Description:
Potassium alkyl xanthates are commonly used as collectors in the flotation of sulphide minerals. Much research has been directed to the formulation of mechanisms responsible for the hydrophobicity of the sulphide minerals in xanthate flotation. Alkyl dixanthogen plays an important role in this mixed-potential mechanism, and is regarded as the species which imparts hydrophobicity to the mineral surface. Winter has recently suggested that sulphur xanthates, which are chemically very similar to alkyl dixanthogen, may play a significant role in the processes rendering the sulphide minerals hydrophobic during froth flotation. The aim of this investigation was to develop techniques for the separation and identification of sulphur xanthates at very low levels of conecentration. Techniques employed were Molecular Emission Cavity Analysis Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It was possible to extract the sulpur xanthates from simulated flotation liquors, separate the individual species, and determine them to a level of 0.05 ppm in the liquor. Aklyl sulphur dixanthates were found to disproportionate in methanol solution.
Description:
Potassium alkyl xanthates are commonly used as collectors in the flotation of sulphide minerals. Much research has been directed to the formulation of mechanisms responsible for the hydrophobicity of the sulphide minerals in xanthate flotation. Alkyl dixanthogen plays an important role in this mixed-potential mechanism, and is regarded as the species which imparts hydrophobicity to the mineral surface. Winter has recently suggested that sulphur xanthates, which are chemically very similar to alkyl dixanthogen, may play a significant role in the processes rendering the sulphide minerals hydrophobic during froth flotation. The aim of this investigation was to develop techniques for the separation and identification of sulphur xanthates at very low levels of conecentration. Techniques employed were Molecular Emission Cavity Analysis Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It was possible to extract the sulpur xanthates from simulated flotation liquors, separate the individual species, and determine them to a level of 0.05 ppm in the liquor. Aklyl sulphur dixanthates were found to disproportionate in methanol solution.
Description:
"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative effects of training by jogging, circuit weight training, swimming and calisthenic/endurance games on middle-aged men."
Description:
"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the comparative effects of training by jogging, circuit weight training, swimming and calisthenic/endurance games on middle-aged men."
Description:
Oxidation-reduction reactions between carbohydrates, lignin and quinone additives in Pinus radiata soda pulping liquors have been investigated. A reduction peak at -0.72 V (Vs SCE) was observed using differential pulse polarography when Pinus radiata wood is heated in alkaline solution in the presence of oxygen, and has been shown to result from the oxidation of lignin structures. The results of this study indicate that the electroactive species present in Pinus radiata soda pulping liquors is an oxidation product, resulting from the formation of phenoxy radicals and /or quinone methides. Although reduction potentials for anthraquinone, carbohydrates and the electroactive lignin structure fit the general redox mechanism propsed for accelerated delignification, the species observed by polarography in this study has been shown not to be involved in the main pulping reactions due to its low concentration.
Description:
Oxidation-reduction reactions between carbohydrates, lignin and quinone additives in Pinus radiata soda pulping liquors have been investigated. A reduction peak at -0.72 V (Vs SCE) was observed using differential pulse polarography when Pinus radiata wood is heated in alkaline solution in the presence of oxygen, and has been shown to result from the oxidation of lignin structures. The results of this study indicate that the electroactive species present in Pinus radiata soda pulping liquors is an oxidation product, resulting from the formation of phenoxy radicals and /or quinone methides. Although reduction potentials for anthraquinone, carbohydrates and the electroactive lignin structure fit the general redox mechanism propsed for accelerated delignification, the species observed by polarography in this study has been shown not to be involved in the main pulping reactions due to its low concentration.
