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Process state synchronization-based application execution management for mobile edge/cloud computing

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Naveed, Anjum, Gani, Abdullah, Hamid, Siti, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Naveed, Anjum , Gani, Abdullah , Hamid, Siti , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 91, no. (2019), p. 579-589
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  • Description: Mobile cloud computing (MCC) and mobile edge computing (MEC) facilitate the mobile devices to augment their capabilities by utilizing the resources and services offered by Cloud and Edge Cloud, respectively. However, due to mobility, network connection becomes unstable that causes application execution disruption. Such disruption increases the execution time and in some cases restrain the mobile devices from getting execution results from the cloud. This research work analyzes the impact of user mobility on the execution of cloud-based mobile applications. We propose a Process State Synchronization (PSS)-based execution management to solve the aforementioned problem. We analytically compute a sufficient condition on synchronization interval that ensure reduction in mobile application execution time under PSS in case of disconnection. Similarly, we compute the upper bound on synchronization interval whereby a larger synchronization interval did not result in significant benefits in terms of execution time for the mobile application. The analytical results were confirmed by the sample implementation of PSS with the computed synchronization intervals. Moreover, we also compare the performance of proposed solution with the state-of-the-art solutions. The results show that the PSS-based execution outperforms the other contemporary solutions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Recent advances and challenges in mobile big data

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Hashem, Ibrahim, Shuja, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Hashem, Ibrahim , Shuja, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56, no. 2 (2018), p. 102-108
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  • Description: The unabated flurry of research activities dedicated to gaining business insights from a flood of data generated by heterogeneous mobile sources, such as the Internet of Vehicles, sensors, and smartphones, has instigated a new research domain called MBD. At the core of this mobile environment, scalability, cost effectiveness, reliability, analytics, and security are important concerns. Coping with these issues in handling MBD requires understanding the challenges associated with it. Mobile computing and big data have been widely studied separately; however, very few studies have explored the convergence of these two domains. In this article, we critically review recent research efforts directed at MBD. We also classify the MBD by devising a thematic taxonomy that is based on source, analytics, applications, characteristics, security, and data type. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities offered by MBD in terms of analytics. Some potential uses of MBD in healthcare, telecommunication, digital advertising, and transportation are also presented. Several open research challenges are discussed as future research directions. © 1979-2012 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Bringing Computation Closer toward the User Network: Is Edge Computing the Solution?

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Ahmed, Arif, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Shuja, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Ahmed, Arif , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Shuja, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55, no. 11 (2017), p. 138-144
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  • Description: The virtually unlimited available resources and wide range of services provided by the cloud have resulted in the emergence of new cloud-based applications, such as smart grids, smart building control, and virtual reality. These developments, however, have also been accompanied by a problem for delay-sensitive applications that have stringent delay requirements. The current cloud computing paradigm cannot realize the requirements of mobility support, location awareness, and low latency. Hence, to address the problem, an edge computing paradigm that aims to extend the cloud resources and services and enable them to be nearer the edge of an enterprise's network has been introduced. In this article, we highlight the significance of edge computing by providing real-life scenarios that have strict constraint requirements on application response time. From the previous literature, we devise a taxonomy to classify the current research efforts in the domain of edge computing. We also discuss the key requirements that enable edge computing. Finally, current challenges in realizing the vision of edge computing are discussed. © 1979-2012 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “ Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

The role of big data analytics in internet of things

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Hashem, Ibrahim, Khan, Imran, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Hashem, Ibrahim , Khan, Imran , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computer Networks Vol. 129, no. (2017), p. 459-471
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  • Description: The explosive growth in the number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) and the exponential increase in data consumption only reflect how the growth of big data perfectly overlaps with that of IoT. The management of big data in a continuously expanding network gives rise to non-trivial concerns regarding data collection efficiency, data processing, analytics, and security. To address these concerns, researchers have examined the challenges associated with the successful deployment of IoT. Despite the large number of studies on big data, analytics, and IoT, the convergence of these areas creates several opportunities for flourishing big data and analytics for IoT systems. In this paper, we explore the recent advances in big data analytics for IoT systems as well as the key requirements for managing big data and for enabling analytics in an IoT environment. We taxonomized the literature based on important parameters. We identify the opportunities resulting from the convergence of big data, analytics, and IoT as well as discuss the role of big data analytics in IoT applications. Finally, several open challenges are presented as future research directions. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Green industrial networking : recent advances, taxonomy, and open research challenges

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Ahmed, Ahmed, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Sghaier

