List of Titles

Advances in the discovery and development of anthelmintics by harnessing natural product scaffolds

- Herath, H. M. P. Dilrukshi, Taki, Aya, Sleebs, Brad, Hofmann, Andreas, Nguyen, Nghi, Preston, Sarah, Davis, Rohan, Jabbar, Abdul, Gasser, Robin

Authors: Herath, H. M. P. Dilrukshi , Taki, Aya , Sleebs, Brad , Hofmann, Andreas , Nguyen, Nghi , Preston, Sarah , Davis, Rohan , Jabbar, Abdul , Gasser, Robin
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter , Book Chapter
Relation: Advances in Parasitology p. 203-251
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Description: Widespread resistance to currently-used anthelmintics represents a major obstacle to controlling parasitic nematodes of livestock animals. Given the reliance on anthelmintics in many control regimens, there is a need for the continued discovery and development of new nematocides. Enabling such a focus are: (i) the major chemical diversity of natural products; (ii) the availability of curated, drug-like extract-, fraction- and/or compound-libraries from natural sources; (iii) the utility and practicality of well-established whole-worm bioassays for Haemonchus contortus—an important parasitic nematodes of livestock—to screen natural product libraries; and (iv) the availability of advanced chromatographic (HPLC), spectroscopic (NMR) and spectrometric (MS) techniques for bioassay-guided fractionation and structural elucidation. This context provides a sound basis for the identification and characterisation of anthelmintic candidates from natural sources. This chapter provides a background on the importance and impact of helminth infections/diseases, parasite control and aspects of drug discovery, and reviews recent work focused on (i) screening well-defined compound libraries to establish the methods needed for large-scale screening of natural extract libraries; (ii) discovering plant and marine extracts with nematocidal or nematostatic activity, and purifying bioactive compounds and assessing their potential for further development; and (iii) synthesising analogues of selected purified natural compounds for the identification of possible ‘lead’ candidates. The chapter describes some lessons learned from this work and proposes future areas of focus for drug discovery. Collectively, the findings from this recent work show potential for selected natural product scaffolds as candidates for future development. Developing such candidates via future chemical optimisation, efficacy and safety evaluations, broad spectrum activity assessments, and target identification represents an exciting prospect and, if successful, could pave the way to subsequent pre-clinical and clinical evaluations. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

After work? Understanding older women’s portfolio life transitions

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 7 p. 111-119
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Description: Chapter 7 reports qualitative interviews with older women about the pursuit of an active, fulfilling and productive retirement, and the mechanisms that promote these outcomes. Contrary to notions of the blended lifecycle, analysis reveals a stark division between paid work and retirement for many women at the same time as an ongoing commitment to socially valued and productive albeit unpaid activities that form a portfolio career. Furthermore , analysis reveals an increased sense of autonomy and control over decision making among retired women that contrasts with their experiences of paid employment.

Conclusion: public policy leadership and change for women’s work and retirement

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 10 p.147-151
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Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.

Customizing women’s portfolio work and ‘retirement’ careers

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 8 p. 122-134
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Description: Chapter 8 reports qualitative interviews with older women, drawing from the concepts of biographical work-life balance and portfolio careers. It focuses on older women who were in part-time work but who self-identified as having made a transition to retirement. Many had longstanding careers and stable networks, accrued skills and financial resources, supported a well-endowed quality of portfolio lives, whereas those who experienced ‘unbalanced’ portfolio retirement were more likely to be lacking resources from their working lives. The analysis reinforces the notion that retirement should be viewed as a process and not an event and that it is impossible to tell a single story of women's post-work transitions.

Introduction: Older women and later life transitions in industrialized societies

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions p. 1-7
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Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.

Older women and the transition to retirement

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 6 p. 99-110
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Description: Chapter 6 reports older women survey respondents’ expectations about retirement; their financial preparation for retirement; and factors that pushed them out of the workforce such as declining health and poor working conditions. Older women workers demonstrated a generally positive orientation to retirement. However, financial preparedness was a concern, with a significant proportion reporting that their understanding of their superannuation was poor. Findings with regards to self-esteem and social contact point to the need to support older women in building post-work identity and structures outside of work.

Older women in labour market transitions: leaving, looking for and moving into work

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 5 p. 85-98
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Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.

