Description:
Physicochemical characteristics of three type biodiesel feedstock and diesel engine parameters fuelled with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel blends have been investigated. Three types of oilseeds, namely Evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana), the fruit of Tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) and Camelina (Camelina sativa), were selected as suitable resources for Iran. The result showed that the Tree of heaven contains 38% oil which is higher than the Evening primrose (26%) and Camelina (29%). Physicochemical properties of the oils showed that the viscosity of the Camelina oilseeds was less than the Tree of heaven oilseeds and Evening primrose oilseeds. Therefore, in terms of viscosity, the Camelina oilseeds is preferable. Experimental results showed that the biodiesel from all three types of oilseeds are consistent with the ASTM biodiesel standards. However, Camelina biodiesel has better physicochemical properties than another feedstock. Therefore, biodiesel of Camelina oil can be an appropriate alternative to diesel fuels in Iran. Performance and emission parameters of diesel engine fuelled with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles addition in three biodiesel resources compared with diesel. A reduction in UHCs, CO, and BSFC with a penalty of increased NOx emissions was realized with all graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles addition in diesel/biodiesel blends. Also, with Camelina biodiesel, the power increased.
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"The Wadawurrung are the Aboriginal people whose Country includes the cities now known as Ballarat and Geelong. Fred Cahir examines the contact history in the period 1800-1870 of the Wadawurrung and the ngamadjidj (generally translated as white stranger belonging to the sea). Divided into chronological and thematic section, the book chronicles three waves of invasion: the early invasion period incorporating trespassers predominately from the sea, the sheepherders or squatters who followed in their wake and usurped the Wadawurrung of all their Country for sheep runs, and the third wave of invaders - the gold seekers. This historical study is transformative as it presents a compelling argument of how the Wadawurrung were active agents of change and sought cultural enrichment in the midst of the frontier war on their Country." --back cover.
Description:
Background Though rare, rugby union carries a risk for serious injuries such as acute spinal cord injuries (ASCI), which may result in permanent disability. Various studies have investigated injury mechanisms, prevention programmes and immediate medical management of these injuries. However, relatively scant attention has been placed on the player's experience of such an injury and the importance of context. Aim The aim of this study was to explore the injury experience and its related context, as perceived by the catastrophically injured player. Methods A qualitative approach was followed to explore the immediate, postevent injury experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 48 (n=48) players who had sustained a rugby-related ASCI. Results Four themes were derived from the data. Participants described the context around the injury incident, which may be valuable to help understand the mechanism of injury and potentially minimise risk. Participants also described certain contributing factors to their injury, which included descriptions of foul play and aggression, unaccustomed playing positions, pressure to perform and unpreparedness. The physical experience included signs and symptoms of ASCI that is important to recognise by first aiders, fellow teammates, coaches and referees. Lastly, participants described the emotional experience which has implications for all ASCI first responders. Significance All rugby stakeholders, including players, first responders, coaches and referees, may gain valuable information from the experiences of players who have sustained these injuries. This information is also relevant for rugby safety initiatives in shaping education and awareness interventions.
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The Austrian-born Alex Jesaulenko played football in the Victorian Football League (VFL) from 1967 to 1981. His rise to national prominence emerged during a period of great change within both Australian society and Australian rules football. This thesis, through a critical biographical approach, examines for the first time Jesaulenko’s early life, looking at his migrant experience and the role that Australian rules football played in aiding his integration into Australian society. It is not a kick-and-handball analysis of Jesaulenko’s entire football career; that has been extensively covered within copious amounts of primary and secondary sources. Instead, it explores his migrant journey – an important aspect of Jesaulenko’s life which has been largely overlooked – and the key developmental years of sporting education prior to emerging as a VFL champion. It concludes with one of, if not the most, iconic moments in the game’s history: Jesaulenko’s mark in the 1970 VFL grand final, which cemented his name within the Australian sporting consciousness. Australian rules football, and sport more generally, holds a unique place within society. Footballers, it can be argued, are archetypes for our daily dreams and aspirations; exalted figures that we afford status which few will experience in their everyday lives. Therefore, it is through the prism of Jesaulenko’s journey that we can learn more about the role Australian rules football has played for migrants integrating into Australian society.
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In order for video replay to be an effective assessment and teaching tool, a number of steps need to be followed. This article provides some useful tips for physical educators to ensure they are implementing this video technology effectively when teaching the overarm throw.
