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Actors and avatars : why learners prefer digital agents

- Donovan, Paul

  • Authors: Donovan, Paul
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: European Journal of Training and Development Vol. 39, no. 9 (2015), p. 738-768
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  • Description: Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare learner experiences of recorded instructional videos (DVDs) with Machinima. Design/methodology/approach – In this exploratory study, sets of learning sequences in management skills training were delivered to 32 learners using both methods, and learner reactions were gathered using post-event interviews. Findings – Analysis of learner responses showed that participants prefer Machinima as a learning delivery mechanism. Participants also reported being better able to concentrate on the message of the Machinima learning sequences. Research limitations/implications – The sample was not representative, being a convenience sample derived by open invitation from cohorts of two master’s degree programmes conducted at the School of Business, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare. The age range of the participants was significantly skewed toward a younger age grouping. No learning test was given to assess the teaching efficacy of the methods. Implications for practice include using Machinima to model desirable behaviours to trainees. Future research should extend the research to other settings. Practical implications – Research should be considered into the potential for Machinima to be considered as a replacement for DVD in management training. Sufficient encouragement arises from this study to suggest that Machinima contains none of the distractions of DVD that are recorded in this study. In addition, many organisations seek to utilise training materials with diverse audiences. Originality/value – Originality of the study stems from the potential replacement of DVD with Machinima in learning. © 2015, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Addressing the complexities of big data analytics in healthcare : The diabetes screening case

- De Silva, Daswin, Burstein, Frada, Jelinek, Herbert, Stranieri, Andrew

  • Authors: De Silva, Daswin , Burstein, Frada , Jelinek, Herbert , Stranieri, Andrew
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Information Systems Vol. 19, no. (2015), p. S99-S115
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  • Description: The healthcare industry generates a high throughput of medical, clinical and omics data of varying complexity and features. Clinical decision-support is gaining widespread attention as medical institutions and governing bodies turn towards better management of this data for effective and efficient healthcare delivery and quality assured outcomes. Amass of data across all stages, from disease diagnosis to palliative care, is further indication of the opportunities and challenges to effective data management, analysis, prediction and optimization techniques as parts of knowledge management in clinical environments. Big Data analytics (BDA) presents the potential to advance this industry with reforms in clinical decision-support and translational research. However, adoption of big data analytics has been slow due to complexities posed by the nature of healthcare data. The success of these systems is hard to predict, so further research is needed to provide a robust framework to ensure investment in BDA is justified. In this paper we investigate these complexities from the perspective of updated Information Systems (IS) participation theory. We present a case study on a large diabetes screening project to integrate, converge and derive expedient insights from such an accumulation of data and make recommendations for a successful BDA implementation grounded in a participatory framework and the specificities of big data in healthcare context. © 2015 De Silva, Burstein, Jelinek, Stranieri.

Analysis of education and practical relevance of project management topics in New Zealand

- Gunawan, Indra

  • Authors: Gunawan, Indra
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Project Organisation and Management Vol. 7, no. 2 (2015), p. 174-183
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  • Description: The objective of this paper is to analyse the education of project management (PM) and its practical relevance in New Zealand. The research has been done through a survey analysis of PM practitioners and academics. The PM practitioners were asked which PM topics are widely used in the industry. The academics were also asked through a parallel survey which PM topics are considered important at a tertiary level and taught to students. It can be seen from the results that contemporary education of PM has improved vastly and is relevant with its practice. The findings are important for both practitioners and academics to identify the gap between project management education and industry needs. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Developing a Framework for Ethical Leadership

- Lawton, Alan, Páez, Illiana

  • Authors: Lawton, Alan , Páez, Illiana
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Business Ethics Vol. 130, no. 3 (2015), p. 639-649
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  • Description: Interest in ethical leadership from academics and practitioners has grown enormously in recent years. This article addresses this literature through a framework that identifies three interlocking questions. First, who are ethical leaders and what are their characteristics? Second, how do ethical leaders do what they do? Third, why do leaders do as they do and what are the outcomes of ethical leadership? Different dimensions to ethical leadership are examined and presented as three interlocking circles; Virtues, Purposes and Practices. This framework presents an integrated approach to ethical leadership and argues that future research take this holistic framework and apply it to different sectors or contexts. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Increasing the usefulness of farm financial information and management: A qualitative study from the accountant’s perspective