Description:
Most of Australia's zinc production is by the electrolytic zinc process, in which zinc is electrowon from an acid sulphate solution. The process is known to be exceptionally sensitive to the presence of trace impurities. At the Electrolytic Zinc plant (Risdon, Tasmania), isobenzofuranone (pthalide) has been detected in the electrowinning circuit, and found in higher concentrations during efficiency slumps. It was found that di-2-ethylhexyphthalate, (present in the liners and plastics used in the electrowinning circuit), is reduced to isobenzofuranone under the electrolysis conditions employed. In addition, an investigation involved a constant current electrolysis of a synthetic zinc electrolyte, as identified an additional pathway for the productionof isobenzofuranone. 2-Naphthol, added to the electrolysis circuit for current efficiency purposes, is also a major precursor of isobenzofuranone. 2-Napthol and possibly 1-nitroso-2-napthol can be oxidized to pthalic acid, either at a lead anode or via anode oxidation productions, and the phthalic acid produced can be reduced to isobenzofuranone at a zinc cathode. In addition, it was found that isobenzofurane is further reduced at the potential of zinc deposition to ultimately yield 2-methylbenzaldehyde. This compound, which has also been detected in Risdon plant electrolytes, is also toxic in the zince electrowinning circuit. The compound 2-methylabenzyl alcohol has also been detected via GLC examination of Risdon plant liquors. However, this compound was not detected in the present investigation, and thus no explanation can be offered for its presence in plant electrolytes. The toxicity of zinc electrolyte impurities on current efficiency was determined by a cyclic voltammetric technique. The results of this investigation indicate that the presence of isobenzofuranone and 2-methylbenzaldehyde can significantly lower current effciency, and the compounds phthalic acid and 2-methylbenzyl alcohol also lower efficiency.
Description:
Most of Australia's zinc production is by the electrolytic zinc process, in which zinc is electrowon from an acid sulphate solution. The process is known to be exceptionally sensitive to the presence of trace impurities. At the Electrolytic Zinc plant (Risdon, Tasmania), isobenzofuranone (pthalide) has been detected in the electrowinning circuit, and found in higher concentrations during efficiency slumps. It was found that di-2-ethylhexyphthalate, (present in the liners and plastics used in the electrowinning circuit), is reduced to isobenzofuranone under the electrolysis conditions employed. In addition, an investigation involved a constant current electrolysis of a synthetic zinc electrolyte, as identified an additional pathway for the productionof isobenzofuranone. 2-Naphthol, added to the electrolysis circuit for current efficiency purposes, is also a major precursor of isobenzofuranone. 2-Napthol and possibly 1-nitroso-2-napthol can be oxidized to pthalic acid, either at a lead anode or via anode oxidation productions, and the phthalic acid produced can be reduced to isobenzofuranone at a zinc cathode. In addition, it was found that isobenzofurane is further reduced at the potential of zinc deposition to ultimately yield 2-methylbenzaldehyde. This compound, which has also been detected in Risdon plant electrolytes, is also toxic in the zince electrowinning circuit. The compound 2-methylabenzyl alcohol has also been detected via GLC examination of Risdon plant liquors. However, this compound was not detected in the present investigation, and thus no explanation can be offered for its presence in plant electrolytes. The toxicity of zinc electrolyte impurities on current efficiency was determined by a cyclic voltammetric technique. The results of this investigation indicate that the presence of isobenzofuranone and 2-methylbenzaldehyde can significantly lower current effciency, and the compounds phthalic acid and 2-methylbenzyl alcohol also lower efficiency.
Description:
The sublimation enthalpy of beryllium (II), aluminium (III), chromium (III), iron (III), cobalt (III), nickel (II), copper (II), oxovanadium (IV) and zirconium (IV) 2,4 -pentanedionate complexes has been determined by vacuum Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), subsequent to benzoic acid being proposed as calibrant for this technique. In conjunction with existing thermochemical data for these complexes, metal-ligand homolytic bond dissociation energies are calculated and are rationalized in terms of the ionic size of the coordinated meta and the crystal field stabilization energies for the complex. Old and new methods for the determination of sublimation enthalpy are reviewed and the present data collectively reveal the versatility and precision of DSC fort the direct determination of sublimation enthalpies of metal complexes. The new sublimation enthalpy data presented for metal 2-4- pentanedionate complexes effectively ends the controversy associated with the previously reported corresponding data/
Description:
The sublimation enthalpy of beryllium (II), aluminium (III), chromium (III), iron (III), cobalt (III), nickel (II), copper (II), oxovanadium (IV) and zirconium (IV) 2,4 -pentanedionate complexes has been determined by vacuum Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), subsequent to benzoic acid being proposed as calibrant for this technique. In conjunction with existing thermochemical data for these complexes, metal-ligand homolytic bond dissociation energies are calculated and are rationalized in terms of the ionic size of the coordinated meta and the crystal field stabilization energies for the complex. Old and new methods for the determination of sublimation enthalpy are reviewed and the present data collectively reveal the versatility and precision of DSC fort the direct determination of sublimation enthalpies of metal complexes. The new sublimation enthalpy data presented for metal 2-4- pentanedionate complexes effectively ends the controversy associated with the previously reported corresponding data/
Description:
"In this work, a quantitative risk assessment procedure for laboratory fume cupboards has been developed using estimates of frequency (probabilty x exposure) and severity."
