We should know better – high rates of sedentary behaviours in a University workplace
- Bird, Marie-Louise, Shing, Cecilia, Cooley, Dean, Mainsbridge, Casey, Pedersen, Scott
- Authors: Bird, Marie-Louise , Shing, Cecilia , Cooley, Dean , Mainsbridge, Casey , Pedersen, Scott
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Australian Physiotherapy Association Conference, 17-20 October 2013, Melbourne, Australia
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Collaborative continuing professional development in physical education: an introduction
- Gonçalves, Luiza, Luguetti, Carla, Borges, Cecilia
- Authors: Gonçalves, Luiza , Luguetti, Carla , Borges, Cecilia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Movimento Vol. 28, no. [e28063] (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collaborative practices in Physical Education continuing professional development (PE-CPD) have been increasingly recognized due to evident benefits for teachers and students. In introducing this special issue, this paper aims to extend and deepen conversations among scholars about the collaborative practices in PE-CPD. Co-designed as a two-year project about collaborative practices, this special issue pursued collaboration through solidarity, knowledge sharing, and negotiation of challenges in internationalised research. Researchers from Brazil, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Portugal, New Zealand, the U.S., and Turkey worked in six groups to explore four themes: (a) types of collaborative PE-CPD, (b) facilitation of PE-CPD, (c) innovative methodologies and, (d) the development of collaborative experiences. In this special issue, we highlight the opportunities and inputs that might improve the research and experiences of those who form, conceive, and participate in collaborative PE-CPD programs around the world.
- Authors: Gonçalves, Luiza , Luguetti, Carla , Borges, Cecilia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Movimento Vol. 28, no. [e28063] (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collaborative practices in Physical Education continuing professional development (PE-CPD) have been increasingly recognized due to evident benefits for teachers and students. In introducing this special issue, this paper aims to extend and deepen conversations among scholars about the collaborative practices in PE-CPD. Co-designed as a two-year project about collaborative practices, this special issue pursued collaboration through solidarity, knowledge sharing, and negotiation of challenges in internationalised research. Researchers from Brazil, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Portugal, New Zealand, the U.S., and Turkey worked in six groups to explore four themes: (a) types of collaborative PE-CPD, (b) facilitation of PE-CPD, (c) innovative methodologies and, (d) the development of collaborative experiences. In this special issue, we highlight the opportunities and inputs that might improve the research and experiences of those who form, conceive, and participate in collaborative PE-CPD programs around the world.
A comparison of the cycling performance of cyclists and triathletes
- Laursen, Paul, Shing, Cecilia, Tennant, S. C., Prentice, C. M., Jenkins, David
- Authors: Laursen, Paul , Shing, Cecilia , Tennant, S. C. , Prentice, C. M. , Jenkins, David
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 21, no. 5 (May 2003), p. 411-418
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The aim of this study was to compare the cycling performance of cyclists and triathletes. Each week for 3 weeks, and on different days, 25 highly trained male cyclists and 18 highly trained male triathletes performed: (1) an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer for the determination of peak oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2peak), peak power output and the first and second ventilatory thresholds, followed 15 min later by a sprint to volitional fatigue at 150% of peak power output; (2) a cycle to exhaustion test at the (V) over dot O-2peak power output; and (3) a 40-km cycle time-trial. There were no differences in (V) over dot O-2peak, peak power output, time to volitional fatigue at 150% of peak power output or time to exhaustion at (V) over dot O-2peak power output between the two groups. However, the cyclists had a significantly faster time to complete the 40-km time-trial (56:18 +/- 2:31 min:s; mean +/- s) than the triathletes (58:57 +/- 3:06 min:s; P < 0.01), which could be partially explained (r = 0.34-0.51; P < 0.05) by a significantly higher first (3.32 +/- 0.36 vs 3.08 +/- 0.36 l . min(-1)) and second ventilatory threshold (4.05 +/- 0.36 vs 3.81 +/- 0.29 l . min(-1); both P < 0.05) in the cyclists compared with the triathletes. In conclusion, cyclists may be able to perform better than triathletes in cycling time-trial events because they have higher first and second ventilatory thresholds.