- Halabi, Abdel, Carroll, Brendan

  • Authors: Halabi, Abdel , Carroll, Brendan
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal Vol. 10, no. 3 (2015), p. 227-242
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  • Description: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how farm management and farm accounting may be improved from the accountant’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach – There has been a dearth of qualitative studies examining accountant’s attitudes to financial reports. This study therefore interviews 13 rural accountants regarding their opinions on the usefulness of financial information they provide to farmers, and what types of financial information could aid farm management. Findings – Accountants generally agree that the present financial reports provided to farmers are of little decision-making value, since they are made for the purposes of compliance. In response, the accountants suggest a number of management accounting reports can better aid farmers. Practical implications – Accountants are important to the success of farms, yet in-depth responses have not previously been sought on the reports that accountants produce for farmers. This research provides accountants’ opinions on how reports could be more useful for farmers and how more focused management accounting reports can assist decision-making. Originality/value – The qualitative approach used in this research provides a fresh and richer perspective on the usefulness of accounting to farm management. Interviewing the adviser rather than the business owner is relatively uncommon in agricultural organisations. The interviews have allowed the thoughts and concerns of accountants to come to light in a manner not previously achieved in organisational studies which relate farming and accounting.

Integrating public health and sport management : Sport participation trends 2001-2010

- Eime, Rochelle, Sawyer, Neroli, Harvey, Jack, Casey, Meghan, Westerbeek, Hans, Payne, Warren

  • Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Sawyer, Neroli , Harvey, Jack , Casey, Meghan , Westerbeek, Hans , Payne, Warren
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sport Management Review Vol. 18, no. 2 (2015), p. 207-217
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  • Description: In order to inform strategies to increase levels of physical activity (PA) for a healthier society, it is important to understand participation trends in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Little is known about the context of LTPA participation, particularly from the perspective of "sport and recreation" (S&R) categories such as organised and club-based activities. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to the sport management literature by specifically examining PA participation levels and trends in Australia over a decade, for those aged 15 years and older, through the lens of S&R. This paper also discusses the potential synergy between the public health and sport management domains with regard to LTPA/S&R. The Australian Sports Commission provided data from the Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS), a population survey conducted quarterly from 2001 to 2010 by computer-assisted telephone interview. Participation in LTPA was analysed by year, gender and age, in three hierarchically related categories: (1) any LTPA participation, (2) participation in an organised context, and (3) organised participation in a club. Participation rates in any LTPA increased significantly over the decade. However, this was not matched by increases in organised and/or club participation, which largely remained steady over the 10-year period. Much of the organised participation was within a club setting, and participation in this context is more likely among males than females. There is some evidence that the overall level of LTPA is increasing, which is positive for health, but there was generally no increase in club-based participation, resulting in sport contributing relatively less to overall population LTPA. However, the depth of information available from population surveys regarding club-based LTPA is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions, or make important strategic decisions about sport and health policy. There is a critical need for more comprehensive sport participation data to provide the evidence for improved programme and policy development. An avenue for this to occur may be through the integration of participation data from peak sport organisations. (C) 2014 Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

John Maynard Keynes and the Keynes of the Commonwealth, Douglas Copland

- Millmow, Alex

  • Authors: Millmow, Alex
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Economic History Review Vol. 55, no. 1 (2015), p. 1-19
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  • Description: When Douglas Copland of the University of Melbourne was about to go abroad in 1933, a leading Australian businessman, Herbert Gepp, hailed him as the 'Keynes of the Commonwealth'. Gepp was referring to Copland's contributions to Australian economic policy, not that of the British Commonwealth, but there were similarities between Copland and John Maynard Keynes. In full flight, Copland impressed his compatriots with his prodigious work ethic, networking skills, persuasive powers with policy-makers, and practice of popularising economics in order to effect stabilisation policy. For a short time, there were two Keynes, one at the centre, the other at the periphery. © 2015 Economic History Society of Australia and New Zealand and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Learning and development expertise: an Australian analysis

