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A field investigation of the relationship between rotating shifts, sleep, mental health and physical activity of Australian paramedics

- Khan, Wahaj, Jackson, Melinda, Kennedy, Gerard, Conduit, Russell

  • Authors: Khan, Wahaj , Jackson, Melinda , Kennedy, Gerard , Conduit, Russell
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Scientific Reports Vol. 11, no. 1 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Paramedics working on a rotating shift are at an increased risk of developing chronic health issues due to continuous circadian rhythm disruption. The acute effects of shift rotation and objectively measured sleep have rarely been reported in paramedics. This study investigated the relationships between a rotating shift schedule and sleep (using actigraphy), subjective reports of sleepiness, mood, stress and fatigue. Galvanic Skin Response, energy expenditure and physical activity (BodyMedia SenseWear Armband) were also recorded across the shift schedule. Paramedics were monitored for a period of eight consecutive days across pre-shift, day shift, night shift, and 2 days off. Fifteen paramedics (M age = 39.5 and SD = 10.7 years) who worked rotational shifts experienced sleep restriction during night shift compared to pre-shift, day shift and days off (p < 0.001). Night shift was also associated with higher levels of stress (p < 0.05), fatigue (p < 0.05), and sleepiness (p < 0.05). One day off was related to a return to pre-shift functioning. Such shift-related issues have a compounding negative impact on an already stressful occupation with high rates of physical and mental health issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate methods to reduce rotating shift burden on the health of paramedics. This could be through further research aimed at providing recommendations for shift work schedules with sufficient periods for sleep and recovery from stress. © 2021, The Author(s).

Chinese mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : a qualitative study

- Huang, Chongmei, Lam, Louisa, Zhong, Yaping, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy

  • Authors: Huang, Chongmei , Lam, Louisa , Zhong, Yaping , Plummer, Virginia , Cross, Wendy
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30, no. 1 (2021), p. 189-199
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  • Description: The implementation of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia is limited, although it is reported to have a positive impact on improving treatment adherence, therapeutic relationships and saving medical costs. The successful implementation of it is mainly dependent on the active engagement of mental health professionals. This study aims to identify mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia in collectivist cultures such as Chinese culture. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, involving ten individual interviews with psychiatrists and four focus groups with twenty-three mental health nurses from the psychiatry department of a tertiary hospital in mainland China. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Two main themes with five subthemes generated: willingness to engage in shared decision-making and perceiving shared decision-making as unachievable. The last theme included five subthemes: (i) deference to authority, (ii) tension between family decision-making and patient autonomy, (iii) uncertainty of trusting therapeutic relationships, (iv) implicit persuasion and (v) insufficient consultation time. Patients often lack opportunity and support to engage in decision-making. Mental health nurses in other countries need to be aware that Chinese patients and patients with a similar background are not knowledgeable about or value shared decision-making to the extent that other countries might. They need to evaluate and support them, including encouraging them to engage in decision-making as well as providing appropriate information. Mental health nurses need to collaborate with patients and their families to achieve patient-centred care when family involvement is expected. © 2020 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

COVID-19 distress and worries : the role of attitudes, social support, and positive coping during social isolation

- Moore, Kathleen, Lucas, James

  • Authors: Moore, Kathleen , Lucas, James
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice Vol. 94, no. 2 (2021), p. 365-370
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  • Description: As the COVID-19 pandemic accelerates, one public health response has been for governments to impose quarantine ‘lockdowns’ which require people to socially isolate. In this study, we explored the level of psychological distress that people experienced in social isolation and the factors which might ameliorate or exacerbate it. Two hundred and thirteen participants (69% female) with a mean age of 37.82 years participated in an online study. They completed a series of questions designed as part of a larger cross-national study. A positive attitude towards social isolation introduced by government as a strategy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 was predictive of positive coping strategies, and both attitude and coping predicted reduced psychological distress. Participants’ worries about contagion of COVID-19, their financial status, and the economic and political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted increases in their psychological distress. Social support from family and work colleagues was not significant in reducing worries or psychological distress but it did positively predict engagement in coping. The findings and recommendations are discussed. Practitioner points: Fostering a positive attitude towards social isolation in clients: reduces psychological distress, fosters engagement in positive coping behaviours. Enhancing clients’ level of social support received will serve to increase positive coping and indirectly reduce psychological distress during social isolation. Strategies to reduce clients’ COVID-19 worries are important as worry contributes to their overall level of psychological distress. © 2020 The British Psychological Society

