Short-term and lifelong exercise training lowers inflammatory mediators in older men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Herbert, Peter, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
Exercise training improves free testosterone in lifelong sedentary aging men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Herbert, Peter, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Endocrine Connections Vol.6 , no.5 (2017), p.306-310
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- Description: As the impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on systemic hormones in aging men is unstudied to date, we investigated whether total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free testosterone (free-T), and cortisol (all in serum) were altered following HIIT in a cohort of 22 lifelong sedentary (62 +/- 2 years) older men. As HIIT requires preconditioning exercise in sedentary cohorts, participants were tested at three phases, each separated by six weeks' training; baseline (phase A), following conditioning exercise (phase B), and post-HIIT (phase C). Each measurement phase used identical methods. TT was significantly increased following HIIT (~17%; P<0.001) with most increase occurring during preconditioning (~10%; P=0.007). Free-T was unaffected by conditioning exercise (P=0.102) but was significantly higher following HIIT compared to baseline (~4.5%; P=0.023). Cortisol remained unchanged from A to C (P=0.138). The present data indicate a combination of preconditioning and HIIT increases TT and SHBG in sedentary older males, with the HIIT stimulus accounting for a small but statistically significant increase in free-T. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of small improvements in free-T in aging men.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Endocrine Connections Vol.6 , no.5 (2017), p.306-310
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: As the impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on systemic hormones in aging men is unstudied to date, we investigated whether total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free testosterone (free-T), and cortisol (all in serum) were altered following HIIT in a cohort of 22 lifelong sedentary (62 +/- 2 years) older men. As HIIT requires preconditioning exercise in sedentary cohorts, participants were tested at three phases, each separated by six weeks' training; baseline (phase A), following conditioning exercise (phase B), and post-HIIT (phase C). Each measurement phase used identical methods. TT was significantly increased following HIIT (~17%; P<0.001) with most increase occurring during preconditioning (~10%; P=0.007). Free-T was unaffected by conditioning exercise (P=0.102) but was significantly higher following HIIT compared to baseline (~4.5%; P=0.023). Cortisol remained unchanged from A to C (P=0.138). The present data indicate a combination of preconditioning and HIIT increases TT and SHBG in sedentary older males, with the HIIT stimulus accounting for a small but statistically significant increase in free-T. Further study is required to determine the biological importance of small improvements in free-T in aging men.
Six weeks of conditioning exercise increases total, but not free testosterone in lifelong sedentary aging men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Herbert, Peter, Baker, Julien, Spagna, Roberto, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Herbert, Peter , Baker, Julien , Spagna, Roberto , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging Male Vol. 18, no. 3 (2015), p. 195-200
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- Description: INTRODUCTION: Advancing age is associated with a gradual decline in circulating androgens, and the putative role of exercise training on systemic androgens remains to be adequately defined. METHODS: The present investigation examined the impact of 6 weeks of supervised exercise training on resting levels of systemic hormones in a cohort of lifelong sedentary men [SED (n = 28), 62.5 +/- 5.3 years], compared with a positive control group of age-matched lifelong exercisers [LE (n = 20), 60.4 +/- 4.7 years, >30 years training history]. Blood hormones were sampled pre- and post-intervention from an antecubital forearm vein and analysed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]) was determined via indirect calorimetry during an incremental cycle test to volitional exhaustion. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a lack of significant change in any parameter amongst LE, whilst SED experienced a significant exercise-induced improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and total testosterone (all p < 0.05). Concurrent increases in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; p < 0.05) resulted in a lack of change to either bioavailable or calculated free testosterone (p > 0.05) amongst SED. CONCLUSIONS: Although resting levels of systemic total testosterone increased in response to 6 weeks of exercise training, increases in SHBG negated any potential relationship between calculated-free or bioavailable testosterone. These findings indicate that increases in bioavailable testosterone fraction are not required for cardiorespiratory fitness improvements in aging men.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Herbert, Peter , Baker, Julien , Spagna, Roberto , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging Male Vol. 18, no. 3 (2015), p. 195-200
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Advancing age is associated with a gradual decline in circulating androgens, and the putative role of exercise training on systemic androgens remains to be adequately defined. METHODS: The present investigation examined the impact of 6 weeks of supervised exercise training on resting levels of systemic hormones in a cohort of lifelong sedentary men [SED (n = 28), 62.5 +/- 5.3 years], compared with a positive control group of age-matched lifelong exercisers [LE (n = 20), 60.4 +/- 4.7 years, >30 years training history]. Blood hormones were sampled pre- and post-intervention from an antecubital forearm vein and analysed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Cardiorespiratory fitness ([Formula: see text]) was determined via indirect calorimetry during an incremental cycle test to volitional exhaustion. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a lack of significant change in any parameter amongst LE, whilst SED experienced a significant exercise-induced improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and total testosterone (all p < 0.05). Concurrent increases in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; p < 0.05) resulted in a lack of change to either bioavailable or calculated free testosterone (p > 0.05) amongst SED. CONCLUSIONS: Although resting levels of systemic total testosterone increased in response to 6 weeks of exercise training, increases in SHBG negated any potential relationship between calculated-free or bioavailable testosterone. These findings indicate that increases in bioavailable testosterone fraction are not required for cardiorespiratory fitness improvements in aging men.
The effects of a formal exercise training programme on salivary hormone concentrations and body composition in previously sedentary aging men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Grace, Fergal, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Herbert, Peter, Ratcliffe, John, Kilduff, Liam, Baker, Julien
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Grace, Fergal , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Herbert, Peter , Ratcliffe, John , Kilduff, Liam , Baker, Julien
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: SpringerPlus Vol. 2, no. 18 (2013), p. 1-5
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- Description: Alteration in body composition, physical function, and substrate metabolism occur with advancing age. These changes may be attenuated by exercise. This study examined whether twenty eight, previously sedentary males (62.5 +/- 5.3 years of age; body mass of 89.7 +/- 16.4 kg) adhering to the ACSM minimum guidelines for aerobic exercise for six weeks would improve exercise capabilities, body composition and salivary hormone profiles. After six weeks of adhering to the guidelines, salivary testosterone and vo(2max) (absolute and relative) increased (p < 0.05), whilst body fat percentage and body mass decreased (p < 0.05). Peak power output, fat free mass and cortisol values were not significantly different. Interestingly, salivary testosterone correlated inversely with body fat percentage (R(2) = .285, p = 0.011). These results suggest that despite previous inactivity, older males can achieve improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and anabolism by adhering to simple lifestyle changes.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Grace, Fergal , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Herbert, Peter , Ratcliffe, John , Kilduff, Liam , Baker, Julien
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: SpringerPlus Vol. 2, no. 18 (2013), p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Alteration in body composition, physical function, and substrate metabolism occur with advancing age. These changes may be attenuated by exercise. This study examined whether twenty eight, previously sedentary males (62.5 +/- 5.3 years of age; body mass of 89.7 +/- 16.4 kg) adhering to the ACSM minimum guidelines for aerobic exercise for six weeks would improve exercise capabilities, body composition and salivary hormone profiles. After six weeks of adhering to the guidelines, salivary testosterone and vo(2max) (absolute and relative) increased (p < 0.05), whilst body fat percentage and body mass decreased (p < 0.05). Peak power output, fat free mass and cortisol values were not significantly different. Interestingly, salivary testosterone correlated inversely with body fat percentage (R(2) = .285, p = 0.011). These results suggest that despite previous inactivity, older males can achieve improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and anabolism by adhering to simple lifestyle changes.
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