- Hodge, Steven, Harvey, Jack

  • Authors: Hodge, Steven , Harvey, Jack
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Training and Development Vol. 19, no. 4 (2015), p. 270-286
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  • Description: Learning and development (&) practitioners draw on a distinctive range of knowledge, skills and techniques in their work. Over the years, there have been attempts to capture this range and identify typical & roles. The research presented here was undertaken to identify characteristic areas of expertise () of & practice in ustralia, and to collect data about roles and organizational settings in which these are deployed. The research was commissioned by the Australian Institute of training and development. Literature relating to & was consulted, and Australian & experts were interviewed to draft a list of &. Responses to a survey by 589 Australian & practitioners were used to appraise the model. A principal components analysis of perceptions of the importance of the different types of expertise revealed that practitioners tended to rate one of three ‘clusters’ as important to their work: a strategy and analysis cluster, a learning facilitation cluster and a design and systems cluster. This analysis raises the question of contemporary & roles with implications for strategic policy and professional associations. The typology may be utilized to target professional & activities, and provides impetus for further research to investigate the internal relationships between cluster components.
  • Description: Learning and development (&) practitioners draw on a distinctive range of knowledge, skills and techniques in their work. Over the years, there have been attempts to capture this range and identify typical & roles. The research presented here was undertaken to identify characteristic areas of expertise () of & practice in ustralia, and to collect data about roles and organizational settings in which these are deployed. The research was commissioned by the ustralian nstitute of raining and evelopment. Literature relating to & was consulted, and ustralian & experts were interviewed to draft a list of &. Responses to a survey by 589 ustralian & practitioners were used to appraise the model. A principal components analysis of perceptions of the importance of the different types of expertise revealed that practitioners tended to rate one of three ‘clusters’ as important to their work: a strategy and analysis cluster, a learning facilitation cluster and a design and systems cluster. This analysis raises the question of contemporary & roles with implications for strategic policy and professional associations. The typology may be utilized to target professional & activities, and provides impetus for further research to investigate the internal relationships between cluster components.

Microfoundations and Marxism

- King, John E.

  • Authors: King, John E.
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Economic and Labour Relations Review Vol. 26, no. 4 (2015), p. 652-659
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  • Description: The 'microfoundations' metaphor had been used by mainstream macroeconomists with the intention of explaining macroeconomics in terms of microeconomics, or more precisely in terms of statements about individuals, viewed as representative agents with rational expectations who maximise lifetime utility, subject to shocks within a general equilibrium framework. Of the three reasons for rejecting this explanatory strategy, the focus here is on downward causation. Although individuals are heavily influenced by society, their decisions and behaviour are not sufficient as the explanatory foundations for a macrotheory. © The Author(s) 2015.

Modelling the reasons for the use of vocational training in Australian enterprises

- Smith, Andy, Oczkowski, Edward

  • Authors: Smith, Andy , Oczkowski, Edward
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources Vol. 53, no. 3 (2015), p. 370-385
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  • Description: This paper analyses a unique data set to examine the determinants of the explicit reasons employers give for training employees in Australia. The nature of the data requires the use of multinomial logit methods to uncover how certain strategic, recruitment and organizational variables impact on the reasons employers provide for their training choices. The results highlight the complexity of training decision-making in enterprises and show that numerous reasons are cited by employers for undertaking training. The most commonly identified training drivers relate to training strategy variables capturing the status of the organization as a registered training organization (RTO), the use of a business plan and strategic importance of training. In contrast, the relatively least important drivers are the level of staff permanence, occupational structure, occupational status and the number of employees. The complexity of training decisions suggests that policy-makers should be cautious in following generic and simple solutions in trying to promote employer training. © 2014 Australian Human Resources Institute.

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Support for a bifactor model with a dominant general factor and a specific factor for positive affect

- Gomez, Rapson, McLaren, Suzanne

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Assessment Vol. 22, no. 3 (2015), p. 351-360
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  • Description: Objectives: For the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) ratings, the study examined support for a bifactor model, and also the internal consistency reliability and external validity of the factors in this model. Method: Participants (N = 1,178) were older adults from the general community who completed the CES-D. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of their ratings indicated support for the bifactor model. For this model, the general factor explained most of the covariance in the scores of the CES-D items for Depressed Affect, Somatic Symptoms and Retarded Activity, and Interpersonal Difficulties items. Most of the covariance in the scores of the Positive Affect (PA) scale was explained by its own specific factor. Additional analyses showed support for internal consistencies and external validities of general factors based on all the CES-D items, and when PA items were excluded, and also the PA-specific factor. Discussion: The findings support the use of a total CES-D score without the PA items and also the concurrent use of the PA scale score. © The Author(s) 2014.

A consumer definition of store convenience (finally)

- Reimers, Vaughan

  • Authors: Reimers, Vaughan
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management Vol. 42, no. 4 (2014), p. 315-333
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  • Description: Purpose: Despite an increasingly convenience-oriented society, very few empirical studies have identified convenience as a salient determinant of store patronage. Such atypical findings could be due to the way in which academics have defined store convenience. The purpose of this study is to empirically develop an alternative definition of store convenience. Design/methodology/approach: A household mail-out survey was used to identify the attributes consumers associate with store convenience. Findings: Empirical analysis provides strong support for the alternative definition, with respondents indicating that 25 of the test attributes serve as convenience attributes in the context of a department store. Practical implications: In spite of the many things a store manager can do to make their store more convenient, academic studies have recognised very few of these as convenience attributes. This study provides store managers with a list of 25 tools they have at their disposal to help save their customers' time and effort and help combat the internet threat. Originality/value: Comprising 25 attributes, the alternative definition represents a significant increase over any existing definition. The failure of existing definitions to incorporate so many of these attributes may explain why academic research has suggested that, in an era of convenience, convenience itself is a less-than-salient determinant of store patronage. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