Daddy issues : friends rather than fathers influence adult men's hegemonic masculinity

- Van Doorn, George, Dye, Jacob, de Gracia, Ma Regina

  • Authors: Van Doorn, George , Dye, Jacob , de Gracia, Ma Regina
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 171, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Hegemonic masculinity often refers to negative and socially aversive traits and behaviours associated with idealised masculine norms. Extant literature suggests that several social determinants might influence men's conformity to negative and socially-averse masculine norms, but studies are limited. The present study examined whether the quality of the father-son relationship in childhood impacts hegemonic masculinity in adulthood. In addition, we also determined whether adverse childhood experiences, mother-son relationship quality, as well as familial and peer support explained any additional variance in hegemonic masculinity after controlling for the quality of a man's relationship with his father. A sample of 188 men (aged 18 to 62 years) completed an online survey that included the K-Short Form-42, the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale, and the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-29. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis showed that the self-reported quality of the father-son relationship did not predict hegemonic masculinity. Adverse childhood experiences, mother-son relationship quality, and family support also failed to predict hegemonic masculinity. However, a decrease in support from friends was associated with an increase in hegemonic masculinity, even after controlling for all other variables. The importance of peer relationships in developing and maintaining a man's adherence to traditional masculine norms is underscored. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Dangerous dating in the digital age : jealousy, hostility, narcissism, and psychopathy as predictors of cyber dating abuse

- Branson, Molly, March, Evita

  • Authors: Branson, Molly , March, Evita
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 119, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Cyber Dating Abuse includes perpetration of aggressive and controlling behaviours against an intimate partner via technology. Despite the significant physical and psychological outcomes, there is a paucity in research exploring predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse. In the current study, we replicate and extend previous research by exploring the utility of jealousy, hostility, narcissism (grandiose and vulnerable), and psychopathy (primary and secondary) as predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse. Participants (N = 817; 78.2% women; Mage = 28.16, SD = 10.49) were recruited via social media and completed an online questionnaire which comprised measures of jealousy, hostility, narcissism, psychopathy, and perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse behaviours. Results supported the hypotheses that jealousy, vulnerable narcissism, and secondary psychopathy would be significant, positive predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse perpetration. No other predictor reached significance, and gender (control variable) was also a non-significant predictor. Results are discussed through the lens of evolutionary theory and the General Aggression Model and indicate that the perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse may be better attributed to reactive, emotional aggression, compared to proactive, instrumental aggression. These results have important clinical and practical implications and may inform management and prevention of online intimate partner abuse and violence. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Differences in emotion knowledge among Filipino deaf children, adolescents, and young adults

- de Gracia, Ma Regina, de Rosnay, Marc, Hawes, David, Perez, Maria

  • Authors: de Gracia, Ma Regina , de Rosnay, Marc , Hawes, David , Perez, Maria
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 180, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Developmental evidence regarding emotion knowledge and deafness has come almost exclusively from Western populations. In this study, we examined associations between deafness, emotion understanding (EU), and affective recognition and labelling (ARL) in deaf and hearing individuals from the Philippines. A sample of 205 Filipino participants (102 deaf; ages 8 to 22 years) completed the Diagnostic Assessment of Non-Verbal Ability – 2 and the Test of Emotion Comprehension to measure ARL and EU, respectively. Results from hierarchical linear regressions show that, after controlling for age and verbal ability, both groups were on par on total ARL skills. In contrast, the deaf cohort performed poorer on total EU relative to the hearing controls over and above age and verbal ability. Several possible explanations for findings were also discussed. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Effect of recovery-based interventions on recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals, regarding recovery-oriented practice : a quantitative narrative review

- Sreeram, Anju, Cross, Wendy, Townsin, Louise

  • Authors: Sreeram, Anju , Cross, Wendy , Townsin, Louise
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International journal of mental health nursing Vol. 30, no. 5 (2021), p. 1057-1069
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  • Description: Mental health recovery is an enabling process encouraging consumers to live a productive life, notwithstanding the presence of debilitating symptoms of illness. The recovery model has been integrated into all areas of mental health. However, literature shows that mental health professionals are not equipped to provide recovery-oriented care to consumers. Researchers have recommended recovery-based interventions to develop knowledge, attitudes and skills to promote recovery-oriented practice in mental health, yet there is a paucity of research regarding the effect of recovery-oriented interventions on the knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals to improve recovery-oriented practice. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to understand the effectiveness of interventions on recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals regarding recovery-oriented practice. The papers were identified through the Population Intervention Comparison and Outcome strategy. The heterogeneity of the selected papers led to a narrative review instead of a systematic review with meta-analysis. The analysis suggested that recovery-based interventions are effective in enhancing the recovery knowledge and attitudes of mental health professionals. Recovery-based interventions have the potential to reduce the use of physical restraints and improve work satisfaction among mental health professionals. The limitations of the studies were the heterogeneity of the selected populations and the absence of strong methodologies to assess the effect of the interventions. Therefore, future investigations should be focused on the effect of interventions on a homogeneous group using randomised controlled trials. Keywords: mental health professionals, mental health nurses, practice, recovery knowledge and attitude, recovery-based interventions.

