Description:
Nursing students are required to develop clinical knowledge, skills and attitudes for professional practice. However, objectivity and parity of students' clinical assessments has been questioned. In the last decade, more objective techniques have been developed, with increased use of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations. We reviewed objective clinical assessment measures used in preregistration nursing courses to determine utilization and the validity and reliability of assessment techniques. A systematic search was made of quantitative research publications between 2000 and May 2011, identifying 16 studies that were subsequently reviewed. The validity and reliability of studies varied, with six studies judged as high quality, using various methodologies. This paper describes methods of instrument development and reports on their application in preregistration nursing programs.
Description:
Simulation modalities are numerous in nursing education, with a need to reveal their range and impact. We reviewed current evidence for effectiveness of medium to high fidelity simulation as an education mode in pre-licensure/pre-registration nurse education. A state-of-the-art review and meta-analyses was conducted based on a systematic search of publications in English between 2010 and 2015. Of 72 included studies, 43 were quantitative primary studies (mainly quasi-experimental designs), 13 were qualitative studies and 16 were reviews of literature. Forty of 43 primary studies reported benefits to student learning, and student satisfaction was high. Simulation programs provided multi-modal ways of learning. A meta-analysis (8 studies, n = 652 participants) identified that simulation programs significantly improved clinical knowledge from baseline. The weighted mean increase was 5.0 points (CI: 3.25–6.82) on a knowledge measure. Other objectively rated measures (eg, trained observers with checklists) were few. Reported subjective measures such as confidence and satisfaction when used alone have a strong potential for results bias. Studies presented valid empirical evidence, but larger studies are required. Simulation programs in pre-licensure nursing curricula demonstrate innovation and excellence. The programs should be shared across the discipline to facilitate development of multimodal learning for both pre-licensure and postgraduate nurses.
Description:
Simulation modalities are numerous in nursing education, with a need to reveal their range and impact. We reviewed current evidence for effectiveness of medium to high fidelity simulation as an education mode in pre-licensure/pre-registration nurse education. A state-of-the-art review and meta-analyses was conducted based on a systematic search of publications in English between 2010 and 2015. Of 72 included studies, 43 were quantitative primary studies (mainly quasi-experimental designs), 13 were qualitative studies and 16 were reviews of literature. Forty of 43 primary studies reported benefits to student learning, and student satisfaction was high. Simulation programs provided multi-modal ways of learning. A meta-analysis (8 studies, n = 652 participants) identified that simulation programs significantly improved clinical knowledge from baseline. The weighted mean increase was 5.0 points (CI: 3.25–6.82) on a knowledge measure. Other objectively rated measures (eg, trained observers with checklists) were few. Reported subjective measures such as confidence and satisfaction when used alone have a strong potential for results bias. Studies presented valid empirical evidence, but larger studies are required. Simulation programs in pre-licensure nursing curricula demonstrate innovation and excellence. The programs should be shared across the discipline to facilitate development of multimodal learning for both pre-licensure and postgraduate nurses.
Description:
Objective: This paper explores the nursing literature to identify the educative process and essential features of debriefing. Setting: Nursing education settings: undergraduate, postgraduate and professional development in nursing and midwifery. Data sources: Studies of debriefing in nurse education were located in peer reviewed journals between 1990 and May 2010. Searches were made using keywords in six healthcare and one education database. Eleven nursing studies reporting education of individuals and six studies of teams were selected for inclusion; only one study provided learning outcome data. Hence, the literature was synthesised in a narrative form to include related studies. Primary argument: Formative feedback is important in experiential learning and is often applied in nursing in the form of facilitated structured debriefing. Debriefing is most commonly reported in relation to clinical skills development and as part of individual and team-based simulation training. Educational outcomes are dependant upon the skills of the facilitator in offering feedback in accordance with best practice. Although a key component of higher level education, there is a lack of published evidence with regard to the effectiveness of debriefing techniques in nurse education. A framework for debriefing practice is presented. Conclusion: Structured facilitated debriefing is an important strategy to engage students in learning and is essential in simulation training. Further research is warranted to fully understand the impact of the method in nurse education.