An empirical evaluation of the potential of public e-procurement to reduce corruption

- Neupane, Arjun, Soar, Jeffrey, Vaidya, Kishor

  • Authors: Neupane, Arjun , Soar, Jeffrey , Vaidya, Kishor
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Information Systems Vol. 18, no. 2 (2014), p. 21-44
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  • Description: One of the significant potential benefits of e-procurement technology is reducing opportunities for corruption in public procurement processes. The authors identified anticorruption capabilities of e-procurement through an extensive literature review and a theoretical model representing the impact of three latent variables: monopoly of power, information asymmetry, and transparency and accountability upon the dependent variable, the intent-to-adopt e-procurement. This research was guided by the Principal- Agent theory and collected the perceptions of 46 government officers of the potential of public e-procurement to reduce corruption in public procurement processes. Results were analysed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The findings suggest that the intent-to-adopt e-procurement has a positive and significant relationship with the independent variables that might inform developing countries in strategies to combat corruption in public procurement.

Australasian university management, gender and life course issues

- Neale, Jenny, White, Kate

  • Authors: Neale, Jenny , White, Kate
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Vol. 33, no. 4 (2014), p. 384-395
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  • Description: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues arising for women and men in senior management in New Zealand and Australian universities where life course and career trajectories intersect, and analyses how the stereotypical masculinist culture of universities can create additional problems for women. Design/methodology/approach - The data presented here comes from 47 interviews undertaken with women (27) and men (20) senior managers - a total of 26 interviews from New Zealand universities and 21 from Australian universities. "Senior Management" was defined in this study as those academic managers with university wide responsibilities, who were currently in senior management positions. Findings - Life-course issues for women aspiring to senior management roles in universities are framed around hegemonic constructions of masculinity; notions of academic careers subsuming personal life in professional roles; and structural constraints making rational choice impossible for many women. Furthermore, the excessive hours worked in such roles equate with the definition of extreme jobs. The paper concludes that the way in which women and men in senior HE endeavour to balance work and family life differs but creates issues for them both. Research limitations/implications - The structure and operation of Australian and New Zealand universities make gender diversity and management difficult to operationalise, given the competing imperatives of work and other life course trajectories. It is crucial to reframe life course and career intersections are conceptualised to ensure that diversity can be maximised. Originality/value - This paper focuses on women and men in senior management positions in New Zealand and Australian universities, but the findings can be generalised to other countries with HE systems based on the British University model. In discussing how institutional culture affects the intersection of career and life course trajectories, this paper highlights the detrimental outcomes for individuals and the resultant lack of diversity in the sector. Copyright © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.

Australasian university management, gender and life course issues

- Neale, Jenny, White, Kate

  • Authors: Neale, Jenny , White, Kate
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Vol. 33, no. 4 (2014), p. 384-395
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  • Description: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues arising for women and men in senior management in New Zealand and Australian universities where life course and career trajectories intersect, and analyses how the stereotypical masculinist culture of universities can create additional problems for women. Design/methodology/approach - The data presented here comes from 47 interviews undertaken with women (27) and men (20) senior managers - a total of 26 interviews from New Zealand universities and 21 from Australian universities. "Senior Management" was defined in this study as those academic managers with university wide responsibilities, who were currently in senior management positions. Findings - Life-course issues for women aspiring to senior management roles in universities are framed around hegemonic constructions of masculinity; notions of academic careers subsuming personal life in professional roles; and structural constraints making rational choice impossible for many women. Furthermore, the excessive hours worked in such roles equate with the definition of extreme jobs. The paper concludes that the way in which women and men in senior HE endeavour to balance work and family life differs but creates issues for them both. Research limitations/implications - The structure and operation of Australian and New Zealand universities make gender diversity and management difficult to operationalise, given the competing imperatives of work and other life course trajectories. It is crucial to reframe life course and career intersections are conceptualised to ensure that diversity can be maximised. Originality/value - This paper focuses on women and men in senior management positions in New Zealand and Australian universities, but the findings can be generalised to other countries with HE systems based on the British University model. In discussing how institutional culture affects the intersection of career and life course trajectories, this paper highlights the detrimental outcomes for individuals and the resultant lack of diversity in the sector.

Boards of directors in New Zealand: What do they reveal about governance?