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Ahmed, Ahmed , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Sghaier
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 54, no. 10 (2016), p. 38-45
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  • Description: The consciousness of environmental problems has attracted the industry's attention toward the reduction of unnecessary energy emission by enabling green industrial networking. The reduction of unnecessary energy emitted by industrial networks can be a possible solution to many environmental issues. Green industrial networking is in its infancy, and an overview of the domain is still lacking. In this article, we discuss recent advances in industrial and green networking paradigms to investigate the impact on global communities. We also classify the literature by devising a taxonomy based on networking technologies, machines, network types, topologies, field bus types, transmission media, and hierarchical levels. Moreover, we identify and discuss key enablers (adaptive links, resource-based energy conservation, energy-efficient scheduling, energy-aware systems, energy-aware proxying, energy-conservative approaches, and low-power wireless protocols) for green industrial networking. Furthermore, we discuss challenges that remain to be addressed as future research directions. © 2016 IEEE.

Internet-of-things-based smart environments : state of the art, taxonomy, and open research challenges

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 23, no. 5 (2016), p. 10-16
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  • Description: The rapid advancements in communication technologies and the explosive growth of the Internet of Things have enabled the physical world to invisibly interweave with actuators, sensors, and other computational elements while maintaining continuous network connectivity. The continuously connected physical world with computational elements forms a smart environment. A smart environment aims to support and enhance the abilities of its dwellers in executing their tasks, such as navigating through unfamiliar space and moving heavy objects for the elderly, to name a few. Researchers have conducted a number of efforts to use IoT to facilitate our lives and to investigate the effect of IoT-based smart environments on human life. This article surveys the state-of-the-art research efforts to enable IoT-based smart environments. We categorize and classify the literature by devising a taxonomy based on communication enablers, network types, technologies, local area wireless standards, objectives, and characteristics. Moreover, the article highlights the unprecedented opportunities brought about by IoT-based smart environments and their effect on human life. Some reported case studies from different enterprises are also presented. Finally, we discuss open research challenges for enabling IoT-based smart environments. © 2016 IEEE.

Social-aware resource allocation and optimization for D2D communication

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Gani, Abdullah, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Gani, Abdullah , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Wireless Communications Vol. 24, no. 3 (2017), p. 122-129
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  • Description: The undiminished growth of research activities to converge social awareness with D2D communication has paved the way for facilitating and providing significant benefits to users. Realizing these benefits depends on efficiently addressing several main technical challenges associated with the convergence. Although there are many research studies related to social networks and D2D communication, convergence of these two areas leads to further research efforts to implement social-aware D2D communication. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the domain of D2D communication from the perspective of social-aware resource allocation and optimization. We also categorize and classify the literature by devising a taxonomy based on channel-centric attributes, objectives, solving approaches, networking technologies, characteristics, and communication types. Moreover, we also outline the key requirements with the aim of providing guidelines for the domain researchers and designers to enable the social-aware resource allocation for D2D communication. Several open research challenges are presented as future research directions. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

A novel collaborative IoD-assisted VANET approach for coverage area maximization

- Ahmed, Gamil, Sheltami, Tarek, Mahmoud, Ashraf, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Gamil , Sheltami, Tarek , Mahmoud, Ashraf , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 61211-61223
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  • Description: Internet of Drones (IoD) is an efficient technique that can be integrated with vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) to provide terrestrial communications by acting as an aerial relay when terrestrial infrastructure is unreliable or unavailable. To fully exploit the drones' flexibility and superiority, we propose a novel dynamic IoD collaborative communication approach for urban VANETs. Unlike most of the existing approaches, the IoD nodes are dynamically deployed based on current locations of ground vehicles to effectively mitigate inevitable isolated cars in conventional VANETs. For efficiently coordinating IoD, we model IoD to optimize coverage based on the location of vehicles. The goal is to obtain an efficient IoD deployment to maximize the number of covered vehicles, i.e., minimize the number of isolated vehicles in the target area. More importantly, the proposed approach provides sufficient interconnections between IoD nodes. To do so, an improved version of succinct population-based meta-heuristic, namely Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) inspired by food searching behavior of birds or fishes flock, is implemented for IoD assisted VANET (IoDAV). Moreover, the coverage, received signal quality, and IoD connectivity are achieved by IPSO's objective function for optimal IoD deployment at the same time. We carry out an extensive experiment based on the received signal at floating vehicles to examine the proposed IoDAV performance. We compare the results with the baseline VANET with no IoD (NIoD) and Fixed IoD assisted (FIoD). The comparisons are based on the coverage percentage of the ground vehicles and the quality of the received signal. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IoDAV approach allows finding the optimal IoD positions throughout the time based on the vehicle's movements and achieves better coverage and better quality of the received signal by finding the most appropriate IoD position compared with NIoD and FIoD schemes. © 2013 IEEE.

Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells : Perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells

- Ahmed, Nuzhat, Escalona, Ruth, Leung, Dilys, Chan, Emily, Kannourakis, George

  • Authors: Ahmed, Nuzhat , Escalona, Ruth , Leung, Dilys , Chan, Emily , Kannourakis, George
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Seminars in Cancer Biology Vol. 53, no. (2018), p. 265-281
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  • Description: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub-population of tumour cells, which are responsible to drive tumour growth, metastasis and therapy resistance. It has recently been proposed that enhanced glucose metabolism and immune evasion by tumour cells are linked, and are modulated by the changing tumour microenvironment (TME) that creates a competition for nutrient consumption between tumour and different sub-types of cells attracted to the TME. To facilitate efficient nutrient distribution, oncogene-induced inflammatory milieu in the tumours facilitate adaptive metabolic changes in the surrounding non-malignant cells to secrete metabolites that are used as alternative nutrient sources by the tumours to sustain its increasing energy needs for growth and anabolic functions. This scenario also affects CSCs residing at the primary or metastatic niches. This review summarises recent advances in our understanding of the metabolic phenotypes of cancer cells and CSCs and how these processes are affected by the TME. We also discuss how the evolving TME modulates tumour cells and CSCs in cancer progression. Using previously described proteomic and genomic platforms, ovarian cancer cell lines and a mouse xenograft model we highlight the existence of metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian CSCs, and discuss how these processes may affect recurrence in ovarian tumours. We propose that progress in cancer control and eradication may depend not only on the elimination of highly chemoresistant CSCs, but also in designing novel strategies which would intervene with the tumour-promoting TME factors.

Unique proteome signature of post-chemotherapy ovarian cancer ascites-derived tumor cells

- Ahmed, Nuzhat, Greening, David, Samardzija, Chantel, Escalona, Ruth, Chen, Maoshan, Findlay, Jock, Kannourakis, George

  • Authors: Ahmed, Nuzhat , Greening, David , Samardzija, Chantel , Escalona, Ruth , Chen, Maoshan , Findlay, Jock , Kannourakis, George
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 6, no. (2016), p. 1-13
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  • Description: Eighty % of ovarian cancer patients diagnosed at an advanced-stage have complete remission after initial surgery and chemotherapy. However, most patients die within <5 years due to episodes of recurrences resulting from the growth of residual chemoresistant cells. In an effort to identify mechanisms associated with chemoresistance and recurrence, we compared the expression of proteins in ascites-derived tumor cells isolated from advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients obtained at diagnosis (chemonaive, CN) and after chemotherapy treatments (chemoresistant/at recurrence, CR) by using in-depth, high-resolution label-free quantitative proteomic profiling. A total of 2,999 proteins were identified. Using a stringent selection criterion to define only significantly differentially expressed proteins, we report identification of 353 proteins. There were significant differences in proteins encoding for immune surveillance, DNA repair mechanisms, cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell-cell adhesion, cell cycle pathways, cellular transport, and proteins involved with glycine/proline/arginine synthesis in tumor cells isolated from CR relative to CN patients. Pathway analyses revealed enrichment of metabolic pathways, DNA repair mechanisms and energy metabolism pathways in CR tumor cells. In conclusion, this is the first proteomics study to comprehensively analyze ascites-derived tumor cells from CN and CR ovarian cancer patients.

Ovarian cancer, cancer stem cells and current treatment strategies : a potential role of magmas in the current treatment methods

- Ahmed, Nuzhat, Kadife, Elif, Raza, Ali, Short, Mary, Jubinsky, Paul, Kannourakis, George

  • Authors: Ahmed, Nuzhat , Kadife, Elif , Raza, Ali , Short, Mary , Jubinsky, Paul , Kannourakis, George
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Cells Vol. 9, no. 3 (Mar 2020), p. 35
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  • Description: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes 90% of ovarian cancers (OC) and is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. The cancer histologically and genetically is very complex having a high degree of tumour heterogeneity. The pathogenic variability in OC causes significant impediments in effectively treating patients, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Disease progression is predominantly influenced by the peritoneal tumour microenvironment rather than properties of the tumor and is the major contributor to prognosis. Standard treatment of OC patients consists of debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy, which in most cases end in recurrent chemoresistant disease. This review discusses the different origins of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the major sub-type of EOC. Tumour heterogeneity, genetic/epigenetic changes, and cancer stem cells (CSC) in facilitating HGSOC progression and their contribution in the circumvention of therapy treatments are included. Several new treatment strategies are discussed including our preliminary proof of concept study describing the role of mitochondria-associated granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling protein (Magmas) in HGSOC and its unique potential role in chemotherapy-resistant disease.

