External business knowledge transmission : a conceptual framework
- Labas, Alan, Courvisanos, Jerry
- Authors: Labas, Alan , Courvisanos, Jerry
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Knowledge Management Vol. 27, no. 8 (2023), p. 2034-2057
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: This study aims to develop an original conceptual framework to guide research into knowledge transmission between professional external knowledge providers and their business clientele. As such, the framework aims to bridge a gap between theory and practice by explicating the processes which affect knowledge transmission and the conversion of knowledge for business application (i.e. knowledge transference). Design/methodology/approach: Key concepts from disciplines of knowledge management, information management, communications, services marketing and business advice are reviewed and integrated into the development of this framework. Underpinned by a critical realist philosophical lens, it provides a robust research guide for examining business advisor knowledge actions in a changing open environment. Findings: This study identifies that the process of knowledge transmission from a source external to a business is more complex than internal knowledge sharing. It addresses this complexity through a knowledge transmission framework, in a research design that is applicable to any methodological paradigm. Real-world application is identified in its applicability for evaluating mechanisms to facilitate knowledge transmission practices of external advisors to small business in regionally isolated communities. Research limitations/implications: The critical realist research methodology allows for causality in knowledge transmission to emerge; however, no assertion is made that the conceptual framework developed needs any particular philosophical paradigm for its application. Instead, what is asserted is that the research framework developed in this paper is specifically suited to the characteristics of external knowledge providers, their tacit knowledge and the businesses they service. Originality/value: This study reconceptualises various theoretical perspectives and develops a sequential process for addressing a research lacuna by specifically examining the processes (or connections) between external business advisor’s knowledge and their advisory actions. With these processes clearly established, the role of external knowledge providers, as knowledge transmitters, deepens the understanding of knowledge transference that up until now has focused typically on internal organisation aspects. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
- Authors: McDonough, Sharon
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Textile: The Journal of Cloth and Culture Vol. 21, no. 1 (2023), p. 293-296
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Factor structure of the symptoms of alcohol use, gaming, and gambling addictions
- Gomez, Rapson, Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Brown, Taylor, Watson, Shaun
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Brown, Taylor , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Vol. 21, no. 5 (2023), p. 3345-3361
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Alcohol use, gaming, and gambling addictions are recognized in some form by the major clinical classification symptoms. The current study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models to compare four different models comprising the symptoms of these addictions. The four models were one-factor (all different types of addiction symptoms loading on a single factor), two-factor (alcohol use and internet/gambling latent factors), three-factor (alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling symptoms loading only on their respective target latent factors), and bi-factor (alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling symptoms loading on their respective target latent factor and also on the general addiction factor) models. A general community sample of 968 adults (males = 622, females = 315) completed rating scales with symptoms for the three addictions and also for drug use addiction and distress. Both the three-factor and bi-factor models showed a good fit. However, between these models, only the factors of the three-factor model showed good clarity, reliabilities, and external validities, thereby suggesting that this be the best model to represent ratings of alcohol use, internet gaming, and gambling together. The theoretical, taxonomic, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Factors that promote a positive childbearing experience : a qualitative study
- Hall, Helen, Fooladi, Ensieh, Kloester, Joy, Ulnang, Arijanti, Sinni, Suzanne, White, Colleen, McLaren, Meredith, Yeganeh, Ladan
- Authors: Hall, Helen , Fooladi, Ensieh , Kloester, Joy , Ulnang, Arijanti , Sinni, Suzanne , White, Colleen , McLaren, Meredith , Yeganeh, Ladan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health Vol. 68, no. 1 (2023), p. 44-51
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- Description: Introduction: Experiences of pregnancy and birth are important and have long-term impacts on the well-being of women and their families. Perinatal services should aim for care that promotes a positive childbearing experience, as well as optimizing health outcomes for the woman and newborn. This study aimed to understand the health system factors that promote a positive childbearing experience. Methods: Women who had a positive experience and had given birth in Australia in the previous 12 months were recruited for individual semistructured interviews. The interview guide focused on health system factors that participants credited with contributing to their positive experience of perinatal care. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Data from 36 interviews were thematically analyzed, and 4 major themes were generated: health care provider attributes, health system attributes, communication and decision-making, and experience of care. The salient factors that promoted positive experiences included care that was respectful and individualized with effective communication, access to midwifery continuity of care models, and good integration between services. Competent and professional health care providers who facilitated shared decision-making were also essential. Discussion: Although women often sought out care that promoted physiologic birth, they emphasized that the way they were cared for was more important than fulfilling specific birth aspirations. Quality maternity care has the capacity to support a woman's confidence in her own abilities and promote a positive, and sometimes transformative, childbearing experience. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).