Getting into the “Dad Zone” : how do primary caregiving fathers of young children experience social support?

- Gill, Peter, Scacco, Sarina, De Haan, Sarah, Gent, Angela, Chapin, Laurie, Ganci, Michael, Morda, Romana

  • Authors: Gill, Peter , Scacco, Sarina , De Haan, Sarah , Gent, Angela , Chapin, Laurie , Ganci, Michael , Morda, Romana
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Child and Family Studies Vol. 30, no. 4 (2021), p. 1028-1042
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  • Description: Primary caregiving fathers (PCGFs) are a growing population that experience unique struggles on a day-to-day basis. The current study aimed to explore how fathers interpret and experience their daily responsibilities and interactions with social support, as they undertake their roles as primary caregivers. Using grounded theory, 14 PCGFs defined as those providing sole care for their 1–10 year olds for at least 25 h per week, participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their experiences of fatherhood and social supports. Participants highlighted the ways in which social support, particularly adult companionship, helped them find a social balance and allowed them to re-energise and be better fathers. In particular, the men reported that interaction with people with similar experiences was important in helping them to discursively negotiate their non-traditional roles. Analysis revealed a three-stage identity transition process where the men initially took on primary responsibility, then began to embody the primary care giver role, and finally transitioned to a new normal. The PCGFs in the study provide evidence that we may be observing a shift from what may be classed as outdated notions of one-dimensional fathering to a more well-informed masculine ideal that embraces caring and nurturing qualities. However, providing further avenues of support for PCFGs is important in order to mitigate possible social isolation and to enhance their wellbeing. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.

How can stress resilience be monitored? A systematic review of measurement in humans

- O’Donohue, Josephine, Mesagno, Christopher, O’Brien, Brendan

  • Authors: O’Donohue, Josephine , Mesagno, Christopher , O’Brien, Brendan
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Current Psychology Vol. 40, no. 6 (2021), p. 2853-2876
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  • Description: Stress resilience studies focus on resilience operationalised within the context of stressors. Currently, there is no clear operationalisation of stress resilience in humans. To identify and critically examine measures used to assess stress resilience. A systematic review of English and non-English articles using PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL was conducted. No date limits were set. Search terms included stress resilience, resilience to stress, stress resilient, and humans. Studies were selected based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. Empirical, quantitative research studies that measured individual stress resilience in humans were eligible for inclusion in this review. Two researchers conducted independent extraction of articles based on predefined fields, focusing on types of measures used. A narrative synthesis was used to present the findings, structured around the types of instruments used and conceptual focuses of these measures. We identified a number of measures, both self-report and performance based. We highlight the heterogeneity in operationalisation of stress resilience and suggest that, in future, researchers’ state operationalised definitions of stress resilience overtly to decrease confusion. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

In search of the optimum structural model for internet gaming disorder

- Stavropoulos, Vasileios, Gomez, Rapson, Griffiths, Mark

  • Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Gomez, Rapson , Griffiths, Mark
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC Psychiatry Vol. 21, no. 1 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Background: Internet gaming Disorder (IGD) constitutes a recently proposed clinical disorder (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). The present study examined if IGD is best conceptualized as categorical (present/absent), or dimensional (severity ranging from low to high), or both (i.e., hybrid of categorical/dimensional). Methods: Ratings of the nine DSM-5 IGD symptoms, as presented in the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9-Short Form (Pontes & Griffiths, Comput Hum Behav 45:137-143, 2015), from 738 gamers, aged 17 to 72 years, were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), latent class analysis (LCA), and factor mixture modelling analysis (FMMA) procedures were applied to determine the optimum IGD model. Results: Although the findings showed most support for a FFMA model with two classes and one factor, there was also good statistical and substantive support for the one-factor CFA model, and the LCA model with three classes. Conclusion: It was concluded that while the optimum structure of IGD is most likely to be a hybrid model (i.e., concurrently categorical and dimensional), a uni-dimensional model and/or a three-class categorical model are also plausible. © 2021, The Author(s).