Texture as pixel feature for video object segmentation

- Ahmed, Rakib, Karmakar, Gour, Dooley, Laurence

An environment-aware mobility model for wireless ad hoc network

- Ahmed, Sabbir, Karmakar, Gour, Kamruzzaman, Joarder

  • Authors: Ahmed, Sabbir , Karmakar, Gour , Kamruzzaman, Joarder
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computer Networks Vol. 54, no. 9 (2010), p. 1470-1489
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  • Description: Simulation is a cost effective, fast and flexible alternative to test-beds or practical deployment for evaluating the characteristics and potential of mobile ad hoc networks. Since environmental context and mobility have a great impact on the accuracy and efficacy of performance measurement, it is of paramount importance how closely the mobility of a node resembles its movement pattern in a real-world scenario. The existing mobility models mostly assume either free space for deployment and random node movement or the movement pattern does not emulate real-world situation properly in the presence of obstacles because of their generation of restricted paths. This demands for the development of a node movement pattern with accurately representing any obstacle and existing path in a complex and realistic deployment scenario. In this paper, we propose a general mobility model capable of creating a more realistic node movement pattern by exploiting the concept of flexible positioning of anchors. Since the model places anchors depending upon the context of the environment through which nodes are guided to move towards the destination, it is capable of representing any terrain realistically. Furthermore, obstacles of arbitrary shapes with or without doorways and any existing pathways in full or part of the terrain can be incorporated which makes the simulation environment more realistic. A detailed computational complexity has been analyzed and the characteristics of the proposed mobility model in the presence of obstacles in a university campus map with and without signal attenuation are presented which illustrates its significant impact on performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc networks.

Geographic constraint mobility model for ad hoc network

- Ahmed, Sabbir, Karmakar, Gour, Kamruzzaman, Joarder

  • Authors: Ahmed, Sabbir , Karmakar, Gour , Kamruzzaman, Joarder
  • Date: 2008
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis & Simulation of Computer & Telecommunication Systems
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  • Description: In this paper, we propose a mobility model and present its simulation tool to generate realistic mobility traces for mobile ad hoc network. The mobility model is capable of creating realistic node movement pattern in the presence of geographic constraints by exploiting the concepts of anchors. The model dynamically places anchors depending upon the context of the environment through which nodes are guided to move towards the destination, and obstacles of arbitrary shapes with or without doorways and any existing pathways, in full or part of the terrain can be incorporated which makes the simulation environment more realistic. The characteristics of the proposed mobility model tested on a real world university campus map at various movement patterns are presented that illustrate the impact of the mobility model on the performance of a routing protocol and usefulness of the proposed scenario generation tool.

Benefit based transmission expansion planning for ASEAN power grid

- Ahmed, Tofael, Mekhilef, Saad, Shah, Rakibuzzaman

Green HRM and green innovation : Can green transformational leadership moderate : Case of pharmaceutical firms in Australia

- Ahmed, Umair, Mozammel, Soleman, Zaman, Fazluz

  • Authors: Ahmed, Umair , Mozammel, Soleman , Zaman, Fazluz
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol. 11, no. 7 (2020), p. 616-617
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  • Description: Following the footsteps of resource-based view theory, the present study attempted to examine green HRM and its impact on green innovation followed by the interplay of green transformational leadership. The study collected triadic data by using survey questionnaire from 185 pharmaceutical firms in Australia. Through using structural equation modeling technique, bootstrap procedures were applied to assess the hypothesized relationships. Results from the data analysis suggest that green HRM prospects of green ability and motivation have significant relationship with green innovation. Accordingly, the results also indicated significant relationship between green transformational leadership and green innovation. Notably, the study advanced literature in the area by confirming the moderating potential of green transformational leadership on green ability-green innovation and green motivation-green motivation relationship. Overall, the present research has advanced understanding of green GRM and green leadership to utilize personnel prospects to further green innovation effectively. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.