- Authors: Hall, Helen , Fooladi, Ensieh , Kloester, Joy , Ulnang, Arijanti , Sinni, Suzanne , White, Colleen , McLaren, Meredith , Yeganeh, Ladan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health Vol. 68, no. 1 (2023), p. 44-51
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Experiences of pregnancy and birth are important and have long-term impacts on the well-being of women and their families. Perinatal services should aim for care that promotes a positive childbearing experience, as well as optimizing health outcomes for the woman and newborn. This study aimed to understand the health system factors that promote a positive childbearing experience. Methods: Women who had a positive experience and had given birth in Australia in the previous 12 months were recruited for individual semistructured interviews. The interview guide focused on health system factors that participants credited with contributing to their positive experience of perinatal care. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Data from 36 interviews were thematically analyzed, and 4 major themes were generated: health care provider attributes, health system attributes, communication and decision-making, and experience of care. The salient factors that promoted positive experiences included care that was respectful and individualized with effective communication, access to midwifery continuity of care models, and good integration between services. Competent and professional health care providers who facilitated shared decision-making were also essential. Discussion: Although women often sought out care that promoted physiologic birth, they emphasized that the way they were cared for was more important than fulfilling specific birth aspirations. Quality maternity care has the capacity to support a woman's confidence in her own abilities and promote a positive, and sometimes transformative, childbearing experience. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM).
Fasting triglycerides are positively associated with cardiovascular mortality risk in people with diabetes
- Wang, Yutang, Fang, Yan, Magliano, Dianna, Charchar, Fadi, Sobey, Christopher, Drummond, Grant, Golledge, Jonathan
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Magliano, Dianna , Charchar, Fadi , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Golledge, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 3 (2023), p. 826-834
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
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- Description: Aims We investigated the association of fasting triglycerides with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and results This cohort study included US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of triglycerides for CVD mortality. The cohort included 26 570 adult participants, among which 3978 had diabetes. People with higher triglycerides had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline. The cohort was followed up for a mean of 12.0 years with 1492 CVD deaths recorded. A 1-natural-log-unit higher triglyceride was associated with a 30% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality in participants with diabetes (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08–1.56) but not in those without diabetes (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.07). In participants with diabetes, people with high triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) had a 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12–1.85) higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality compared with those with normal triglycerides (<150 mg/dL). The findings remained significant when diabetes was defined by fasting glucose levels alone, or after further adjustment for the use of lipid-lowering medications, or after the exclusion of those who took lipid-lowering medications. Conclusion This study demonstrates that fasting triglycerides of
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Magliano, Dianna , Charchar, Fadi , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Golledge, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 3 (2023), p. 826-834
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims We investigated the association of fasting triglycerides with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and results This cohort study included US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of triglycerides for CVD mortality. The cohort included 26 570 adult participants, among which 3978 had diabetes. People with higher triglycerides had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline. The cohort was followed up for a mean of 12.0 years with 1492 CVD deaths recorded. A 1-natural-log-unit higher triglyceride was associated with a 30% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality in participants with diabetes (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08–1.56) but not in those without diabetes (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.07). In participants with diabetes, people with high triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) had a 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12–1.85) higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality compared with those with normal triglycerides (<150 mg/dL). The findings remained significant when diabetes was defined by fasting glucose levels alone, or after further adjustment for the use of lipid-lowering medications, or after the exclusion of those who took lipid-lowering medications. Conclusion This study demonstrates that fasting triglycerides of
- Chen, Tao, Ye, Mao, Yao, Cheng, Xiao, Zhigang
- Authors: Chen, Tao , Ye, Mao , Yao, Cheng , Xiao, Zhigang
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Composite Structures Vol. 304, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In recent years, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been widely used to improve the fatigue behavior of steel structures, while most relevant studies were focused on steel components with mode I cracks. This study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of steel plates with mixed-mode I/II edge cracks patched with CFRP sheets or plates. A total of eleven specimens were fabricated and tested. A digital image correlation (DIC) system was employed as a non-contact measurement to monitor the fatigue crack propagation. Post-processed displacement fields were used to calculate stress intensity factors (SIFs) near the crack tips. Experimental results showed that double-sided CFRP repairing could significantly improve the fatigue life of edge-cracked specimens, especially those with mode I crack rather than mixed-mode I/II crack. Corresponding finite element (FE) analyses were conducted, and good consistency was achieved with test results of crack growth trajectories and fatigue lives. Further FE analysis considered three parameters: load application angle, CFRP layer number, and initial damage level. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Finding compact and well-separated clusters : clustering using silhouette coefficients
- Bagirov, Adil, Aliguliyev, Ramiz, Sultanova, Nargiz
- Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Aliguliyev, Ramiz , Sultanova, Nargiz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Pattern Recognition Vol. 135, no. (2023), p.