Description:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a mental health clinical placement on student nurses attitudes towards mental illness and mental health nursing. Health holds different definitions for different people. The term health can mean wellness or a state of being. Mental health in our society still is wrought with stigma. It is the use of negative labels to identify someone living with a mental illness. Stigma can be a barrier and may discourage families and individuals from seeking help. In the health care system, these barriers need to be broken, from the first contact with the health profession, these being the nurses. Nurse’s attitudes can develop for many different reasons, these being, and lack of knowledge, stigma, and prior experience with mental illness. As a health care profession, we need to start at the beginning, with assessing and encouraging more understanding and tolerance of mental illness with our student nurses. This study used a longitudinal descriptive pre-post survey design to determine the degree to which a clinical placement with a psychiatric/mental health agency changed student nurses’ attitudes towards mental illness and mental health/psychiatric nursing. Bachelor of nursing students are required to complete a mental health unit of study within the Bachelor of Nursing Degree. This unit of study required student nurses to complete a 4 week clinical placement in a mental health facility. Students were invited to complete a survey before the clinical placement and at the completion of the clinical placement. Of the (n=184) nurses invited to participate in this study, 65 completed the pre and post clinical placement surveys, giving a response rate of 35%.The results show that there is a statistical significance of .001 in the mean attitude scores towards mental illness for pre and post placement. The attitudes towards psychiatric nursing show a statistical significance of .01.Results from this study support recent literature towards a positive change in student nurses attitudes towards mental illness and mental health nursing on the completion of a clinical placement in a mental health facility.
Description:
Nurses need to participate in CPE to update their knowledge and increase their competencies. This research was carried out to explore their current practice and the future general needs for CPE. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved registered nurses from government hospitals and health clinics from Peninsular Malaysia. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 1000 nurses from four states of Malaysia. Self-explanatory questionnaires were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Seven hundred and ninety-two nurses participated in this survey. Only 80% (562) of the nurses had engaged in CPE activities during the past 12 months. All attendance for the various activities was below 50%. Workshops were the most popular CPE activity (345, 43.6%) and tertiary education was the most unpopular activity (10, 1.3%). The respondents did perceive the importance of future CPE activities for career development. Mandatory continuing professional education (MCPE) is a key measure to ensure that nurses upgrade their knowledge and skills; however, it is recommended that policy makers and nurse leaders in the continuing professional development unit of health service facilities plan CPE activities to meet registered nurses’ (RNs) needs and not simply organizational requirements.
Description:
Nurses need to participate in CPE to update their knowledge and increase their competencies. This research was carried out to explore their current practice and the future general needs for CPE. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved registered nurses from government hospitals and health clinics from Peninsular Malaysia. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit 1000 nurses from four states of Malaysia. Self-explanatory questionnaires were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Seven hundred and ninety-two nurses participated in this survey. Only 80% (562) of the nurses had engaged in CPE activities during the past 12 months. All attendance for the various activities was below 50%. Workshops were the most popular CPE activity (345, 43.6%) and tertiary education was the most unpopular activity (10, 1.3%). The respondents did perceive the importance of future CPE activities for career development. Mandatory continuing professional education (MCPE) is a key measure to ensure that nurses upgrade their knowledge and skills; however, it is recommended that policy makers and nurse leaders in the continuing professional development unit of health service facilities plan CPE activities to meet registered nurses’ (RNs) needs and not simply organizational requirements.