Description:
Masters Degree in Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
"In this work, a quantitative risk assessment procedure for laboratory fume cupboards has been developed using estimates of frequency (probabilty x exposure) and severity."
Description:
Masters Degree in Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
Much has been written about seated working posture - particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the furniture associated with achieving what is commonly referred to as the "German Square" postural geometry (after Mandal, 1974). The physical sciences aspects of chair, desk and associated furniture ancillary to the task required of the seated worker, have been described in the scientific literature and the standards and guideline publications of the authorities of many countries of the western world. The most important contribution of multi-adjustable furniture to the reduction of postural discomfort and musculo-skeletal complaints is recognised. As a result a variety of standards and guidelines concerning some of these aspects exists in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, United States of America, Germany, Australia and the Scandinavian countries. The International Organisation for Standardisation published document TC136/SC7 in 1978, consolidating such existing standards. Less emphasis has been placed on the interface of the information exchange and the comfort, performance and preferences of the seated worker; ie., the practically, the comfort and the intrinsic safety of the working posture prescribed by the model established by the many standards. Existing specifications and guidelines differ in their orientation towards operator performance and comfort of the operator, in as much as some purport to be "furniture standards", for example C.E.N, Comite European de Normalisation, Paris, 1980, while others purport to be "postural standards", for example, International Organisation for Standardisation document TC 136/SC7 (1978). The standards are uniform in matters of upright trunk and 90° upper and lower limb geometry, but are divided in the lineal dimensions applied to eye height above the floor, shoulder acromion to home row of keys (or pen-grip position of the dominant hand and fingers), and eye distance to copy.
Description:
Much has been written about seated working posture - particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the furniture associated with achieving what is commonly referred to as the "German Square" postural geometry (after Mandal, 1974). The physical sciences aspects of chair, desk and associated furniture ancillary to the task required of the seated worker, have been described in the scientific literature and the standards and guideline publications of the authorities of many countries of the western world. The most important contribution of multi-adjustable furniture to the reduction of postural discomfort and musculo-skeletal complaints is recognised. As a result a variety of standards and guidelines concerning some of these aspects exists in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, United States of America, Germany, Australia and the Scandinavian countries. The International Organisation for Standardisation published document TC136/SC7 in 1978, consolidating such existing standards. Less emphasis has been placed on the interface of the information exchange and the comfort, performance and preferences of the seated worker; ie., the practically, the comfort and the intrinsic safety of the working posture prescribed by the model established by the many standards. Existing specifications and guidelines differ in their orientation towards operator performance and comfort of the operator, in as much as some purport to be "furniture standards", for example C.E.N, Comite European de Normalisation, Paris, 1980, while others purport to be "postural standards", for example, International Organisation for Standardisation document TC 136/SC7 (1978). The standards are uniform in matters of upright trunk and 90° upper and lower limb geometry, but are divided in the lineal dimensions applied to eye height above the floor, shoulder acromion to home row of keys (or pen-grip position of the dominant hand and fingers), and eye distance to copy.
Description:
This paper investigates the utilisation of lifting devices by hospital staff, in relation-ship to the handling of patients and the reasons for this. A survey was conducted at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide during June and July 1989 using a questionnaire which returned 54% (n=110) completed returns. The results showed a lack of available lifting devices; 16.4% (n=18) of health care respondents had no lifting devices available in their work area while 14.5% (n=16) of respondents had only one lifting device. Where lifting devices were available, 63.6% (n=70) of respondents used the lifting devices less than three times in the week prior to the survey. 24.6% (n=27) of respondent health care workers were of the opinion that lifting devices were not very appropriate for patient handling tasks and 12.7% (n=14) of respondents found the devices difficult to use. 22.7% (n=25) of respondents indicated insufficient room for the use of the devices. 19.1% (n=21) of respondents consider the floor plan layout in which they to be utilised obstructive. 24.5% (n=27) were of respondents found that the lifting devices were not very mobile. 24.6% (n=27) of respondents considered that the setting-up time of the lifting devices took too long and 18.2% (n=20) were of the opinion that the devices were located too far away from the workplace for quick and convenient access. Strong emphasis in the literature review is placed on Common and Statute Law of the employer's "Duty of Care" to the health care workers. The main recommendation is that users need to have input into the design of the equipment. Also, user require initial training and require on-going refresher training in the use of lifting devices for patients. Supervision of users of lifitng devices is essential.