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190100580
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Finding compact and well-separated clusters in data sets is a challenging task. Most clustering algorithms try to minimize certain clustering objective functions. These functions usually reflect the intra-cluster similarity and inter-cluster dissimilarity. However, the use of such functions alone may not lead to the finding of well-separated and, in some cases, compact clusters. Therefore additional measures, called cluster validity indices, are used to estimate the true number of well-separated and compact clusters. Some of these indices are well-suited to be included into the optimization model of the clustering problem. Silhouette coefficients are among such indices. In this paper, a new optimization model of the clustering problem is developed where the clustering function is used as an objective and silhouette coefficients are used to formulate constraints. Then an algorithm, called CLUSCO (CLustering Using Silhouette COefficients), is designed to construct clusters incrementally. Three schemes are discussed to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. Its performance is evaluated using fourteen real-world data sets and compared with that of three state-of-the-art clustering algorithms. Results show that the CLUSCO is able to compute compact clusters which are significantly better separable in comparison with those obtained by other algorithms. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Fire responses by bird guilds and species in heathy dry forests in central Victoria, Australia
- Kuchinke, Diana, di Stefano, Julian, Loyn, Richard, Gell, Peter, Palmer, Grant
- Authors: Kuchinke, Diana , di Stefano, Julian , Loyn, Richard , Gell, Peter , Palmer, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forest Ecology and Management Vol. 535, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Predicted increases in fire frequency and extent are being realised across Australia, bringing changes to the fire regime which may influence the availability of essential resources required by birds. However, few studies have examined either the impacts of fire frequency on birds or the impacts from both wildfire and planned burns, com bined. Birds were surveyed eight times across 84 sites in heathy dry forests in central Victoria, south-east Australia, from 2012 to 2014. Fire history records were retrieved from the 1970’s onwards, the time from which accurate planned burn records were kept. We developed mixed models to investigate how birds responded to time-since-fire and fire frequency, analysing total bird abundance, ten foraging guilds and 30 individual species. We found distinct responses by all modelled guilds and species to time-since-fire, along with evidence for responses to fire frequency. The greatest shifts in species’ abundances occurred during the first ten years post fire, with bird species commonly present across the stages greater than ten years since fire. For total bird abundance there was no statistically detectible difference between recently burnt forest (0-6 months) and other age classes. However, some guilds showed a significant drop in abundance in newly burnt vegetation (e.g. bark foragers, damp ground insectivores, those that feed on seeds close to the ground, tall shrub foragers). It is with guild and species’ responses that more differences across vegetation age classes became apparent. Significant increases in abundance were apparent in both the regrowth and new growth vegetation age classes, compared with older habitat (e.g. canopy foragers, damp ground insectivores, tall shrub foragers); open ground foragers were especially common in post-fire regrowth but then significantly declined. Other responses were more complex, with species’ preferences reflecting their foraging ecology. Some birds showed preferences across two age classes: sites that were young post-fire regrowth (6 months–2.5 years since fire) along with sites of old habitat (>35 years since fire), (e.g. Crimson Rosella, Scarlet Robin, Sulphur-crested Cockatoo), while some ground-foraging species became scarce in dense new-growth vegetation that appears 2.5–10 years post fire (e.g. Australian Magpie, Laughing Kookaburra and White-winged Chough). Such species may deserve specific management strategies to maintain populations in forests where substantial areas are burnt by wildfire or planned burns, over short periods of time. The model for total bird abundance showed a significant fire frequency response with birds preferring sites twice burnt within 35 years (e.g. bark and canopy-foraging guilds). Four guilds demonstrated a preference for sites frequently burnt, increasing in abundance as number of burns increased (nectarivores, open-ground foragers, seeds in trees foragers, tall shrub foragers). In contrast, two species appeared to prefer sites that had experienced low fire frequencies, a response not common to their guilds. Laughing Kookaburra (carnivore) and White-winged Chough (forages on open ground among trees) generally declined in abundance with increasing fire frequency. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Kuchinke, Diana , di Stefano, Julian , Loyn, Richard , Gell, Peter , Palmer, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forest Ecology and Management Vol. 535, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Predicted increases in fire frequency and extent are being realised across Australia, bringing changes to the fire regime which may influence the availability of essential resources required by birds. However, few studies have examined either the impacts of fire frequency on birds or the impacts from both wildfire and planned burns, com bined. Birds were surveyed eight times across 84 sites in heathy dry forests in central Victoria, south-east Australia, from 2012 to 2014. Fire history records were retrieved from the 1970’s onwards, the time from which accurate planned burn records were kept. We developed mixed models to investigate how birds responded to time-since-fire and fire frequency, analysing total bird abundance, ten foraging guilds and 30 individual species. We found distinct responses by all modelled guilds and species to time-since-fire, along with evidence for responses to fire frequency. The greatest shifts in species’ abundances occurred during the first ten years post fire, with bird species commonly present across the stages greater than ten years since fire. For total bird abundance there was no statistically detectible difference between recently burnt forest (0-6 months) and other age classes. However, some guilds showed a significant drop in abundance in newly burnt vegetation (e.g. bark foragers, damp ground insectivores, those that feed on seeds close to the ground, tall shrub foragers). It is with guild and species’ responses that more differences across vegetation age classes became apparent. Significant increases in abundance were apparent in both the regrowth and new growth