorithm to cluster the generators with an optimal number of clusters and also its computational efficiency compared with other clustering methods.

Multi-agent systems in ICT enabled smart grid : A status update on technology framework and applications

  • Authors: Shawon, Mohammad , Muyeen, S. , Ghosh, Arindam , Islam, Syed , Baptista, Murilo
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 97959-97973
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  • Description: Multi-agent-based smart grid applications have gained much attention in recent times. At the same time, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a crucial part of the smart grid infrastructure. The key intention of this work is to present a comprehensive review of the literature and technological frameworks for the application of multi-agent system (MAS) and ICT infrastructure usages in smart grid implementations. In the smart grid, agents are defined as intelligent entities with the ability to take decisions and acting flexibly and autonomously according to their built-in intelligence utilizing previous experiences. Whereas, ICT enables conventional grid turned into the smart grid through data and information exchange. This paper summarizes the multi-agent concept of smart grid highlighting their applications through a detailed and extensive literature survey on the related topics. In addition to the above, a particular focus has been put on the ICT standards, including IEC 61850 incorporating ICT with MAS. Finally, a laboratory framework concepts have been added highlighting the implementation of IEC 61850.

A new cascaded multilevel inverter topology with galvanic isolation

  • Authors: Hasan, Mubashwar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Dahidah, Mohamed
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Vol. 54, no. 4 (2018), p. 3463-3472
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  • Description: IEEE This paper presents a new compact three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) topology with reduced device count and high frequency magnetic link. The proposed topology overcomes the predominant limitation of separate DC power supplies, which CMLI always require. The high frequency magnetic link also provides a galvanic isolation between the input and output sides of the inverter, which is essential for various grid-connected applications. The proposed topology utilizes an asymmetric inverter configuration that consists of cascaded H-bridge cells and a conventional three-phase two-level inverter. A toroidal core is employed for the high frequency magnetic link to ensure compact size and high-power density. Compared with counterpart CMLI topologies available in the literatures, the proposed inverter has the advantage of utilizing the least number of power electronic components without compromising the overall performance, particularly when a high number of output voltage levels is required. The feasibility of the proposed inverter is confirmed through extensive simulation and experimentally validated studies.

A novel concept for three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter topologies

  • Authors: Hasan, Mubashwar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Muyeen, S.
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energies Vol. 11, no. 2 (2018), p. 1-16
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  • Description: One of the key challenges in multilevel inverters (MLIs) design is to reduce the number of components used in the implementation while maximising the number of output voltage levels. This paper proposes a new concept that facilitates a device count reduction technique of existing cascaded MLIs. Moreover, the proposed concept can be utilised to extend existing single phase cascaded MLI topologies to three-phase structure without tripling the number of semiconductor components and input dc-supplies as per the current practice. The new generalized concept involves two stages; namely, cascaded stage and phase generator stage. The phase generator stage is a combination of a conventional three-phase two level inverter and three bi-directional switches while the cascaded stage can employ any existing cascaded topology. A laboratory prototype model is built and extensive experimental analyses are conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed cascaded MLI concept.

Improved method to obtain the online impulse frequency response signature of a power transformer by multi scale complex CWT

  • Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Tang, Chao , Yao, Chenguo , Zhou, Qu , Xu, Lingna , Gui, Yingang , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 48934-48945
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  • Description: Online impulse frequency response analysis (IFRA) has proven to be a promising method to detect and diagnose the transformer winding mechanical faults when the transformer is in service. However, the existing fast Fourier transform (FFT) is actually not suitable for processing the transient signals in online IFRA. The field test result also shows that the IFRA signature obtained by FFT is easily distorted by noise. An improved method to obtain the online IFRA signature based on multi-scale complex continuous wavelet transform is proposed. The electrical model simulation and online experiment indicate the superiority of the wavelet transform compared with FFT. This paper provides guidance on the actual application of the online IFRA method.