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Background: Injuries are common in rugby sevens, but studies to date have been limited to short, noncontinuous periods and reporting of match injuries only. Purpose: To report the injury incidence rate (IIR), severity, and burden of injuries sustained by men and women in the Australian rugby sevens program and to provide the first longitudinal investigation of subsequent injury occurrence in rugby sevens looking beyond tournament injuries only. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Ninety international rugby sevens players (55 men and 35 women) were prospectively followed over 2 consecutive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). All medical attention injuries were reported irrespective of time loss. Individual exposure in terms of minutes, distance, and high-speed distance was captured for each player for matches and on-field training, with the use of global positioning system devices. The IIR and injury burden (IIR × days lost to injury) were calculated per 1000 player-hours, and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Seventy-three players (81.1%) sustained 365 injuries at an IIR of 43.2 per 1000 player-hours (95% CI, 43.0-43.3). As compared with male players, female players experienced a lower IIR (incidence rate ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90-0.91). Female players also sustained a higher proportion of injuries to the trunk region (relative risk, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.28-2.40) but a lower number to the head/neck region (relative risk, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37-0.93; P =.011). The majority (80.7%) of subsequent injuries were of a different site and nature than previous injuries. A trend toward a reduced number of days, participation time, distance, and high-speed distance completed before the next injury was observed after successive injury occurrence. Conclusion: Female players have a lower IIR than male players, with variation of injury profiles observed between sexes. With a surveillance period of 2 years, subsequent injuries account for the majority of injuries sustained in rugby sevens, and they are typically different from previous types of sustained injuries. After each successive injury, the risk profile for future injury occurrence appears to be altered, which warrants further investigation to inform injury prevention strategies in rugby sevens.
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Performed 11th September-15th September 2019 By William Shakespeare Presented by the Third Year Acting Company Farce: a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterisation and ludicrously improbable situations. Yep that’s it. Two sets of twins, a wife a sister and a dad condemned to death and heaps of mistaken identity. A ‘comedy’ that speaks to us today about gender, power and the patriarchy. Director: James Pratt Venue: Helen Macpherson Smith Theatre, Camp Street Campus
Description:
The importance of outbound markets to a host country has increased scholars' interest in understanding motivational factors. Motivation is a basic determinant of tourists' behaviour and has a fundamental role in tourism. The awareness of motivational differences among tourists from main generating markets is a prerequisite for effective and successful destination marketing programs. However, cross-cultural motivation comparisons of tourists from different cultural backgrounds has received relatively little research attention. In addition, there has not been a content analysis undertaken on this topic. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine and synthesise previous studies on cross-cultural tourist motivation comparison, reveal the gaps in the literature and indicate the future research trends. A review of 71 publications covering a period of 30 years, from 1988 to 2017, was conducted. This study focuses on both subject areas and research methods used. The findings of this content analysis identified a recent growth in cross-cultural comparison studies. The analysis also revealed an increase in more advanced analysis including multiple variables such as motivations, satisfaction, segmentation of visitors, intention behaviours, and information search behaviour. The analysis of nationalities compared in the reviewed studies indicated the shift of research interest towards Asian countries. In the case of research methods, quantitative design is more common for cross-cultural motivation studies.
Description:
Despite the progress of the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent decades, the knowledge of CSR has been very limited in hospitality and tourism industry in general and in hotel industry in particular. A literature search revealed that scholarly research in the area of CSR in hotel industry began in mid-2000 and it has grown in recent years. However, there has been no review of literature conducted covering CSR issues exclusively in hotel industry. Given the growth of publications in CSR research in hotel industry, it was felt that a content analysis of research would be valuable to scholarship. The present study aims to contribute to this end by presenting a review of articles published in scholarly journals until mid-2017. The findings suggest that the initial focus of CSR research in hotel industry was in the area of CSR practices (economic, social and environmental), impact and importance of CSR, perceptions of CSR by consumers and managers. Interestingly, with the growth of research in recent years, the focus has shifted more towards CSR communication/reporting, green/environmental responsibility and sustainability area. This paper is perhaps the first content analysis of CSR research in hotel industry—an industry that is often blamed for irresponsible use of environmental resources and hence responsible for environmental un-sustainability. It is envisaged that this paper will stimulate further research into CSR in hotel industry and therefore to contribute to advance the field.
Description:
The problem of finding a continuous piecewise linear function approximating a regression function is considered. This problem is formulated as a nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problem where the objective function is represented as a difference of convex (DC) functions. Subdifferentials of DC components are computed and an algorithm is designed based on these subdifferentials to find piecewise linear functions. The algorithm is tested using some synthetic and real world data sets and compared with other regression algorithms.