- Description: C1
- Laursen, Paul, Shing, Cecilia, Jenkins, David
- Authors: Laursen, Paul , Shing, Cecilia , Jenkins, David
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 24, no. 7 (2003), p. 481-485
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of the present study was to examine the reproducibility of laboratory-based 40-km cycle time-trial performance on a stationary wind-trainer. Each week, for three consecutive weeks, and on different days, forty-three highly trained male cyclists (x̄ ± SD; age = 25 ± 6 y; mass = 75 ± 7 kg; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O 2peak] = 64.8 ± 5.2 ml x kg-1 x min-1) performed: 1) a V̇O2peak test, and 2) a 40-km time-trial on their own racing bicycle mounted to a stationary wind-trainer (Cateye - Cyclosimulator). Data from all tests were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. Performance on the second and third 40-km time-trials were highly related (r=0.96; p < 0.001), not significantly different (57:21 ± 2: 57 vs. 57:12 ± 3:14 min:s), and displayed a low coefficient of variation (CV)=0.9 ± 0.7%. Although the first 40-km time-trial (58:43 ± 3: 17 min:s) was not significantly different from the second and third tests (p = 0.06), inclusion of the first test in the assessment of reliability increased within-subject CV to 3.0 ± 2.9%. 40-km time-trial speed (km x h -1) was significantly (p < 0.001) related to peak power output (W; r = 0.75), V̇O2peak (1 x min-1; r = 0.53), and the second ventilatory turnpoint (1 x min-1; r = 0.68) measured during the progressive exercise tests. These data demonstrate that the assessment of 40-km cycle time-trial performance in well-trained endurance cyclists on a stationary wind-trainer is reproducible, provided the athletes perform a familiarization trial.
- Description: C1
- Laursen, Paul, Knez, Wade, Shing, Cecilia, Langill, Robert, Rhodes, Edward, Jenkins, David
- Authors: Laursen, Paul , Knez, Wade , Shing, Cecilia , Langill, Robert , Rhodes, Edward , Jenkins, David
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 23, no. 10 (2005), p. 1111-1120
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the performance heart rate during an ultra-endurance triathlon and the heart rate corresponding to several demarcation points measured during laboratory-based progressive cycle ergometry and treadmill running. Less than one month before an ultra-endurance triathlon, 21 well-trained ultra-endurance triathletes (mean ± s: age 35 ± 6 years, height 1.77 ± 0.05 m, mass 74.0 ± 6.9 kg, V̇O2peak = 4.75 ± 0.42 l · min-1) performed progressive exercise tests of cycle ergometry and treadmill running for the determination of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak), heart rate corresponding to the first and second ventilatory thresholds, as well as the heart rate deflection point. Portable telemetry units recorded heart rate at 60 s increments throughout the ultra-endurance triathlon. Heart rate during the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon (148 ± 9 and 143 ± 13 beats · min-1 respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) less than the second ventilatory thresholds (160 ± 13 and 165 ± 14 beats · min-1 respectively) and heart rate deflection points (170 ± 13 and 179 ± 9 beats · min-1 respectively). However, mean heart rate during the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon were significantly related to (r = 0.76 and 0.66; P < 0.01), and not significantly different from, the first ventilatory thresholds (146 ± 12 and 148 ± 15 beats · min-1 respectively). Furthermore, the difference between heart rate during the cycle phase of the ultra-endurance triathlon and heart rate at the first ventilatory threshold was related to marathon run time (r = 0.61; P < 0.01) and overall ultra-endurance triathlon time (r = 0.45; P < 0.05). The results suggest that triathletes perform the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon at an exercise intensity near their first ventilatory threshold. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.