Influence of core competence on voice behavior of clinical nurses : a multicenter cross-sectional study

- Guo, Yufang, Wang, Xinxin, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Wang, Shuangshuang

  • Authors: Guo, Yufang , Wang, Xinxin , Plummer, Virginia , Cross, Wendy , Lam, Louisa , Wang, Shuangshuang
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology Research and Behavior Management Vol. 14, no. (2021), p. 501-510
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  • Description: Background: Voice behavior, referred to as a positive guarantee for organizational development, is influenced by several kinds of individual, collective and organizational features. However, the impact of individual competence on voice behavior is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status quo of core competence and voice behavior of clinical nurses and explore the impact of core competence on nurses’ voice behavior. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey. A total of 1717 nurses were recruited from nine tertiary and secondary hospitals between March and June 2019. An online questionnaire, including socio-demographic variables, employee voice behavior scale and competence inventory for registered nurses, was used to investigate prohibitive and promotive voice behavior and core competence of clinical nurses. Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were performed in the data analysis. Results: The mean score for prohibitive and promotive voice behavior of nurses were 3.46 (SD 0.77) and 3.46 (SD 0.88), respectively. The mean score for core competence was 2.46 (SD 0.77). Critical thinking/research aptitude was the most important predictor for both prohibitive and promotive voice behavior (each p < 0.05), but its influence on promotive voice behavior was greater (p < 0.05). Leadership was another significant predictor for prohibitive voice behavior (p < 0.05). Legal/ethical practice, teaching-coaching, professional development and shift work were other predictors for promotive voice behavior (each p < 0.05). Conclusion: Clinical nurses experience modest levels of prohibitive and promotive voice behavior and their core competence is moderate. Core competence, especially critical thinking/research aptitude, impacts significantly on voice behavior of clinical nurses. Cultivating nurses’ core competence could positively increase their voice behavior for organizational development. © 2021 Guo et al.

More than a preference for online social interaction : vulnerable narcissism and phubbing

- Grieve, Rachel, Lang, Cathryne, March, Evita

  • Authors: Grieve, Rachel , Lang, Cathryne , March, Evita
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 175, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: This study was the first to examine whether the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and phubbing (phone snubbing) can be explained by preference for online social interaction. Participants (N = 402) completed measures of narcissistic vulnerability, phubbing, and preference for online social interaction, along with measures of grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and social anxiety, which were included as covariates in a mediation analysis. As hypothesised, preference for online social interaction mediated the vulnerable narcissism—phubbing relationship, however this effect was only partial, with narcissistic vulnerability still having a significant and positive direct effect on phubbing. These results indicate that phubbing may allow individuals with vulnerable narcissism to meet contingent self-esteem needs—i.e., needs which are more readily managed through the asynchronous and more controllable online environment—but that other aspects of narcissistic vulnerability also drive phubbing behaviours. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Prospective associations between hegemonic masculinity and incident depression/depressive symptoms : results from a national sample of Australian emerging adult men

- Van Doorn, George, Teese, Robert, Gill, Peter

  • Authors: Van Doorn, George , Teese, Robert , Gill, Peter
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 179, no. (Journal article 2021), p.
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  • Description: Emerging adulthood is associated with several freedoms and opportunities, but is also a period of increased risk for several physical and mental health conditions. This study assessed the association between adherence to traditional masculine norms at baseline and incident depression and incident depressive symptoms at follow-up in a national sample of Australian emerging adult men (18–29 years). We performed binary logistic regressions based on two waves of data from a national longitudinal survey, Ten to Men: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. The sample comprised 2170 emerging adult men who completed both the Wave 1 (2013–2014) and Wave 2 (2015–2016) surveys. Results indicated that adhering to multidimensional hegemonic masculine norms at baseline did not confer risk for developing either incident Major Depression or incident depressive symptoms at follow-up, except for adhering to ‘playboy’ (e.g., desire for multiple sexual partners). These findings conflict with previous reports showing that hegemonic masculinity is associated with depression and depressive symptoms, and suggest that the assumption that adhering to traditional masculine norms places men at greater risk for depression should be questioned, at least during the emerging adult stage of the lifespan. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

Resilience among trans and gender-diverse adults : the protective role of dispositional hope in the perceived burdensomeness-suicide relationship