Description:
This paper investigates the utilisation of lifting devices by hospital staff, in relation-ship to the handling of patients and the reasons for this. A survey was conducted at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide during June and July 1989 using a questionnaire which returned 54% (n=110) completed returns. The results showed a lack of available lifting devices; 16.4% (n=18) of health care respondents had no lifting devices available in their work area while 14.5% (n=16) of respondents had only one lifting device. Where lifting devices were available, 63.6% (n=70) of respondents used the lifting devices less than three times in the week prior to the survey. 24.6% (n=27) of respondent health care workers were of the opinion that lifting devices were not very appropriate for patient handling tasks and 12.7% (n=14) of respondents found the devices difficult to use. 22.7% (n=25) of respondents indicated insufficient room for the use of the devices. 19.1% (n=21) of respondents consider the floor plan layout in which they to be utilised obstructive. 24.5% (n=27) were of respondents found that the lifting devices were not very mobile. 24.6% (n=27) of respondents considered that the setting-up time of the lifting devices took too long and 18.2% (n=20) were of the opinion that the devices were located too far away from the workplace for quick and convenient access. Strong emphasis in the literature review is placed on Common and Statute Law of the employer's "Duty of Care" to the health care workers. The main recommendation is that users need to have input into the design of the equipment. Also, user require initial training and require on-going refresher training in the use of lifting devices for patients. Supervision of users of lifitng devices is essential.
Description:
Following a study of back injuries in the Queensland Coal Industry, there arose several questions that needed further research. One of these was the cost of accident and injuries, and the impact of this cost would have on an organisation. The project's research involved a comprehensive study of literature pertaining to the cost of accidents and injuries. This included both insured and uninsured costs. The following four classifications of accidents were researched; first aid treatments; first aid doctor treatments; lost time injury cases; and equipment accident damage cases. A coal mine was selected for the pilot study and, data was collected on the four classifications over a complete year. This means a year that has no out standing accident cases or liablilities. The research was then considered to determine its support for the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis whic postulates that the current methods used to analyse the cost of accidents or injuries in the coal mining industry are inadequate. As a result of the above condsiderations, a number of key points are put forward in support of the acceptance of the hypothesis. The research established costs both insured and uninsured for the four classifications under review. Then a calculation of a weighted ratio of uninsured costs was made. The paper concludes by making certain recommendations and supporting the need for further research into accident costing within the coal mining fraternity.
Description:
Masters in Applied Science in Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
Following a study of back injuries in the Queensland Coal Industry, there arose several questions that needed further research. One of these was the cost of accident and injuries, and the impact of this cost would have on an organisation. The project's research involved a comprehensive study of literature pertaining to the cost of accidents and injuries. This included both insured and uninsured costs. The following four classifications of accidents were researched; first aid treatments; first aid doctor treatments; lost time injury cases; and equipment accident damage cases. A coal mine was selected for the pilot study and, data was collected on the four classifications over a complete year. This means a year that has no out standing accident cases or liablilities. The research was then considered to determine its support for the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis whic postulates that the current methods used to analyse the cost of accidents or injuries in the coal mining industry are inadequate. As a result of the above condsiderations, a number of key points are put forward in support of the acceptance of the hypothesis. The research established costs both insured and uninsured for the four classifications under review. Then a calculation of a weighted ratio of uninsured costs was made. The paper concludes by making certain recommendations and supporting the need for further research into accident costing within the coal mining fraternity.
Description:
Masters in Applied Science in Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
Length of stay in hospital post-amputation for elderly amputees gait trained using the whole method of re-education at the Queen Elizabeth Geriatric Centre is shorted than is usual in other parts of Australia. There was a need to investigate the gait quality and functional ability of these amputees to asses the adequacy of their post-rebhabilation gait, and to establish a benchmark against which to measure alternative treatment outcomes.
Description:
Length of stay in hospital post-amputation for elderly amputees gait trained using the whole method of re-education at the Queen Elizabeth Geriatric Centre is shorted than is usual in other parts of Australia. There was a need to investigate the gait quality and functional ability of these amputees to asses the adequacy of their post-rebhabilation gait, and to establish a benchmark against which to measure alternative treatment outcomes.
Description:
An analysis of occuptational accidents (n=587) was completed for the years 1989/90/91 for a major Australian water authority for injuries of five or more days lost time.