Description:
Objectives: Demographic and socioeconomic changes and the availability of health care resources were collected to examine the impacts on life expectancy in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Design and Sample: An ecological design collecting 29 years (1980 –2008) data for three Southeast Asian countries. Measures: Life expectancy, demographics, socioeconomic status, and health care resources were collected. Results: The structural equation model indicates that more available health care resources and socioeconomic advantages were more likely to increase life expectancy. By contrast, demographic change was more likely to increase life expectancy by way of health care resources. Conclusions: Results show that factors that had direct impacts on life expectancy in all three countries were socioeconomic status and health care resources. Demographic changes had an indirect influence on life expectancy via health care resources. These findings suggest that policymakers should be focusing on how to remove the barriers that impede access to health care services during economic downturns. In addition, how to increase preventive care for the populations that have less access to health care in communities
Description:
Aim To identify factors that have an impact on nurses’ performance of patients’ conscious level assessment. Background There is a need for nurses to accurately assess a patient’s conscious level to detect neurological changes and initiate prompt action. Methods Nine databases were systematically searched (1990–February 2010) to review experimental, cohort, case control, cross-sectional and descriptive studies that addressed factors which affected nurses’ performance of patient conscious level assessment. Participants in the studies reviewed were nursing staff. The Joanna Briggs Institute Meta Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for quality assessment. Results Eleven studies were analysed in this review. Knowledge and experience were found to be the most significant factors in determining nurses’ performance of patient conscious level assessment. Formal training was found to be effective in improving assessment skills and experience greatly affected the accuracy of assessment. Conclusion Knowledge and experience are the most significant factors on nurses’ performance of consciousness level assessment. Implications for nursing management Formal training is needed on a continual basis to maintain skills in consciousness level assessment, and nurses who are more experienced in the use of assessment should mentor those that are less experienced
Barriers and enablers to the delivery of psychological care in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China : a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Description:
Aims and objectives To investigate the prevalence of depression in the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the related demographic risk factors. Background Antenatal depression as a disabling and treatable disease has a wide-ranging impact on perinatal women and has received extensive attention from researchers. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted at three public hospitals. Methods Demographic questionnaire was developed from the literature review, and depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between depression and demographic predictors. STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was applied in this paper (see Appendix S1). Result A total of 773 pregnant women participated in the study. 29.6% of participants scored more than 9 points on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In the final logistic model, living in rural area, marital satisfaction, assisted reproductive technology, lacking of prenatal health knowledge and life events were strongly significantly associated with antenatal depression. Moreover, living in an extended family, without Medicare insurance, unemployed, working as civil servants or healthcare workers, and lower household income also predicted antenatal depression. However, education level, smoking or drinking before pregnancy was found not to be associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the prevalence of antenatal depression was high. Satisfied with the current marital status, pregnancy without assisted reproductive technology, knowledge of perinatal care and no life events recently were considered as the protective factors for antenatal depression. Relevance to clinical practice Antenatal psychological interventions should focus on how to improve the marital satisfaction and the relationship with their family members. More attentions should be paid to the women who have had some life events recently or received assisted reproductive technology for pregnancy.
Description:
The article reports on research which was conducted through RMIT University, or the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, in an effort to investigate the factors which influence Taiwanese women’s decision to have children. A discussion of a decline in childbirth which has been seen in Taiwan, and of incentives and policies which the Taiwanese government has established to encourage Taiwanese women to have children, is presented.
Description:
The article reports on research which was conducted through RMIT University, or the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, in an effort to investigate the factors which influence Taiwanese women’s decision to have children. A discussion of a decline in childbirth which has been seen in Taiwan, and of incentives and policies which the Taiwanese government has established to encourage Taiwanese women to have children, is presented
Description:
Data sharing and analysis are important components of coordinated and cost-effective public health strategies. However, legal and policy barriers have made data from different agencies difficult to share and analyze for policy development. To address a rise in overdose deaths, Maryland used an innovative and focused approach to bring together data on overdose decedents across multiple agencies. The effort was focused on developing discrete intervention points based on information yielded on decedents' lives, such as vulnerability upon release from incarceration. Key aspects of this approach included gubernatorial leadership, a unified commitment to data sharing across agencies with memoranda of understanding, and designation of a data management team. Preliminary results have yielded valuable insights and have helped inform policy. This process of navigating legal and privacy concerns in data sharing across multiple agencies may be applied to a variety of public health problems challenging health departments across the country.