vegetation age classes, compared with older habitat (e.g. canopy foragers, damp ground insectivores, tall shrub foragers); open ground foragers were especially common in post-fire regrowth but then significantly declined. Other responses were more complex, with species’ preferences reflecting their foraging ecology. Some birds showed preferences across two age classes: sites that were young post-fire regrowth (6 months–2.5 years since fire) along with sites of old habitat (>35 years since fire), (e.g. Crimson Rosella, Scarlet Robin, Sulphur-crested Cockatoo), while some ground-foraging species became scarce in dense new-growth vegetation that appears 2.5–10 years post fire (e.g. Australian Magpie, Laughing Kookaburra and White-winged Chough). Such species may deserve specific management strategies to maintain populations in forests where substantial areas are burnt by wildfire or planned burns, over short periods of time. The model for total bird abundance showed a significant fire frequency response with birds preferring sites twice burnt within 35 years (e.g. bark and canopy-foraging guilds). Four guilds demonstrated a preference for sites frequently burnt, increasing in abundance as number of burns increased (nectarivores, open-ground foragers, seeds in trees foragers, tall shrub foragers). In contrast, two species appeared to prefer sites that had experienced low fire frequencies, a response not common to their guilds. Laughing Kookaburra (carnivore) and White-winged Chough (forages on open ground among trees) generally declined in abundance with increasing fire frequency. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Food safety considerations in the production of traditional fermented products : Japanese rice koji and miso
- Allwood, Joanne, Wakeling, Lara, Post, Laurie, Bean, David
- Authors: Allwood, Joanne , Wakeling, Lara , Post, Laurie , Bean, David
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Food Safety Vol. 43, no. 4 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: While established in Asia, rice koji and miso are fermented foods that are becoming more popular in western countries. They have been shown to contain a variety of microorganisms, consisting of bacteria, yeasts, and fungal species. Many contemporary miso varieties are not pasteurized as consumers are looking for more natural products, and/or have the desire to consume fermented foods containing live microorganisms. While correctly prepared fermented foods are rarely associated with food safety outbreaks, incidences have been recorded. On these occasions, pathogenic, or spoilage microorganisms were introduced into the products from external sources such as the raw material or the processing environment. Consequently, hygiene and fermentation conditions need to be carefully monitored to ensure food safety. Furthermore, many of the production steps during koji and miso manufacture do not fit into contemporary food safety guidelines for foods. Although pH is a required food safety hurdle for fermented foods, this does not apply to nonacidic foods such as koji or miso. This review focuses on control of microbial pathogens and discusses the processes of miso fermentation, and how fermentation of rice koji and miso fits with current food safety hurdles in western countries. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Food Safety published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- Authors: Allwood, Joanne , Wakeling, Lara , Post, Laurie , Bean, David
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Food Safety Vol. 43, no. 4 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: While established in Asia, rice koji and miso are fermented foods that are becoming more popular in western countries. They have been shown to contain a variety of microorganisms, consisting of bacteria, yeasts, and fungal species. Many contemporary miso varieties are not pasteurized as consumers are looking for more natural products, and/or have the desire to consume fermented foods containing live microorganisms. While correctly prepared fermented foods are rarely associated with food safety outbreaks, incidences have been recorded. On these occasions, pathogenic, or spoilage microorganisms were introduced into the products from external sources such as the raw material or the processing environment. Consequently, hygiene and fermentation conditions need to be carefully monitored to ensure food safety. Furthermore, many of the production steps during koji and miso manufacture do not fit into contemporary food safety guidelines for foods. Although pH is a required food safety hurdle for fermented foods, this does not apply to nonacidic foods such as koji or miso. This review focuses on control of microbial pathogens and discusses the processes of miso fermentation, and how fermentation of rice koji and miso fits with current food safety hurdles in western countries. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Food Safety published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- Surinkaew, Tossaporn, Emami, Kianoush, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Md Rabiul, Islam, Syed
- Authors: Surinkaew, Tossaporn , Emami, Kianoush , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Md Rabiul , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 222, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In future microgrids (MGs), increasing penetration of distributed converter-based resources (DCRs) has inevitably resulted in the problem of inertia scarcity. The interaction, combination, and/or resonance among converter control loops of DCRs, forced inputs, grid parameters, parasitic elements in networks, and system dominant modes can lead to major forced oscillations (FOs). Previous research works mostly focused the problem of FOs on large-scale power systems. However, the effects of FOs in MGs may be more severe than large-scale power systems due to the lower system inertia. With different characteristics of each DCR, conventional FO management methods applied in large-scale power systems may be ineffective. In this paper, a unified AI-framework named hierarchical deep-learning neural network (HiDeNN) is proposed to effectively handle the FOs in a MG with DCRs. To properly managing the FOs, the HiDeNN is divided into three levels for FO detection, identification, and mitigation, respectively. By considering big data produced from DCRs, the HiDeNN is used to solve complicated FO management problems with a low computational demand. By comparison to conventional FO management methods, performances of the proposed HiDeNN are verified in the modified IEEE 13-node feeder with DCRs under various operating points and FO conditions. © 2023
- Kerdphol, Thongchart, Ngamroo, Issarachai, Surinkaew, Tossaporn