- Snooks, Matthew, McLaren, Suzanne

  • Authors: Snooks, Matthew , McLaren, Suzanne
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Vol. 8, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-67
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  • Description: Trans and gender-diverse (TGD) adults are at increased risk for suicide. A wealth of evidence supports perceived burdensomeness as an independent key risk factor for suicide. Few studies have investigated dispositional hope or its components (agency and pathways) as a psychological resilience factor within the TGD population. The present study investigated the role of dispositional hope as a moderator in the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults. An international sample of 848 TGD adults aged 18 to 80 years (Mage= 26.27, SD = 7.70), who identified as male (n = 197), female (n = 614), or gender nonbinary (n = 37), completed the online questionnaires. Results demonstrated that dispositional hope, agency, and pathways were significant moderators, strengthening the perceived burdensomeness-suicidal ideation and behaviors relationship. Closer examination of the moderation effects suggests that higher levels of dispositional hope and its components may be protective against suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults experiencing lower, but not higher, levels of perceived burdensomeness. Future research is urgently warranted within this population to help inform specialized interventions that may protect TGD adults who experience higher levels of perceived burdensomeness and are at high risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—This study indicates that interventions which enhance hope may be related to lower levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with low, but not high, levels of perceived burdensomeness. It also highlights the urgent need for research aimed at identifying protective factors that may reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with high levels of perceived burdensomeness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association

Self-report motor competence in adolescents aged 12–18 years in regional and rural Victoria (Australia)

- Plumb, Mandy, Hands, Beth, McIntyre, Fleur, Timler, Amanda

  • Authors: Plumb, Mandy , Hands, Beth , McIntyre, Fleur , Timler, Amanda
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Vol. 92, no. 3 (2021), p. 388-398
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  • Description: Background: Poor motor skills are an increasing issue for adolescents in our local communities. In regional Victoria, almost 20% of children starting school in 2018 were considered at risk or developmentally vulnerable in the domain of physical health and wellbeing. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine factors (how adolescents perceive their fine and gross motor skills, activities of daily living, comparison to peers) of motor competence that may be important to adolescents in regional Victoria, Australia, using the Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ). Methods: A sample of 183 Australian adolescents ([138 females (Mage = 15.59 years, SD = 1.56); 45 males, (Mage = 15.82 years, SD = 1.95); 12–18 years old] completed the AMCQ. Results: The mean AMCQ score was 87.86 (SD = 7.55), with no significant difference between males (M = 89.67 SD = 7.29) and females [M = 87.28 SD = 7.56; t (181 = 1.86 p =.065)]. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA), extracted five factors (Eiqenvalue of 1.389) explaining 43.46% of variance, representing, Ball Skills and Kinesthesis; Activities of Daily Living; Fine Motor and Gross Motor; Proprioception and Exteroception; Public Performance. Conclusion: The results highlight key factors important in describing an adolescent’s motor competence within regional Victoria. With physical health a priority in local communities, understanding these factors is an important first, that which may inform development of physical activity interventions for adolescents. © 2020 SHAPE America.

Study addiction and ‘dark’ personality traits : a cross-sectional survey study among emerging adults

- Kircaburun, Kagan, Süral, Irfan, March, Evita, Balta, Sabah, Emirtekin, Emrah, Griffiths, Mark

  • Authors: Kircaburun, Kagan , Süral, Irfan , March, Evita , Balta, Sabah , Emirtekin, Emrah , Griffiths, Mark
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Addictive Diseases Vol. 39, no. 3 (2021), p. 307-315
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  • Description: Background: Research has shown that personality traits can have an important role in the development and maintenance of behavioral addictions. However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness) and ‘study addiction’ has yet to be investigated. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of dark traits with study addiction among the total sample, males, and females separately, while adjusting for the Big Five personality traits (i.e., extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness). Methods: A total of 716 university students completed an online survey, including questions assessing the aforementioned variables. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that being female, neuroticism, conscientiousness, Machiavellianism, and sadism were positively associated with study addiction. However, dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, sadism) were significantly related to study addiction only in males but not in females. Conclusions: Findings of this preliminary study suggest that dark personality traits may be better at explaining male addictive studying patterns and that gender should be taken into account when investigating the role of personality in the development of study addiction. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

The role of ideological attitudes in responses to COVID-19 threat and government restrictions in Australia