Impact of distributed rooftop photovoltaic systems on short-circuit faults in the supplying low voltage networks

  • Authors: Yengejeh, Hadi , Shahnia, Farhad , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Electric Power Components and Systems Vol. 45, no. 20 (2017), p. 2257-2274
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  • Description: This article evaluates the effect of randomly distributed, residential single-phase rooftop photovoltaic systems in the low voltage residential networks, during short-circuit faults on the overhead lines. The important parameters such as the fault current, the current sensed at the distribution transformer secondary, and the voltage profile along the feeder during the fault are examined. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in which the rating and location of the photovoltaic systems in the feeder, as well as the fault location and type, are the considered variables. Moreover, to demonstrate the effect of multiple photovoltaic systems with different ratings and penetration levels when distributed unequally among three phases of the network, a stochastic analysis is carried out. The article summarizes the outcomes of these two analyses to provide a better understanding of the impact of single-phase rooftop photovoltaic systems on the residential feeders during short-circuit faults.

Investigation of microgrid instability caused by time delay

  • Authors: Aghanoori, Navid , Masoum, Mohammad , Islam, Syed , Nethery, Steven
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 10th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ELECO 2017; Bursa, Turkey; 29th-2nd December 2017 Vol. 2018, p. 105-110
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  • Description: This paper investigates the impact of time delay in the control of a grid-connected microgrid with renewable energy resources. The considered microgrid has a critical load that needs to be powered and protected in the event of grid voltage disturbance while the microgrid maintains connection to the grid. Three case studies are performed considering three different time delays to indicate the advantages of fast communication system in the performance of renewable microgrids. Detailed simulation results illustrate that the proposed communication system using IEC 61850 substation automation standard provides better voltage and current quality to the critical local load with larger phase and gain margins while keeping the microgid connected to main grid.

Master control unit based power exchange strategy for interconnected microgrids

  • Authors: Batool, Munira , Islam, Syed , Shahnia, Farhad
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2017; Melbourne, Australia; 19th-22nd November 2017 Vol. 2017, p. 1-6
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  • Description: Large remote area networks normally have self-suffi-cient electricity systems. These systems also rely on non-dispatchable DGs (N-DGs) for overall reduction in cost of electricity production. It is a fact that uncertainties included in the nature of N-DGs as well as load demand can cause cost burden on islanded microgrids (MGs). This paper proposes development of power exchange strategy for an interconnected MGs (IMG) system as part of large remote area network with optimized controls of dispatchable (D-DGs) which are members of master control unit (MCU). MCU analysis includes equal cost increment principle to give idea about the amount of power exchange which could take place with neighbor MGs in case of overloading situation. Sudden changes in N-DGs and load are defined as interruptions and are part of analysis too. Optimization problem is formulated on the basis of MCU adjustment for overloading or under loading situation and suitability of support MG (S-MG) in IMG system for power exchange along with key features of low cost and minimum technical impacts. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) technique is applied to solve the formulated problem. The impact of proposed strategy is assessed by numerical analysis in MATLAB programming under stochastic environment.

Online transformer internal fault detection based on instantaneous voltage and current measurements considering impact of harmonics

  • Authors: Masoum, Ali , Hashemnia, Seyednaser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Masoum, Mohammad Sherkat , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Vol. 32, no. 2 (2017), p. 587-598
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  • Description: This paper investigates the performance of a recently proposed online transformer internal fault detection technique and examines impact of harmonics through detailed nonlinear simulation of a transformer using three-dimensional finite element modelling. The proposed online technique is based on considering the correlation between the instantaneous input and output voltage difference (ΔV) and the input current of a particular phase as a finger print of the transformer that could be measured every cycle to identify any incipient mechanical deformation within power transformers. To precisely emulate real transformer operation under various winding mechanical deformations, a detailed three-dimensional finite-element model is developed. Detailed simulations with (non)sinusoidal excitation are performed and analysed to demonstrate the unique impact of each fault on the ΔV-I locus. Impact of harmonic order, magnitude and phase angle is also investigated. Furthermore, practical measurements have been performed to validate the effect of winding short circuit fault on the proposed ΔV-I locus without and with the impact of system harmonics.