- Authors: Kerdphol, Thongchart , Ngamroo, Issarachai , Surinkaew, Tossaporn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Vol. 151, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Effects of forced oscillations (FOs) in well-damped power systems are relatively smaller than those of microgrids (MGs) in which the severity of the FOs may be intensified by converter interfaced generators (CIGs). According to the distinct system characteristics, the FOs in MGs will be challenging problems in future research topics. Without proper controls of the CIGs, the FOs may be exhibited extremely higher amplitude, resulting in the MG instability. Such influences will be exacerbated in a low-inertia MG, which can trigger critical frequency oscillation and system collapse. This paper introduces an extended virtual synchronous generator (VSG) with virtual forced components to attenuate the dynamic FO effects in the presence of a low-inertia MG. Contrastive scenarios, i.e., periodic, combined, full sine, and high-frequency FOs are conducted to validate the performances of VSG control in both stand-alone and interconnected MG environments. Numerical results verify that the extended VSG control provides promising benefits in a low-inertia MG not only for the sake of MG stability improvement but also the further FO suppression. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Formal verification of fraud-resilience in a crowdsourcing consensus protocol
- Afzaal, Hamra, Imran, Muhammad, Janjua, Muhammad
- Authors: Afzaal, Hamra , Imran, Muhammad , Janjua, Muhammad
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers & security Vol. 131, no. (2023), p. 103290
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: •A Trust and Transactions Chain consensus protocol is proposed for a blockchain-based crowdsourcing system.•Communicating Sequential Programs language is utilized for the formal modeling of the proposed consensus protocol.•The properties of no sybil attack, no eclipse attack, and fraud-resilience are defined through Linear Temporal Logic.•Model checking is employed to ensure the correctness of the proposed consensus protocol.•The formal verification is performed by giving the formal model and properties as input to the Process Analysis Toolkit. [Display omitted] Crowdsourcing has emerged as a promising computing paradigm that utilizes human intelligence to achieve complex tasks, but it encounters several security and trust issues. Blockchain is a potential technology that can resolve most of these issues, however, it is difficult to find an appropriate consensus protocol applicable to crowdsourcing systems. Therefore, this work presents a Trust and Transactions Chain (TTC) consensus protocol built upon blockchain technology. It selects a trusted leader and validators considering a trust model which depends on deposit ratio, block generation and validation rate, and waiting rate. The TTC protocol addresses the main challenge of ensuring correctness related to critical systems of crowdsourcing which has extreme significance as their failure can result in disastrous consequences. This work is primarily focused on fraud-resilience avoiding double-spending attack. It also deals with sybil and eclipse attacks. Model checking is exploited because it is effective and automatic to conduct formal verification. The TTC protocol is formally modeled utilizing Communicating Sequential Programs, and the fraud-resilience property is specified using Linear Temporal Logic. The verification of the model is done using Process Analysis Toolkit that takes the formal model and specified properties as input to inspect the properties’ satisfaction or violation. The results of the formal verification are analyzed with respect to the verification time and the number of visited states.
Freeze–thaw resistance and sorptivity of fine-grained alkali-activated cement concrete
- Tekle, Biruk, Ly, Tran, Hertwig, Ludwig, Holschemacher, Klaus
- Authors: Tekle, Biruk , Ly, Tran , Hertwig, Ludwig , Holschemacher, Klaus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Structural Concrete Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p. 4286-4296
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The paper investigates the freeze–thaw resistance and sorptivity behavior of fine-grained alkali-activated concrete cured at ambient temperature. A blended binder system containing fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume was used. A combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate was used as an activator. The freeze–thaw resistance was evaluated based on mass loss (scaling), and the extent of internal damage was assessed by testing the ultrasonic time at different cycles. Initial and secondary sorptivity coefficients were calculated based on the cumulative water absorption values at different time intervals. Alkali content, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, and water to binder ratio were investigated. The experimental results showed that water to binder ratio is the most significant parameter for the scaling; higher ratios result in higher scaling. In terms of internal damage, alkali content is the most significant. The increase of alkali increased the amount of internal damage in the concrete. The initial sorptivity coefficient increased with the water and alkali content and decreased with the silicate content. The secondary sorptivity coefficient showed no significant change with the investigated parameters. © 2022 The Authors. Structural Concrete published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation for Structural Concrete.
- Authors: Tekle, Biruk , Ly, Tran , Hertwig, Ludwig , Holschemacher, Klaus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Structural Concrete Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p. 4286-4296
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The paper investigates the freeze–thaw resistance and sorptivity behavior of fine-grained alkali-activated concrete cured at ambient temperature. A blended binder system containing fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume was used. A combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate was used as an activator. The freeze–thaw resistance was evaluated based on mass loss (scaling), and the extent of internal damage was assessed by testing the ultrasonic time at different cycles. Initial and secondary sorptivity coefficients were calculated based on the cumulative water absorption values at different time intervals. Alkali content, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, and water to binder ratio were investigated. The experimental results showed that water to binder ratio is the most significant parameter for the scaling; higher ratios result in higher scaling. In terms of internal damage, alkali content is the most significant. The increase of alkali increased the amount of internal damage in the concrete. The initial sorptivity coefficient increased with the water and alkali content and decreased with the silicate content. The secondary sorptivity coefficient showed no significant change with the investigated parameters. © 2022 The Authors. Structural Concrete published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation for Structural Concrete.