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Decentralized content sharing (DCS) is emerging as a suitable platform for smart mobile device users to generate and share contents seamlessly without the requirement of a centralized server. This feature is particularly important for places that lack Internet coverage such as tourist attractions where users can form an ad-hoc network and communicate opportunistically to share contents. Existing DCS approaches when applied for such type of places suffer from low delivery success rate and high latency. Although a handful of recent approaches have specifically targeted improvement of content delivery service in tourist spot like scenario, these and other DCS approaches do not focus on contents’ demand and supply which vary considerably due to visitor in-and-out flow and occurrence of influencing events. This is further compounded by the lack of any content distribution (replication) scheme. The content delivery service will be improved if contents can be proactively distributed in strategic positions based on dynamic demand and supply and medium access contention. In this paper, we propose a dynamic content distribution scheme (DCDS) considering these practical issues for sharing contents in tourist attractions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly improves (7
Description:
Objectives MoodSwings 2.0 is an online self-guided intervention for bipolar disorder that includes educational modules, interactive tools, and discussion forums. The primary aim of the study was to determine if participation in MoodSwings 2.0 would result in decreased symptoms of depression and mania compared to the control condition. Secondary aims were to identify improvements in core depression symptoms, quality of life, medication adherence, functioning, and time to relapse. Methods This was a three-arm randomized controlled trial that compared two intervention arms against a peer support control group (forum). A total of 304 adults aged 21 to 65 years with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were assigned to a forum-only control group (Group 1; n = 102), a forum plus modules treatment group (Group 2; n = 102), or a forum, modules, and tools treatment group (Group 3; n = 100), in addition to usual care. Results There was a significant intervention impact showing improvement on the primary outcome of depression for Group 2 compared to Group 1 (P = .05) with effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from 0.17 to 0.43. There was also a significant intervention impact showing improvement on the secondary outcome of core depression for Group 2 (P = .02) and Group 3 (P = .05), but worse physical functioning for Group 3 (P = .01), compared to Group 1. Conclusions This study provides evidence of the efficacy of internet-based psychoeducation interventions for bipolar disorder in reducing depressive symptoms. Further investigation is needed to assess effectiveness in a public program.
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In this paper, a novel sharp Augmented Lagrangian-based global optimization method is developed for solving constrained non-convex optimization problems. The algorithm consists of outer and inner loops. At each inner iteration, the discrete gradient method is applied to minimize the sharp augmented Lagrangian function. Depending on the solution found the algorithm stops or updates the dual variables in the inner loop, or updates the upper or lower bounds by going to the outer loop. The convergence results for the proposed method are presented. The performance of the method is demonstrated using a wide range of nonlinear smooth and non-smooth constrained optimization test problems from the literature.
Description:
Objectives: To review the incidence of abrasion injuries sustained on artificial turf playing fields and the level of evidence existing on player perceptions of abrasion injuries on these surfaces. Design: Systematic review. Method: A systematic search was performed using SPORTDiscus, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases. Inclusion criteria included: abrasion type injuries measured; conducted on artificial/synthetic turf; type of sport reported; peer-reviewed original research; English language search terms, but no language restrictions. A quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality scale. Results: The search yielded 76 potential articles, with 25 meeting all inclusion criteria. Twenty articles were injury-based and five were perception–based. The differences in injury definition and the lack of details of the playing surfaces produced varying results on the rate of injuries on artificial turf. Regardless of the condition of the surface, the level of play, or the sport, players perceived the fear of abrasion injuries as a major disadvantage of artificial turf surfaces. Conclusions: The review highlighted the current disparity that exists between players’ perceptions of abrasion injuries and the level of evidence of abrasion injury risk on artificial turf playing surfaces. There is a need for the inclusion of greater detail of playing surfaces’ specifications and condition, and an injury definition sufficiently sensitive to better measure abrasion injury incidence and severity. Without this more detailed information, it is likely that the strongly perceived risk of abrasion injuries will continue as a barrier to the adoption of artificial playing surfaces.
Description:
Objective: To identify the extent to which rurality influences the admission and mortality rates for acute circulatory complications among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: All Victorian hospitals. Participants: State-wide hospital admissions from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2015 using the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. Data included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diagnosis of acute cardiovascular events, acute cerebrovascular haemorrhage or infarction, acute peripheral vascular events or hypertensive diseases. Main outcome measure: Rates of admission and mortality were calculated for local government areas and Department of Health regions. Regression analysis identified the influence between admission rates and various predictor variables. Results: In total, 5785 emergency hospital admissions occurred during the study period, with the highest and lowest mortality and admission rates occurring in rural areas. Moderately high admission rates were identified in urban areas. Cardiovascular events far outnumbered other acute circulatory admissions. Regression analysis identified a number of significant socioeconomic variables, primarily for metropolitan residents. Socioeconomic disadvantage was the only significant factor in rural areas. Conclusion: Victorian admission and mortality rates for acute circulatory complications are greatest in rural areas; yet, there is considerable heterogeneity in the admission rates within both rural and metropolitan areas. Furthermore, socioeconomic status is more influential than remoteness in determining emergency admissions. Further research needs to investigate the particular variables that lead to poorer outcomes rurally, investigate socioeconomic disadvantage in rural areas and have greater emphasis on peripheral vascular disease prevention.