A coarse representation of frames oriented video coding by leveraging cuboidal partitioning of image data

- Ahmmed, Ashe, Paul, Manoranjan, Murshed, Manzur, Taubman, David

  • Authors: Ahmmed, Ashe , Paul, Manoranjan , Murshed, Manzur , Taubman, David
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 22nd IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, MMSP 2020, Virtual Tampere, Finland 21-24 September 2020
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  • Description: Video coding algorithms attempt to minimize the significant commonality that exists within a video sequence. Each new video coding standard contains tools that can perform this task more efficiently compared to its predecessors. In this work, we form a coarse representation of the current frame by minimizing commonality within that frame while preserving important structural properties of the frame. The building blocks of this coarse representation are rectangular regions called cuboids, which are computationally simple and has a compact description. Then we propose to employ the coarse frame as an additional source for predictive coding of the current frame. Experimental results show an improvement in bit rate savings over a reference codec for HEVC, with minor increase in the codec computational complexity. © 2020 IEEE.

Dynamic point cloud geometry compression using cuboid based commonality modelling framework

- Ahmmed, Ashek, Paul, Manoranjan, Murshed, Manzur, Taubman, David

  • Authors: Ahmmed, Ashek , Paul, Manoranjan , Murshed, Manzur , Taubman, David
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2021, Anchorage, USA, 19-21 September 2021, Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP Vol. 2021-September, p. 2159-2163
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  • Description: Point cloud in its uncompressed format require very high data rate for storage and transmission. The video based point cloud compression (V-PCC) technique projects a dynamic point cloud into geometry and texture video sequences. The projected geometry and texture video frames are then encoded using modern video coding standard like HEVC. However, HEVC encoder is unable to exploit the global commonality that exists within a geometry frame and between successive geometry frames to a greater extent. This is because in HEVC, the current frame partitioning starts from a rigid 64 × 64 pixels level without considering the structure of the scene need be coded. In this paper, an improved commonality modeling framework is proposed, by leveraging on cuboid-based frame partitioning, to encode point cloud geometry frames. The associated frame-partitioning scheme is based on statistical properties of the current geometry frame and therefore yields a flexible block partitioning structure composed of cuboids. Additionally, the proposed commonality modeling approach is computationally efficient and has a compact representation. Experimental results show that if the V-PCC reference encoder is augmented by the proposed commonality modeling technique, a bit rate savings of 2.71% and 4.25% are achieved for full body and upper body of human point clouds’ geometry sequences respectively. © 2021 IEEE.

A commonality modeling framework for enhanced video coding leveraging on the cuboidal partitioning based representation of frames

- Ahmmed, Ashek, Murshed, Manzur, Paul, Manoranjan, Taubman, David

  • Authors: Ahmmed, Ashek , Murshed, Manzur , Paul, Manoranjan , Taubman, David
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia Vol. 24, no. (2022), p. 4446-4457
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  • Description: Video coding algorithms attempt to minimize the significant commonality that exists within a video sequence. Each new video coding standard contains tools that can perform this task more efficiently compared to its predecessors. Modern video coding systems are block-based wherein commonality modeling is carried out only from the perspective of the block that need be coded next. In this work, we argue for a commonality modeling approach that can provide a seamless blending between global and local homogeneity information. For this purpose, at first the frame that need be coded, is recursively partitioned into rectangular regions based on the homogeneity information of the entire frame. After that each obtained rectangular region's feature descriptor is taken to be the average value of all the pixels' intensities encompassing the region. In this way, the proposed approach generates a coarse representation of the current frame by minimizing both global and local commonality. This coarse frame is computationally simple and has a compact representation. It attempts to preserve important structural properties of the current frame which can be viewed subjectively as well as from improved rate-distortion performance of a reference scalable HEVC coder that employs the coarse frame as a reference frame for encoding the current frame. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

Discrete cosine basis oriented motion modeling with cuboidal applicability regions for versatile video coding

- Ahmmed, Ashek, Hamidouche, Wassim, Lambert, Andrew, Pickering, Mark, Murshed, Manzur

  • Authors: Ahmmed, Ashek , Hamidouche, Wassim , Lambert, Andrew , Pickering, Mark , Murshed, Manzur
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2022 Picture Coding Symposium, PCS 2022, San Jose, Costa Rica, 7-9 December 2022, 2022 Picture Coding Symposium, PCS 2022 - Proceedings p. 337-341
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  • Description: The relentless expansion of video based applications is underpinned by video coding technologies. The latest video coding standard i.e. versatile video coding (VVC) can provide superior compression performance than its predecessors. In this regard, motion modeling plays a central role. Experimental results showed that the discrete cosine basis oriented motion model can describe complex motion better than an affine motion model, adopted in the VVC. Hence, in this paper we propose to augment the VVC motion modeling technique with a set of discrete cosine basis oriented motion models and the applicability region of each such motion model is determined by non-overlapping rectangular regions, known as cuboids. Experimental results show a bit rate savings of up to 2.37% is achievable with respect to a VVC reference. © 2022 IEEE.