From impacts to dependencies : a first global assessment of corporate biodiversity risk exposure and responses
- Carvalho, Sergio, Cojoianu, Theodor, Ascui, Francisco
- Authors: Carvalho, Sergio , Cojoianu, Theodor , Ascui, Francisco
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Business Strategy and the Environment Vol. 32, no. 5 (2023), p. 2600-2614
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is growing awareness that biodiversity loss poses a significant risk to the global economy, but a lack of clarity on what this means for corporations, and how they are responding. This study provides a first quantitative assessment of biodiversity risk exposure across the world's largest listed companies, compared with their adoption of biodiversity policies, through analysis of disclosures from a sample of 11,812 companies from 2004 to 2018. We find that companies have started responding strategically to biodiversity risk, with 29% having adopted a biodiversity policy by 2018. However, around $7.2 trillion of total enterprise value remains exposed to unmanaged biodiversity risk. Companies in sectors with material impacts on biodiversity tend to have high levels of response, but there is poorer responsiveness to material biodiversity dependency risks. A natural-capital-based view (NCBV) of the firm is proposed to theorise how corporations are constrained by both their impacts and dependencies on natural capital. © 2022 The Authors. Business Strategy and The Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Carvalho, Sergio , Cojoianu, Theodor , Ascui, Francisco
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Business Strategy and the Environment Vol. 32, no. 5 (2023), p. 2600-2614
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- Description: There is growing awareness that biodiversity loss poses a significant risk to the global economy, but a lack of clarity on what this means for corporations, and how they are responding. This study provides a first quantitative assessment of biodiversity risk exposure across the world's largest listed companies, compared with their adoption of biodiversity policies, through analysis of disclosures from a sample of 11,812 companies from 2004 to 2018. We find that companies have started responding strategically to biodiversity risk, with 29% having adopted a biodiversity policy by 2018. However, around $7.2 trillion of total enterprise value remains exposed to unmanaged biodiversity risk. Companies in sectors with material impacts on biodiversity tend to have high levels of response, but there is poorer responsiveness to material biodiversity dependency risks. A natural-capital-based view (NCBV) of the firm is proposed to theorise how corporations are constrained by both their impacts and dependencies on natural capital. © 2022 The Authors. Business Strategy and The Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Halabi, Abdel, Miley, Frances, Read, Andrew
- Authors: Halabi, Abdel , Miley, Frances , Read, Andrew
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Accounting, auditing, & accountability Vol. 36, no. 5 (2023), p. 1298-1318
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose This research explores the historical nexus between accounting and gender to illuminate male hegemonies within accounting. It examines the nature of that hegemony at the boundary between the female domain of household and philanthropic activities and the male domain of business and finance. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach is used for this historical research. The primary source was digitised newspapers from the National Library of Australia. Newspapers have been used in previous historical accounting research and are relevant in this instance because they provide the only surviving data about the All Nations’ Fair. Given that newspapers were published daily, the depth of coverage is not replicated by other archival sources, and at that time provided a strong community voice. Findings Women undertook the management of and accounting for the All Nations’ Fair, a philanthropic activity designed to rescue the Geelong Cricket and Football Club from its parlous financial position. Despite women undertaking the work, the management of and accounting for, the Fair was attributed to men. This reflects a gendered construction of accounting that overpowers the reality of who undertook the work. Research limitations/implications This research demonstrates only a single example of women’s philanthropic accounting, so is not generalisable. It suggests however that male hegemonies have exerted and continue to exert power over women. Originality/value The value of this paper is that historical examples serve as a corrective to histories that have ignored women’s contribution to accounting, particularly in philanthropic activities. The relationship between women’s accounting and gender also has contemporary significance. Gendered disadvantage and subjugation to a dominant masculine hegemony remain recurring themes in accounting research because they continue to impact adversely on the experiences of many women in accounting.
Geochemical characteristics and structural setting of lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatites of the Dorchap Dyke Swarm, northeast Victoria, Australia
- Hines, Benjamin, Turnbull, D., Ashworth, Luisa, McKnight, Stafford
- Authors: Hines, Benjamin , Turnbull, D. , Ashworth, Luisa , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 70, no. 6 (2023), p. 763-800
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- Description: The Dorchap Dyke Swarm hosts the first recorded occurrence of lithium–caesium–tantalum (LCT) pegmatites in Victoria, Australia. Syn-orogenic emplacement of pegmatite dykes occurred along a northwest-trending shear system during the Benambran Orogeny. Pegmatites are derived from fractionated melt associated with the Mount Wills Granite, which is an S-type, peraluminous granite originating from supracrustal melting of Ordovician sedimentary sequences. A distinct, eastward-oriented fractionation trend across the Dorchap Dyke Swarm has highlighted a 20 × 8 km highly fractionated zone in the northeastern Dorchap Range, which includes spodumene- and petalite-bearing pegmatites. A distinct pattern of elemental enrichment (P > Cs > Be > Nb
- Authors: Hines, Benjamin , Turnbull, D. , Ashworth, Luisa , McKnight, Stafford
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences Vol. 70, no. 6 (2023), p. 763-800
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Dorchap Dyke Swarm hosts the first recorded occurrence of lithium–caesium–tantalum (LCT) pegmatites in Victoria, Australia. Syn-orogenic emplacement of pegmatite dykes occurred along a northwest-trending shear system during the Benambran Orogeny. Pegmatites are derived from fractionated melt associated with the Mount Wills Granite, which is an S-type, peraluminous granite originating from supracrustal melting of Ordovician sedimentary sequences. A distinct, eastward-oriented fractionation trend across the Dorchap Dyke Swarm has highlighted a 20 × 8 km highly fractionated zone in the northeastern Dorchap Range, which includes spodumene- and petalite-bearing pegmatites. A distinct pattern of elemental enrichment (P > Cs > Be > Nb
Germination strategy of chenopodium acuminatum Willd. under Fluctuating Salinity Habitats
- Tian, Yu, Li, Yang, Zhang, Hongxiang, Tennakoon, Kushan, Sun, Zewei
- Authors: Tian, Yu , Li, Yang , Zhang, Hongxiang , Tennakoon, Kushan , Sun, Zewei
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Agronomy Vol. 13, no. 11 (2023), p.