Description:
In this work, we propose an adaptive phase field method (PFM) to simulate quasi-static brittle fracture problems. The phase field equations are solved using the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). The adaptive refinement strategy is based on an error indicator evaluated directly from the solutions of the SBFEM without any need for stress recovery techniques. Quadtree meshes are adapted to perform mesh refinement. The polygons with hanging nodes in the quadtree decomposition are treated as n−sided polygons within the framework of the SBFEM and do not require any special treatment in contrast to the conventional finite element method. Several benchmark problems are used to demonstrate the robustness and the efficacy of the proposed technique. The adaptive refinement strategy reduces the mesh burden when adopting the PFM to model fracture. Numerical results show an improvement in the computational efficiency in terms of the number of elements required in the standard PFM without compromising the accuracy of the solution.
Description:
24th August-20th October 2019. In partnership with the Ballarat International FOTO Biennale (BIFB'19), the School of Arts Post Office Gallery presents 'Soldiers’, a selection of works from the compelling series created by Adi Nes, one of Israel’s leading contemporary photographers. Captured between 1994 and 2000, Nes’s series focuses on both the intermediary moments between privacy and intimacy within the rigid framework of military life, and the loss of innocence within this highly masculine world. Considered one of the most important series of works in contemporary Israeli photography, Nes's work has been collected by prestigious museums and private collectors worldwide. Achieving awards including the 1999 Minister of Education, Culture and Sport Prize, Nes’s work was described by the New York Times as “shrewd send ups of the pervasive, macho military presence in Israeli life”. PROUDLY SUPPORTED BY Debbie Daddon and Embassy of Israel, Australia Image: Adi Nes, Untitled, 1995 digital print on Hahnemühle Photo Rag Baryta 315 gsm Courtesy the artist and Sommer Contemporary Art. Tel Aviv
Description:
24th August-20th October 2019. In partnership with the Ballarat International FOTO Biennale (BIFB'19), the School of Arts Post Office Gallery presents 'Soldiers’, a selection of works from the compelling series created by Adi Nes, one of Israel’s leading contemporary photographers. Captured between 1994 and 2000, Nes’s series focuses on both the intermediary moments between privacy and intimacy within the rigid framework of military life, and the loss of innocence within this highly masculine world. Considered one of the most important series of works in contemporary Israeli photography, Nes's work has been collected by prestigious museums and private collectors worldwide. Achieving awards including the 1999 Minister of Education, Culture and Sport Prize, Nes’s work was described by the New York Times as “shrewd send ups of the pervasive, macho military presence in Israeli life”. PROUDLY SUPPORTED BY Debbie Daddon and Embassy of Israel, Australia Image: Adi Nes, Untitled, 1995 digital print on Hahnemühle Photo Rag Baryta 315 gsm Courtesy the artist and Sommer Contemporary Art. Tel Aviv
Description:
Nonsmooth convex optimization problems with two blocks of variables subject to linear constraints are considered. A new version of the alternating direction method of multipliers is developed for solving these problems. In this method the subproblems are solved approximately. The convergence of the method is studied. New test problems are designed and used to verify the efficiency of the proposed method and to compare it with two versions of the proximal bundle method.
Description:
Objectives: To assess the utility and functionality of the X-Patch® as a measurement tool to study head impact exposure in Australian Football. Accuracy, precision, reliability and validity were examined. Designs: Laboratory tests and prospective observational study. Methods: Laboratory tests on X-Patch® were undertaken using an instrumented Hybrid III head and neck and linear impactor. Differences between X-Patch® and reference data were analysed. Australian Football players wore the X-Patch® devices and games were video-recorded. Video recordings were analysed qualitatively for head impact events and these were correlated with X-Patch® head acceleration events. Wearability of the X-Patch® was assessed using the Comfort Rating Scale for Wearable Computers. Results: Laboratory head impacts, performed at multiple impact sites and velocities, identified significant correlations between headform-measured and device-measured kinematic parameters (p < 0.05 for all). On average, the X-Patch®-recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) was 17% greater than the reference PLA, 28% less for peak rotational acceleration (PRA) and 101% greater for the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). For video analysis, 118 head acceleration events (HAE) were included with PLA ≥30 g across 53 players. Video recordings of X-Patch®-measured HAEs (PLA ≥30 g) determined that 31.4% were direct head impacts, 9.3% were indirect impacts, 44.1% were unknown or unclear and 15.3% were neither direct nor indirect head impacts. The X-Patch® system was deemed wearable by 95–100% of respondents. Conclusions: This study reinforces evidence that use of the current X-Patch® devices should be limited to research only and in conjunction with video analysis.