Description:
Masters of Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
An analysis of occuptational accidents (n=587) was completed for the years 1989/90/91 for a major Australian water authority for injuries of five or more days lost time.
Description:
Masters of Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
The purpose of the study was to analyse aircraft pushback accidents which have resulted in death or serious injury to aircraft pusback ground crew members and to develop effective strategies to prevent such accidents.
Description:
The purpose of the study was to analyse aircraft pushback accidents which have resulted in death or serious injury to aircraft pusback ground crew members and to develop effective strategies to prevent such accidents.
Australian occupational protective footwear standards under mutual recognition legislation : can end-user protection levels be reduced as a result of the introduction of this legislation in Australia in 1993?
Description:
"This thesis aims to investigate the effect of mutual recognition legislation on the sale and use of occupational protective footwear within Australia to determine if there is the potential for end-user protection levels to be reduced below those required by the Australian Standard, AS/NZS 2210."
Description:
"This thesis aims to investigate the effect of mutual recognition legislation on the sale and use of occupational protective footwear within Australia to determine if there is the potential for end-user protection levels to be reduced below those required by the Australian Standard, AS/NZS 2210."
Description:
The assessment of barley and malt quality for a barley breeding program was revised. The small size of the samples available in breeding requires the development of special methods that may differ slightly from those used by the malting and brewing industry when dealing with much larger samples of grain. Small-scale methods for malt extract determination were investigated. A new method using 1 g of malt in a 10 M1 mash was proposed for use in barley breeding. Near infared methods for barley and malt analysis were studied. Methods for distinguishing barley and malt varieties. A system for capture and storage of data and analysis of results by computer was developed specifically for a barley quality laboratory supporting a barley breeding program.
Description:
The assessment of barley and malt quality for a barley breeding program was revised. The small size of the samples available in breeding requires the development of special methods that may differ slightly from those used by the malting and brewing industry when dealing with much larger samples of grain. Small-scale methods for malt extract determination were investigated. A new method using 1 g of malt in a 10 M1 mash was proposed for use in barley breeding. Near infared methods for barley and malt analysis were studied. Methods for distinguishing barley and malt varieties. A system for capture and storage of data and analysis of results by computer was developed specifically for a barley quality laboratory supporting a barley breeding program.
Description:
The study investigated whether there was an increased physiological thermal stress on a group of smelter operators working a 12 hour shift roster.
Description:
The study investigated whether there was an increased physiological thermal stress on a group of smelter operators working a 12 hour shift roster.
Description:
"The aim of the study is to analyse occupational traumatic fatalities in Victoria from the period 1990 through to 1993, to identify opportunities for prevention."
Description:
"The aim of the study is to analyse occupational traumatic fatalities in Victoria from the period 1990 through to 1993, to identify opportunities for prevention."
Description:
The dissertation examines the legal, financial and social responsibilities that Universities have in complying with minimum occupational health and safety performance standards.The marketing principles and techniques identified in this project may assist Occupational Health and Safety managers to enhance the service provided.
Description:
Masters of Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
The dissertation examines the legal, financial and social responsibilities that Universities have in complying with minimum occupational health and safety performance standards.The marketing principles and techniques identified in this project may assist Occupational Health and Safety managers to enhance the service provided.
Description:
Masters of Applied Science, Occupational Health and Safety
Description:
The researcher investigated the effectiveness of exhaust hoods in controlling toxic contaminants and dust. Computer programs were used to measure velocities around the captor hoods.
Description:
The researcher investigated the effectiveness of exhaust hoods in controlling toxic contaminants and dust. Computer programs were used to measure velocities around the captor hoods.
Description:
The aim of this project was twofold. The first part of this investigation was an attempt to produce a method for the rapid of ellagic acid from which a range of water soluble tetraalkylammonium salts could be prepared. These salts, once prepared, were to be tested for their suitability as metal precipitating agents. Ellagic acid, a commonly plant polyphenol is a waste byproduct of both the pulping and tanning industries. It is a known cancer agent and has been shown to have various pharmaceutical properties. ...."From abstract"
Description:
The aim of this project was twofold. The first part of this investigation was an attempt to produce a method for the rapid of ellagic acid from which a range of water soluble tetraalkylammonium salts could be prepared. These salts, once prepared, were to be tested for their suitability as metal precipitating agents. Ellagic acid, a commonly plant polyphenol is a waste byproduct of both the pulping and tanning industries. It is a known cancer agent and has been shown to have various pharmaceutical properties. ...."From abstract"