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- Description: Germination events of plants often occur after rainfall in saline environments where the soil salinity is diluted, viz recovery germination. Previous germination studies have rarely considered the duration of exposure to salt stress, and none of them have investigated recovery germination under low-salt concentration, other than in distilled water. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity, exposure duration and low-salt recovery solutions on seed germination of the weed Chenopodium acuminatum to get a clear insight about the germination strategy exhibited by this species in a saline habitat. Seeds were initially exposed to 0–400 mM NaCl for 10, 20 and 30 d. The subsequent recovery experiment was conducted differently. For those initially treated with 100 and 200 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, while for those initially treated with 300 and 400 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, at 50 and 100 mM NaCl. Results showed that the recovery germination percentage and rate significantly decreased when the exposure duration extended. Seeds could subsequently recover to germinate at high percentages at recovery salt solution concentrations for a short duration, but the recovery percentages and rates in high salinity, combined with high exposure duration and relatively high recovery salt concentrations, were remarkably lower. More than 30% of the ungerminated seeds were viable after the recovery experiment. We suggest that Ch. acuminatum exhibits a ‘cautious’ strategy of germination to avoid injury from long-term salt stress and ensure survival for the subsequent continuation of its population under unfavorable saline conditions. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Tian, Yu , Li, Yang , Zhang, Hongxiang , Tennakoon, Kushan , Sun, Zewei
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Agronomy Vol. 13, no. 11 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Germination events of plants often occur after rainfall in saline environments where the soil salinity is diluted, viz recovery germination. Previous germination studies have rarely considered the duration of exposure to salt stress, and none of them have investigated recovery germination under low-salt concentration, other than in distilled water. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity, exposure duration and low-salt recovery solutions on seed germination of the weed Chenopodium acuminatum to get a clear insight about the germination strategy exhibited by this species in a saline habitat. Seeds were initially exposed to 0–400 mM NaCl for 10, 20 and 30 d. The subsequent recovery experiment was conducted differently. For those initially treated with 100 and 200 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, while for those initially treated with 300 and 400 mM NaCl, the recovery solution was distilled water, at 50 and 100 mM NaCl. Results showed that the recovery germination percentage and rate significantly decreased when the exposure duration extended. Seeds could subsequently recover to germinate at high percentages at recovery salt solution concentrations for a short duration, but the recovery percentages and rates in high salinity, combined with high exposure duration and relatively high recovery salt concentrations, were remarkably lower. More than 30% of the ungerminated seeds were viable after the recovery experiment. We suggest that Ch. acuminatum exhibits a ‘cautious’ strategy of germination to avoid injury from long-term salt stress and ensure survival for the subsequent continuation of its population under unfavorable saline conditions. © 2023 by the authors.
Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moghaddam, Sahar, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Rad, Elaheh, Rezaei, Negar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Aali, Amirali, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar, Md Abdullah, Abu, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Adane, Denberu, Adane, Tigist, Addo, Isaac, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Rashid, Tarik, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, oh, oi, oj, ok;, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Momtazmanesh, Sara , Moghaddam, Sahar , Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi , Rad, Elaheh , Rezaei, Negar , Shobeiri, Parnian , Aali, Amirali , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab , Abdelmasseh, Michael , Abdoun, Meriem , Abdulah, Deldar , Md Abdullah, Abu , Abedi, Aidin , Abolhassani, Hassan , Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra , Achappa, Basavaprabhu , Adane, Denberu , Adane, Tigist , Addo, Isaac , Adnan, Mohammad , Adnani, Qorinah , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmadi, Keivan , Ahmed, Ali , Ahmed, Ayman , Rashid, Tarik , Al Hamad, Hanadi , Alahdab, Fares , Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz , oh, oi, oj, ok; , Rahman, Mosiur , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: eClinicalMedicine Vol. 59, no. (2023), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Momtazmanesh, Sara , Moghaddam, Sahar , Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi , Rad, Elaheh , Rezaei, Negar , Shobeiri, Parnian , Aali, Amirali , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab , Abdelmasseh, Michael , Abdoun, Meriem , Abdulah, Deldar , Md Abdullah, Abu , Abedi, Aidin , Abolhassani, Hassan , Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra , Achappa, Basavaprabhu , Adane, Denberu , Adane, Tigist , Addo, Isaac , Adnan, Mohammad , Adnani, Qorinah , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmadi, Keivan , Ahmed, Ali , Ahmed, Ayman , Rashid, Tarik , Al Hamad, Hanadi , Alahdab, Fares , Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz , oh, oi, oj, ok; , Rahman, Mosiur , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: eClinicalMedicine Vol. 59, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively. Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Authors
Global challenges : South African and Australian students’ experiences of emergency remote teaching
- Joubert, Michelle, Larsen, Ana, Magnuson, Bryce, Waldron, David, Sabo, Ellen, Fletcher, Anna
- Authors: Joubert, Michelle , Larsen, Ana , Magnuson, Bryce , Waldron, David , Sabo, Ellen , Fletcher, Anna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice Vol. 20, no. 4 (2023), p.
