- Title
- Terrorism and simulation of terrorist incidents across Critical Infrastructure
- Creator
- Birkett, Dave; Mala-Jetmarova, Helena
- Date
- 2011
- Type
- Text; Conference proceedings
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/63506
- Identifier
- vital:4808
- Identifier
- http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84858801400&partnerID=40&md5=05023818b894bc8fc790878b212111f5
- Abstract
- Terrorism has progressed to a global phenomenon as a terrorist attack has an immediate effect on society not only in the targeted area, but also across the rest of the world. Acts of terrorism are extremely difficult to predict or provide early warning in most cases. In consideration of Australia, which is to a certain extent insulated from the rest of the world by virtue of the sea barrier, there is a history of terrorist incidents reported back to the 1970s. Since the attack on New York in September 2001, the level of terrorism alert to Australia has increased significantly with a current 'Medium' national level of threat. Critical Infrastructure (CI), which is considered essential for contemporary social human existence, has been impacted by multiple and variable external threats in modern times. The destruction at Chernobyl in 1986 and more recent events such as the terrorist incidents at Madrid in 2004, London in 2005, Moscow in 2011 and the tsunami in Japan in 2011 indicate the vulnerability of this infrastructure. Such events translate to threats from both natural disasters referred to as all hazard origin and human interventions such as terrorism. Subsequently, some private and government organisations of CI now regularly rehearse and simulate models of both terrorist incidents and all hazard events as a proactive protection strategy and business continuity process. These models are implemented in a form of scripted Crisis Simulation Exercises (CSE) which simulate a crisis within an organisation in order to strengthen an organisation's ability to manage crisis situations. CI organisations which adopt these strategies are able to mitigate impact of these crises and therefore, are considered to reflect a more resilient organisation to the effects of external impact. CSEs test plans, procedures, equipment and personnel to industry standards required. Within the spectrum of counter-terrorism in particular, the CSEs are becoming more sophisticated and reflective of reality with incorporation of live actions to ensure credibility and reality. The simulated scenario may include a variety of attack methodologies such as biological, chemical, cyber and conventional bombs/blasts and bullets to maintain exercise standards with continuously developing technology of terrorist attacks. This paper defines the topic of terrorism with the profile of terrorists, and examines the terrorism concept and environment both in Australia and internationally including future considerations. It also provides an overview of the simulated framework for mitigation of crisis associated with CI protection with an Australian perspective, suitable for CI protection worldwide. Additionally, this paper examines the concept of terrorism simulation, illustrating a strong case for future simulation progression with some innovative ideas and futuristic predictions as to where terrorist simulations may advance to across the future.
- Publisher
- Perth, WA Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc.
- Rights
- Copyright The Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc.
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- Crisis; Crisis Simulation Exercise (CSE); Critical Infrastructure (CI); Terrorism; Terrorists; All-hazards; Australia; Business continuity; Chernobyl; Counter terrorism; Early warning; Human intervention; Industry standards; Innovative ideas; Modern time; National level; Natural disasters; New York; Pro-active protection; Simulation exercise; Terrorist attacks; Terrorist incident; Test plan; Chemical attack; Critical infrastructures; Hazards; Personnel; Public works
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