- Wells, Philippa, Mueller, Jens

  • Authors: Wells, Philippa , Mueller, Jens
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Business and Globalisation Vol. 12, no. 3 (2014), p. 334-357
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  • Description: The debate around corporate governance has been particularly vigorous in this part of the 21st century. Theoretical frameworks have been tested by spectacular corporate failures that also raise questions as to the effectiveness of different approaches. Empirical, contextually-based research into how governance theory informs practice assists in understanding these questions. This paper explores findings from empirical research conducted into the make-up of boards of directors in New Zealand, an export focused economy dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises. These findings are revealing in demonstrating that despite the challenges faced by the New Zealand industry in a volatile global environment, the skill-sets and other characteristics present in, and sought from, directors appear to be both narrow and traditional. However, there is also evidence to suggest shifting expectations and requirements are to some extent and will continue to propel change in both boards and in contributions expected of individual directors.

Co-morbid depression and chronic illness related to coping and physical and mental health status

- Di Benedetto, Mirella, Lindner, Helen, Aucote, Helen, Churcher, Jacqui, McKenzie, Stephen, Croning, Natalie, Jenkins, Erin

  • Authors: Di Benedetto, Mirella , Lindner, Helen , Aucote, Helen , Churcher, Jacqui , McKenzie, Stephen , Croning, Natalie , Jenkins, Erin
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology, Health and Medicine Vol. 19, no. 3 (May 2014 2014), p. 253-262
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  • Description: A partial latent structural regression analysis was used to evaluate the role of coping resources, depression, diet and exercise on mental and physical health status. The sample consisted of 113 participants (59 females and 54 males) with a mean age of 59.38 years (SD = 10.52). Coping resources, depression and exercise explained 52 and 26% of the variance in mental and physical health status, respectively. Fewer coping resources predicted higher levels of depression and both predicted worse mental health. Only higher levels of depression predicted worse physical health status. There were also significant indirect effects of coping on mental and physical health status through depression. The development of cognitive, social and emotional coping strategies is important for managing depression and supporting positive mental health. These results highlight the important role of health psychologists in the care of individuals with chronic illness. Additionally, the management of depression is important in maintaining positive physical health.

Confirmatory factor analysis, latent profile analysis, and factor mixture modeling of the syndromes of the child behavior checklist and teacher report form

- Gomez, Rapson, Vance, Alasdair

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 26, no. 4 (2014), p. 1307-1316
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  • Description: The current study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), latent profile analysis (LPA), and factor mixture modeling (FMM) to examine the co-occurrence of the childhood syndromes using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Parents and teachers completed the CBCL and TRF, respectively, for a clinic-referred sample of 720 children, ages 7-12 years. For the CBCL, the analyses indicated most support a 2-class 2-factor FMM, and for the TRF, there was most support for a 2-class 3-factor model. The classes were all syndromes at average levels and all syndromes at high levels. The findings indicate high syndrome co-occurrence. The implications of the findings for understanding syndrome co-occurrence in the CBCL and TRF, theories of syndrome co-occurrence, and the clinical use of the CBCL and TRF are discussed.

Correlated trait-correlated method minus one analysis of the convergent and discriminant validities of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire

- Gomez, Rapson

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Assessment Vol. 21, no. 3 (2014), p. 372-382
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  • Description: This study used the correlated trait-correlated method minus one model to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The SDQ scales are emotional symptoms (ES), conduct problems (CP), hyperactivity (HY), peer problems (PP), and prosocial behaviors (PS). A total of 202 adolescents provided self-ratings and were also rated by their mothers and teachers. The findings indicated support for convergent validity for all five SDQ scales for all three respondents. Generally there was more convergence between mother-adolescent ratings than mother-teacher and adolescent-teacher ratings, especially for ES and PP. There was support for the discriminant validity between the traits in all scales, except between CP and HY. The findings are discussed in relation to the construct validity and clinical use of the SDQ.

Depression anxiety stress scales-21 : Measurement and structural invariance across ratings of men and women

- Gomez, Rapson, Summers, Mathew, Summers, Avril, Wolf, Anna, Summers, Jeff

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Summers, Mathew , Summers, Avril , Wolf, Anna , Summers, Jeff
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Assessment Vol. 21, no. 4 (2014), p. 418-426
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  • Description: The current study examined the measurement and structural invariance of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) across ratings provided by men (N = 227) and women (N = 460). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported full metric invariance and intercepts invariance for 20 of the 21 items. Invariance for all item intercepts was supported by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedure that controlled for the effects of age. Multiple-group CFA supported invariance for all factor variances and covariances. This procedure and the MIMIC analyses found equivalency for all latent mean scores. These findings indicate good support for measurement and structural invariance of the DASS-21 rating across men and women. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.