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- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities worldwide to move their teaching online within an unprecedentedly short timeframe. Whilst the move online learning has increased the reach of tertiary educational delivery it has also raised significant issues of equity, accessibility and student engagement. This includes concerns around access to technology and reliable internet connectivity, academic and digital literacy, and other factors such as mental health and work-life balance. This paper examines two studies of student engagement with online learning during 2020 when then pandemic began. One study was conducted in South Africa the other in a small regional university in South-Eastern Australia. A mixed method approach was used in both studies and then student responses were analysed using the student engagement framework presented by Kahu and Nelson (2018). A key focus in this analysis is the critical importance the educational interface and shared mutually formative experience of learning between students and universities. Findings show that despite the two different contexts, student concerns around digital literacy and engagement in an online learning environment share many similarities. © 2023, University of Wollongong. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Joubert, Michelle , Larsen, Ana , Magnuson, Bryce , Waldron, David , Sabo, Ellen , Fletcher, Anna
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice Vol. 20, no. 4 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic forced universities worldwide to move their teaching online within an unprecedentedly short timeframe. Whilst the move online learning has increased the reach of tertiary educational delivery it has also raised significant issues of equity, accessibility and student engagement. This includes concerns around access to technology and reliable internet connectivity, academic and digital literacy, and other factors such as mental health and work-life balance. This paper examines two studies of student engagement with online learning during 2020 when then pandemic began. One study was conducted in South Africa the other in a small regional university in South-Eastern Australia. A mixed method approach was used in both studies and then student responses were analysed using the student engagement framework presented by Kahu and Nelson (2018). A key focus in this analysis is the critical importance the educational interface and shared mutually formative experience of learning between students and universities. Findings show that despite the two different contexts, student concerns around digital literacy and engagement in an online learning environment share many similarities. © 2023, University of Wollongong. All rights reserved.
Global diversity and antimicrobial resistance of typhoid fever pathogens : insights from a meta-analysis of 13,000 Salmonella Typhi genomes
- Carey, Megan, Dyson, Zoe, Ingle, Danielle, Amir, Afreenish, Aworh, Mabel, Chattaway, Marie, Chew, Ka, Crump, John, Feasey, Nicholas, Howden, Benjamin, Keddy, Karen, Maes, Mailis, Parry, Christopher, Van Puyvelde, Sandra, Webb, Hattie, Afolayan, Ayorinde, Alexander, Anna, Anandan, Shalini, Andrews, Jason, Ashton, Philip, Basnyat, Buddha, Bavdekar, Ashish, Bogoch, Isaac, Clemens, John, da Silva, Kesia, De, Anuradha, de Ligt, Joep, Diaz Guevara, Paula, Dolecek, Christiane, Greenhill, Andrew
- Authors: Carey, Megan , Dyson, Zoe , Ingle, Danielle , Amir, Afreenish , Aworh, Mabel , Chattaway, Marie , Chew, Ka , Crump, John , Feasey, Nicholas , Howden, Benjamin , Keddy, Karen , Maes, Mailis , Parry, Christopher , Van Puyvelde, Sandra , Webb, Hattie , Afolayan, Ayorinde , Alexander, Anna , Anandan, Shalini , Andrews, Jason , Ashton, Philip , Basnyat, Buddha , Bavdekar, Ashish , Bogoch, Isaac , Clemens, John , da Silva, Kesia , De, Anuradha , de Ligt, Joep , Diaz Guevara, Paula , Dolecek, Christiane , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: eLife Vol. 12, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. Results: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (=3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has becomedominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. Conclusions: The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. © Carey et al. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Andrew Greenhill” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Carey, Megan , Dyson, Zoe , Ingle, Danielle , Amir, Afreenish , Aworh, Mabel , Chattaway, Marie , Chew, Ka , Crump, John , Feasey, Nicholas , Howden, Benjamin , Keddy, Karen , Maes, Mailis , Parry, Christopher , Van Puyvelde, Sandra , Webb, Hattie , Afolayan, Ayorinde , Alexander, Anna , Anandan, Shalini , Andrews, Jason , Ashton, Philip , Basnyat, Buddha , Bavdekar, Ashish , Bogoch, Isaac , Clemens, John , da Silva, Kesia , De, Anuradha , de Ligt, Joep , Diaz Guevara, Paula , Dolecek, Christiane , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: eLife Vol. 12, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. Results: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (=3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has becomedominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. Conclusions: The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. © Carey et al. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Andrew Greenhill” is provided in this record**