Older women workers in Australia: the study

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Chapter 3 p. 53-69
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Description: This book reports on a large mixed-methods project Retiring Women: Understanding Older Female Work-Life Transitions funded by the AUstralian Research Council and three industry partners. The project aimed to explore, firstly, transitios into, within and out of the labour market from the perspectives of older women workers, their employers and industry stake-holders across three industry sectors, and secondly, the development of policy related to the recruitment and retention of such workers in the Australian workforce.

Older women, public policy and work

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 1 p. 7-45
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Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.

Older women’s experiences of working

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 4 p. 70-83
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Description: Chapter 4 reports the experiences of older women survey respondents in terms of job satisfaction, work-life balance, perceptions of working hours and what determined these, perceptions of treatment by managers and co-workers, perceptions of labour market age barriers, and participation in skills development activities. The findings are indicative of relatively benign workplace environments. Job satisfaction was high and women generally appeared able to juggle work and other responsibilities. Working hours were a concern for some women, particularly those in casualized employment. Participation in learning and development activities declined with age and was more common among those with higher skill levels. Workplace discrimination was not a major feature of the experiences of these women.

Public policy, ageing and work, and longer working lives

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Chapter 2 p. 46-56
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Description: With current policy concerns about shortfalls of labour supply and effects on the social welfare system due to population ageing, there is a need to understand the factors that shape women's choices about if, when and how to retire. Recent trends indicating the increased workforce participation of women demand new policy responses to the end of careers and retirement transitions to sustain acceptable levels of participation and productivity. This book is innovative in that it will examine constellations of factors that disadvantage or advantage women's career and retirement trajectories against a backdrop of public policy efforts to extend working lives.

Teachers as older women workers: stakeholder comments

- Taylor, Philip, Earl, Catherine, Brooke, Elizabeth, McLoughlin, Christopher

Authors: Taylor, Philip , Earl, Catherine , Brooke, Elizabeth , McLoughlin, Christopher
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Retiring women : work and post work transitions Chapter 9 p. 136-146
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Description: Chapter 9 explores conceptions older workers, drawing from interviews with human resources managers and expert stakeholders. Analysis revealed pervasive discrimination based on age and gender and a lack of recognition of the diversity of older workers. They are generally understood in essentialized terms as a single group sharing certain stereotypical attributes. An essentialized discourse of decline underpins representations of older workers. It is argued that the idea of the older worker needs to be problematized.

A perspective on the discovery of selected compounds with anthelmintic activity against the barber's pole worm—Where to from here?

- Jiao, Yaqing, Preston, Sarah, Hofmann, Andreas, Taki, Aya, Baell, Jonathan, Chang, Bill, Jabbar, Abdul, Gasser, Robin

Authors: Jiao, Yaqing , Preston, Sarah , Hofmann, Andreas , Taki, Aya , Baell, Jonathan , Chang, Bill , Jabbar, Abdul , Gasser, Robin
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Advances in Parasitology p. 1-45
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Description: Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals worldwide. Anthelmintic treatment is central to controlling these worms, but widespread resistance to most of the commercially available anthelmintics for veterinary and agricultural use is compromising control, such that there is an urgency to discover new and effective drugs. The purpose of this article is to review information on parasitic nematodes, the treatment and control of parasitic nematode infections and aspects of discovering new anthelmintics in the context of anthelmintic resistance problems, and then to discuss some progress that our group has made in identifying selected compounds with activity against nematodes. The focus of our recent work has been on discovering new chemical entities and known drugs with anthelmintic activities against Haemonchus contortus as well as other socioeconomically important parasitic nematodes for subsequent development. Using whole worm-based phenotypic assays, we have been screening compound collections obtained via product-development-partnerships and/or collaborators, and active compounds have been assessed for their potential as anthelmintic candidates. Following the screening of 15,333 chemicals from five distinct compound collections against H. contortus, we have discovered one new chemical entity (designated SN00797439), two human kinase inhibitors (SNS-032 and AG-1295), 14 tetrahydroquinoxaline analogues, one insecticide (tolfenpyrad) and two tolfenpyrad (pyrazole-5-carboxamide) derivatives (a-15 and a-17) with anthelmintic activity in vitro. Some of these 20 ‘hit’ compounds have selectivity against H. contortus in vitro when compared to particular human cell lines. In our opinion, some of these compounds could represent starting points for ‘lead’ development. Accordingly, the next research steps to be pursued include: (i) chemical optimisation of representative chemicals via structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluations; (ii) assessment of the breadth of spectrum of anthelmintic activity on a range of other parasitic nematodes, such as strongyloids, ascaridoids, enoplids and filarioids; (iii) detailed investigations of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of optimised chemicals with broad nematocidal or nematostatic activity; and (iv) establishment of the modes of action of lead candidates. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