- Description: C1
Activity behaviors of university staff in the workplace : A pilot study
- Bird, Marie-Louise, Shing, Cecilia, Mainsbridge, Casey, Cooley, Dean, Pedersen, Scott
- Authors: Bird, Marie-Louise , Shing, Cecilia , Mainsbridge, Casey , Cooley, Dean , Pedersen, Scott
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 12, no. 8 (2015), p. 1128-1132
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Sedentary behavior is related to metabolic syndrome and might have implications for the long-term health of workers in a low activity environment. The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine activity levels of adults working at a University during work hours. A secondary aim was to determine the relationship between actual and perceived activity levels. Methods: Activity levels of university staff (n = 15, male = 7, age = 53 ± 7 years, BMI = 26.5 ± 2.5kg•m2) were monitored over 5 consecutive workdays using SenseWear accelerometers, then participants completed a questionnaire of their perception of workplace sedentary time. Results: Each participant spent 71.5 ± 13.1% (358 ± 78 min) of their workday being sedentary (< 1.5 METs), 15.6 ± 9.0% involved in light activity (1.5-3 METs), 11.7 ± 10.0% in moderate activity (3-5 METs), and 1.1 ± 1.3% in vigorous activity (> 5 METs) (P <.0001). The mean difference between actual (SenseWear < 1.5 METs) and perceived sitting time was-2 ± 32%; however, perceived sedentary time was reported with a range of under-to-over estimation of-75% to 51%. Conclusion: This pilot study identifies long periods of low metabolic activity during the workday and poor perception of individual sedentary time. Interventions to reduce sedentary time in the workplace may be necessary to ensure that the work environment does not adversely affect long-term health. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Is self-reporting workplace activity worthwhile? Validity and reliability of Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire in desk-based workers BMC Public Health
- Pedersen, Scott, Kitic, Cecilia, Bird, Marie-Louise, Mainsbridge, Casey, Cooley, Dean
- Authors: Pedersen, Scott , Kitic, Cecilia , Bird, Marie-Louise , Mainsbridge, Casey , Cooley, Dean
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Public Health. Vol. 16, no. 1 (2016), p.1-6
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Accelerometers can obtain precise measurements of movements during the day. However, the individual activity pattern varies from day-to-day and there is limited evidence on measurement days needed to obtain sufficient reliability. The aim of this study was to examine variability in accelerometer derived data on sedentary behaviour and physical activity at work and in leisure-time during week days among Danish office employees. Methods: We included control participants (n = 135) from the Take a Stand! Intervention; a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 19 offices. Sitting time and physical activity were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the thigh and data were processed using Acti4 software. Variability was examined for sitting time, standing time, steps and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day by multilevel mixed linear regression modelling. Results: Results of this study showed that the number of days needed to obtain a reliability of 80% when measuring sitting time was 4.7 days for work and 5.5 days for leisure time. For physical activity at work, 4.0 days and 4.2 days were required to measure steps and MVPA, respectively. During leisure time, more monitoring time was needed to reliably estimate physical activity (6.8 days for steps and 5.8 days for MVPA). Conclusions: The number of measurement days needed to reliably estimate activity patterns was greater for leisure time than for work time. The domain specific variability is of great importance to researchers and health promotion workers planning to use objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity.
- Authors: Pedersen, Scott , Kitic, Cecilia , Bird, Marie-Louise , Mainsbridge, Casey , Cooley, Dean
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Public Health. Vol. 16, no. 1 (2016), p.1-6
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Accelerometers can obtain precise measurements of movements during the day. However, the individual activity pattern varies from day-to-day and there is limited evidence on measurement days needed to obtain sufficient reliability. The aim of this study was to examine variability in accelerometer derived data on sedentary behaviour and physical activity at work and in leisure-time during week days among Danish office employees. Methods: We included control participants (n = 135) from the Take a Stand! Intervention; a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 19 offices. Sitting time and physical activity were measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the thigh and data were processed using Acti4 software. Variability was examined for sitting time, standing time, steps and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day by multilevel mixed linear regression modelling. Results: Results of this study showed that the number of days needed to obtain a reliability of 80% when measuring sitting time was 4.7 days for work and 5.5 days for leisure time. For physical activity at work, 4.0 days and 4.2 days were required to measure steps and MVPA, respectively. During leisure time, more monitoring time was needed to reliably estimate physical activity (6.8 days for steps and 5.8 days for MVPA). Conclusions: The number of measurement days needed to reliably estimate activity patterns was greater for leisure time than for work time. The domain specific variability is of great importance to researchers and health promotion workers planning to use objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity.