Power transaction management amongst coupled microgrids in remote areas

  • Authors: Batool, Munira , Islam, Syed , Shahnia, Farhad
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 7th IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia, ISGT-Asia 2017;Auckland, New Zealand; 4th-7th December 2017 p. 1-6
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  • Description: Large remote areas normally have isolated and self-sufficient electricity supply systems, often referred to as microgrids. These systems also rely on a mix of dispatchable and non-dispatcha- ble distributed energy resources to reduce the overall cost of electricity production. Emergencies such as shortfalls, overloading, and faults can cause problems in the operation of these remote area microgrids. This paper presents a power transaction management scheme amongst a few such microgrids when they are coupled provisionally during emergencies. By definition, power transaction is an instance of buying and selling of electricity amongst problem and healthy microgrids. The developed technique aims to define the suitable power generation from all dispatchable sources and regulate the power transaction amongst the coupled microgrids. To this end, an optimization problem is formulated that aims to define the above parameters while minimizing the costs and technical impacts. A mixed- integer linear programming technique is used to solve the formulated problem. The performance of the proposed management strategy is evaluated by numerical analysis in MATLAB.

Design and analysis of nano-structured gratings for conversion efficiency improvement in GaAs solar cells

  • Authors: Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energies Vol. 9, no. 9 (2016), p. 1-13
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  • Description: This paper presents the design and analysis of nano-structured gratings to improve the conversion efficiency in GaAs solar cells by reducing the light reflection losses. A finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation tool is used to design and simulate the light reflection losses of the subwavelength grating (SWG) structure in GaAs solar cells. The SWG structures perform as an excellent alternative antireflective (AR) coating due to their capacity to reduce the reflection losses in GaAs solar cells. It allows the gradual change in the refractive index that confirms an excellent AR and the light trapping properties, when compared with the planar thin film structures. The nano-rod structure performs as a single layer AR coating, whereas the triangular (i.e., conical or perfect cone) and parabolic (i.e., trapezoidal/truncated cone) shaped nano-grating structures perform as a multilayer AR coating. The simulation results confirm that the reflection loss of triangular-shaped nano-grating structures having a 300-nm grating height and a 830-nm period is about 2%, which is about 28% less than the flat type substrates. It also found that the intermediate (i.e., trapezoidal and parabolic)-shaped structures, the light reflection loss is lower than the rectangular shaped nano-grating structure, but higher than the triangular shaped nano-grating structure. This analysis confirmed that the triangular shaped nano-gratings are an excellent alternative AR coating for conversion efficiency improvement in GaAs solar cells.

Disconnection of single-phase rooftop PVs after short-circuit faults in residential feeders

  • Authors: Yengejeh, Hadi , Shahnia, Farhad , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vol. 13, no. 2 (2016), p. 151-165
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  • Description: This paper presents an analysis on the disconnection time of single-phase rooftop photovoltaic systems (PVs), located in a three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution feeder, after a single-phase and a three-phase short-circuit fault on the low-voltage feeder. The paper aims to evaluate and discuss the disconnection time and disconnection sequence of PVs in a network with 100% PV penetration level to evaluate the islanding issues that are related to the safety of people and the damage of electrical apparatus. The impact of different parameters such as the location of the fault, impedance of the fault and the ratio of PVs generation capacity to the load demand are contemplated in the analysis. Furthermore, the influence of the network earthing in the form of multiple earthed neutral and non-effectively grounded systems are evaluated on the PVs disconnection time. This research intends to figure out the conditions under which the PVs in the feeder may fail to disconnect after a single-phase or three-phase fault and continue to feed the fault.

Performance monitoring of a PMU in a microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5

  • Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
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  • Description: Reliable protection, communication and control are the key features of a digital protection scheme in a utility substation. Microgrid is an alternative solution of installing long Transmission & Distribution lines could be cost prohibitive. There are number of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which could find applications in controlling and monitoring of power network in a Microgrid set up and one such device is Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). It is a microprocessor based intelligent device which gathers high-resolution data, checks the power quality and records disturbances. However, few issues that remains to be addressed such as, interoperability in a multi-vendor equipment and coordination between individual control systems in an integrated scheme. In this paper, an Operational Network Technology (OPNET) software model of a PMU has been designed and tested for its performance in a Microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5 standard.

Software implementation of two seamless redundant topologies in a digital protection system based on IEC 62439-3

  • Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
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  • Description: Substations are the junctions of any transmission and distribution network in utilities. They carry bulk power to the customers using transmission network involving high voltage (HV) apparatus. Protection of HV equipment during a fault is the primary concern of an operator. Advancement in design and manufacturing of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and IEC 61850 are finding increased application in utilities from automation and communication perspective, which addresses few shortcomings that couldn't be resolved in a conventional system. However there are few challenges in the digital scheme such as end to end delays in the packet transfer and interoperability of devices. Utilities are able to perceive these benefits by leveraging on IEC 62439-3 which has two important topologies i.e. Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). It offers seamless redundancy in digital protection network without compromising the availability and downtime cost. In this paper, an Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) is used to simulate and compare the performance of these topologies with respect to delay time.
  • Description: Proceedings of the 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016

Stochastic modeling of the output power of photovoltaic generators in various weather conditions

  • Authors: Batool, Munira , Islam, Syed , Shahnia, Farhad
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
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  • Description: The intermittency of solar-powered energy sources prompt the uncertainty of load management. The influence of shading (whatever the reason may be) directly diminishes the feasible output power of the photovoltaic (PV) generators. The major causes of shading are the weather condition changes like the clouds, storms, and rains. Thereby, the dispatchable power for a distinct weather condition at an explicit time frame needs to be quantified. The stochastic modeling of a practical PV system has been performed in this paper. A step-by-step MATLAB-based algorithm is developed for tracking of dispatchable power limit using the Monte Carlo Principle. The proposed algorithm describes the weather condition as a function of cloud presence. The prescribed characteristics consist of the solar irradiance and the ambient temperature. The impact of weather changes on the output power of a PV system is evaluated by this algorithm. The results of this research are concluded by realistic data analysis taken from the Australian bureau of meteorology.

A new technique to measure interfacial tension of transformer oil using UV-Vis spectroscopy

  • Authors: Abu Bakar, Norazhar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , El-Naggar, Mohammed
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 22, no. 2 (2015), p. 1275-1282
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  • Description: Interfacial tension (IFT) and acid numbers of insulating oil are correlated with the number of years that a transformer has been in service and are used as a signal for transformer oil reclamation. Oil sampling for IFT measurement calls for extra precautions due to its high sensitivity to various oil parameters and environmental conditions. The current used technique to measure IFT of transformer oil is relatively expensive, requires an expert to conduct the test and it takes long time since the extraction of oil sample, sending it to external laboratory and getting the results back. This paper introduces a new technique to estimate the IFT of transformer oil using ultraviolet-to-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectral response of transformer oil can be measured instantly with relatively cheap equipment, does not need an expert person to conduct the test and has the potential to be implemented online. Results show that there is a good correlation between oil spectral response and its IFT value. Artificial neural network (ANN) approach is proposed to model this correlation.

Analysis of end-to-end delay characteristics for various packets in IEC 61850 substation communications system

  • Authors: Das, Narottam , Ma, Wu , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference Paper
  • Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015, Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-5
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  • Description: Substation plays an important role in power system communications for safe and reliable operation of entire power networks. Substation communication networks are connected with various substation intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), which is substation systems lifeblood and the system availability is decided by its real-Time performance. International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) has been developed the standards based on object-oriented technologies for substation automation. IEC 61850 protocol has been applied widely in substation communication applications. It presents new challenges to realtime performance simulation and testing of protective relays. In this paper, an optimized network engineering tool (OPNET) or Riverbed modeler simulation tool/ software has been used for the modeling of IED in substation level network. Based on the simulation results, different types of data stream have been discussed, such as, periodic data stream, random data stream and burst data steam. The typical studies using these models, to construct substation automation system (SAS) network on the OPNET modeler or Riverbed modeler was made to reveal the impact of each affecting parameter or factor to the real-Time performance of substation communications system, which is also incorporated in this report.
  • Description: 2015 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: Challenges for Future Grids, AUPEC 2015