A review of south pacific tropical cyclones : impacts of natural climate variability and climate change

- Chand, Savin, Dowdy, Andrew, Bell, Samuel, Tory, Kevin

Authors: Chand, Savin , Dowdy, Andrew , Bell, Samuel , Tory, Kevin
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Springer Climate p. 251-273
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Description: Impacts of tropical cyclones in the South Pacific Island countries are of great significance. Now with the growing threats from human-induced climate change, the need for effective disaster risk management and adaptation strategies for these island countries is more important than before. In order to implement appropriate strategies, a comprehensive understanding of South Pacific tropical cyclone activity—and how it is likely to change as a result of human-induced climate change—is essential. While a number of past studies have examined various aspects of tropical cyclone activity in the South Pacific basin, a review that consolidates those studies with new information is essential. In this chapter, we first examine tropical cyclone data quality for the South Pacific basin and then review the robustness of the relationship between South Pacific tropical cyclones and drivers of natural climate variability. Note that an understanding of the limitations of the data quality is important to determine the extent of natural climate variability and signatures—if any—of human-induced climate change on tropical cyclones. We then examine the influence of climate change on tropical cyclones using up-to-date historical observations and climate model projections. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Building theories in-practice on Social innovation in disability nonprofit organizations

- Taylor, Rachel, Torugsa, Nuttaneeya

Authors: Taylor, Rachel , Torugsa, Nuttaneeya
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Leadership styles, innovation, and social entrepreneurship in the era of digitalization 9 p. 212-250
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Description: This chapter discusses the key theoretical and empirical steps undertaken throughout the authors’ previous-but-related mixed methods studies on social innovation in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the Australian disability sector with the aim of using the key findings of these studies to develop ‘theories-in-practice’ in disability NPOs. In this chapter, the authors summarize the associated theory-building processes deployed to explain how disability NPOs develop and implement social innovations and the societal ‘system-level’ impacts of such innovations. These theory-building processes involve two broad phases, and the culmination of these phases (grounded in the abductive logics of inquiry, complexity theorizing, and set-theoretic methods) leads to the development of several ‘theories-to-practice’ that not only convey the interactivity of contextual causal mechanisms leading to social innovation by NPOs, but also outline change-oriented solutions for managers who are working to address complex social challenges.

Climate change scenarios and projections for the pacific

- Chand, Savin

Authors: Chand, Savin
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Springer Climate 3 p. 171-199
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Description: Small island countries in the Pacific have characteristics which enhance their vulnerability and reduce their resilience to the effects of climate change, sea-level rise and extreme events. Over the past decade, a number of studies have been undertaken to improve our understanding of climate variability and change in the Pacific. This chapter provides an overview of those studies and discusses possible challenges associated with climate model projections for the small island countries in the Pacific. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Discrete gradient methods

- Bagirov, Adil, Taheri, Sona, Karmitsa, Napsu

Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Taheri, Sona , Karmitsa, Napsu
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Numerical Nonsmooth Optimization: State of the Art Algorithms p. 621-654
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Description: In this chapter, the notion of a discrete gradient is introduced and it is shown that the discrete gradients can be used to approximate subdifferentials of a broad class of nonsmooth functions. Two methods based on such approximations, more specifically, the discrete gradient method (DGM) and its limited memory version (LDGB), are described. These methods are semi derivative-free methods for solving nonsmooth and, in general, nonconvex optimization problems. The performance of the methods is demonstrated using some academic test problems. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Introduction

- Bagirov, Adil, Gaudioso, Manlio, Karmitsa, Napsu, Mäkelä, Marko, Taheri, Sona

Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Gaudioso, Manlio , Karmitsa, Napsu , Mäkelä, Marko , Taheri, Sona
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Numerical Nonsmooth Optimization: State of the Art Algorithms p. 1-16
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Description: Nonsmooth optimization (NSO) is among the most challenging tasks in the field of mathematical programming. It addresses optimization problems where objective and/or constraint functions have discontinuous gradients. NSO problems arise in many real life applications. Moreover, some smooth optimization techniques like different decomposition methods, dual formulations and exact penalty methods may lead us to solve NSO problems being either smaller in dimension or simpler in structure. In addition, some optimization problems may be analytically smooth but numerically nonsmooth. This is the case, for instance, with noisy input data and so-called stiff problems, which are numerically unstable and behave like nonsmooth problems. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

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