- Clarke, Edward, Klas, Anna, Dyos, Emily

  • Authors: Clarke, Edward , Klas, Anna , Dyos, Emily
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 175, no. (2021), p.
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  • Description: Many government strategies to reduce the spread of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) involved unprecedented restrictions on personal movement, disrupting social and economic norms. Although generally well-received in Australia, community frustration regarding these restrictions appeared to diverge across political lines. Therefore, we examined the unique effects of the ideological subfactors of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; Aggression, Submission and Conventionalism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism) in predicting perceived personal threat of COVID-19, and support for and reactance to government restrictions, in Australian residents across two separate samples (S1 N = 451, S2 N = 838). COVID-19 threat was positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, and Anti-egalitarianism. Support for restrictions was also positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. Reactance to government restrictions was negatively predicted by Submission, and positively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. These findings suggest that right-wing ideological subfactors contribute to the one's perception of COVID-19 threat and government restrictions differentially. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

A narrative review of pharmacotherapy treatment for opioid addiction and application in a community-based model in Victoria, Australia

- Vishwanath, Tejaswini, Cash, Penelope, Penney, Wendy, Cant, Robyn

  • Authors: Vishwanath, Tejaswini , Cash, Penelope , Penney, Wendy , Cant, Robyn
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Vol. 18, no. 1 (2020), p. 66-76
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  • Description: To review the literature regarding the value and consumer focus of research on opioid replacement therapy (ORT) programs, relevant to the Australian rural context and community pharmacy. We conducted a narrative review of literature published between 1995 and 2015, searching EBSCOhost, PubMed and Google Scholar. Three authors collaborated to screen and synthesise studies. Effectiveness, cost affordability, diversion and retention benefits were reported from pharmacological or prescribers’ or dispensers’ standpoint. Research was fragmented and evaluated contributions of these individual types of stakeholders with less discussion of consumers, or consumers’ everyday experiences of ORT. No studies took into account consumers’ psychosocial aspects or power discourses. We found ORT as a beneficial treatment for opioid dependence is well researched, although overall Australian program evaluation was lacking. A gap within ORT literature should be addressed by making consumer experiences central in designs for future research and for program evaluation. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Associations of behavioral inhibition system with negatively biased social cognitions : moderation by the behavioral approach system

- Gomez, Rapson, Watson, Shaun, Stavropoulos, Vasileios

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 166, no. (2020), p.
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  • Description: Using the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) subscales of the BIS/BAS Scales (Carver & White, 1994), this study examined how the association of the BIS and the negatively biased social cognitions of social comparison, social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation, were moderated by BAS-Drive and BAS-Reward Responsiveness. A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings indicted moderation by BAS-D for the predictions of social comparison, social ineptness, and negative self-statements, and moderation by BAS-RR for the predictions of social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation. For moderation effects, moderation was present at lower levels of BAS-D, and at higher levels of BAS-RR. © 2020

Communities of practice : a systematic review and meta-synthesis of what it means and how it really works among nursing students and novices

- Terry, Daniel, Nguyen, Hoang, Peck, Blake, Smith, Andrew, Phan, Hoang

  • Authors: Terry, Daniel , Nguyen, Hoang , Peck, Blake , Smith, Andrew , Phan, Hoang
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 29, no. 3-4 (2020), p. 370-380
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  • Description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the enablers, barriers and impact that communities of practice have on novice nurses and students learning to become registered nurses. Background: Communities of practice have formed the basis for conceptualising the process of learning that occurs among groups of people within a place of work—a mainstay of healthcare practice. There is a dearth of literature that focuses specifically on the outcomes from student and novice engagement with existing communities of practice. Design: Systematic review and Meta-synthesis. Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were accessed between 1997–2019. The screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research. Meta-synthesis was grounded in the original experiences and collectively synthesised into meaningful themes. The review follows the PRISMA reporting guidelines and PRISMA checklist. Results: The findings highlight three major themes and included enablers for successful communities of practice, barriers to successful communities of practice, and success in action as described by students and novice nurses. Discussion: We suggest successful communities of practice occur when safe and supported spaces ensure students and novices feel comfortable to experiment with their learning, and we emphasise the benefits of having more novice nurses situated within close proximity and under the direct influence of the established practices of more experienced or core group of peers. Relevance to clinical practice: Communities of practice that function successfully create an environment that prioritises the embedding of novices into the broader group. In so doing, students and novice nurses feel supported, welcomed, empowered, and able to make the transition from student to colleague and novice nurse to more experienced nurse. It allows them to experiment with ever new ways of fulfilling the role, while aiding better clinical outcomes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd