- Title
- Presenting a 4-Item spiritual well-being index (4-ISWBI)
- Creator
- Fisher, John; Ng, David
- Date
- 2017
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/159984
- Identifier
- vital:12062
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8090179
- Identifier
- ISSN:2077-1444
- Abstract
- Spiritual well-being is perceived to be reflected in the quality of relationships that people have in four areas, namely with God, others, nature, and self. Many spiritual well-being questionnaires exist, but not many provide an adequate assessment of these four relationships. As part of a survey of parental perceptions of holistic early childhood education in kindergartens in Hong Kong, 1383 parents and 165 teachers, from 22 kindergartens, completed a written survey questionnaire which helped to investigate the potential for a single question with four parts to provide a valid and reliable measure for spiritual well-being. Face, content, and construct validity were confirmed, together with Cronbach’s alpha providing a test for reliability. Similarity of findings from regression analysis of items in the 4-ISWBI with domains of spiritual well-being in the 20-item SHALOM, as well as partial discrimination by gender, reinforce the validity of the 4-ISWBI as a sound indicator of spiritual well-being and its four domains. In brief, the 4-Item Spiritual Well-Being Index (4-ISWBI) promises to be a handy instrument to aid researchers looking for a convenient, concise, coherent indicator, but not an exhaustive measure, of spiritual well-being. © 2017 by the authors.
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Relation
- Religions Vol. 8, no. 9 (2017), p. 1-13
- Rights
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Copyright © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
- Rights
- Open Access
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- 2204 Religion and Religious Studies; Assess; SHALOM; Spiritual well-being
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