Quantifying psychopathology in rapid readmissions
- Suhail, Sam, Sandhu, Harpinder, Mellacheruvu, Sandeep
- Authors: Suhail, Sam , Sandhu, Harpinder , Mellacheruvu, Sandeep
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: CNS spectrums Vol. 26, no. 2 (2021), p. 165-166
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Psychiatric readmissions contribute to a significant cost and healthcare burden to physicians, hospitals, and the healthcare system as an entity. Furthermore, as part of the Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began to reduce financial coverage to hospitals with overwhelming rehospitalization rates. The purpose of this study was to do a systematic analysis on inpatient psychiatric readmission data and identify co-morbidities and risk factors that lead to high readmission rates. The data collection includes 163 patients with a total of 348 readmissions over the span of 90 days at one inner-city hospital in the Chicagoland area. Study findings suggest that higher rates of readmission are linked to cocaine abuse in both male and female populations. Diagnosis of bipolar in females and schizoaffective disorder in male populations were the among the highest for readmission. Key social factors such as homelessness and low socioeconomic status were identified to contribute to a large proportion of psychiatric readmission burden. However, an overwhelming amount of information was missing due to unobtained labs and lack of current patient social history. By using this data as well as data from electronic medical records (EMRs) to further investigate and identify other features of at-risk patients, hospitals can potentially address these markers to lower readmission rates. Ultimately, a higher understanding of the patients' needs can be understood and can help develop standardized plans of care for prevalent psychiatric illnesses in these populations.
- Authors: Suhail, Sam , Sandhu, Harpinder , Mellacheruvu, Sandeep
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: CNS spectrums Vol. 26, no. 2 (2021), p. 165-166
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Psychiatric readmissions contribute to a significant cost and healthcare burden to physicians, hospitals, and the healthcare system as an entity. Furthermore, as part of the Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began to reduce financial coverage to hospitals with overwhelming rehospitalization rates. The purpose of this study was to do a systematic analysis on inpatient psychiatric readmission data and identify co-morbidities and risk factors that lead to high readmission rates. The data collection includes 163 patients with a total of 348 readmissions over the span of 90 days at one inner-city hospital in the Chicagoland area. Study findings suggest that higher rates of readmission are linked to cocaine abuse in both male and female populations. Diagnosis of bipolar in females and schizoaffective disorder in male populations were the among the highest for readmission. Key social factors such as homelessness and low socioeconomic status were identified to contribute to a large proportion of psychiatric readmission burden. However, an overwhelming amount of information was missing due to unobtained labs and lack of current patient social history. By using this data as well as data from electronic medical records (EMRs) to further investigate and identify other features of at-risk patients, hospitals can potentially address these markers to lower readmission rates. Ultimately, a higher understanding of the patients' needs can be understood and can help develop standardized plans of care for prevalent psychiatric illnesses in these populations.
Incomplete or incorrect understanding of decimals: An important deficit for student nurses
- Pierce, Robyn, Steinle, Vicki
- Authors: Pierce, Robyn , Steinle, Vicki
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME30, Mathematics in the Centre, Prague, Czech Republic : 16th - 21st July, 2006 p. 161-169
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this study more than 40% of the 355 student nurses who completed a pre-test, involving comparisons of decimal numbers, made errors that indicate an incomplete or incorrect conceptual understanding. This includes students who are sometimes able to achieve 100% on drug calculations tests. Seven test items with error rates of between 10% and 26% form the focus of our discussion. A sub-group of the students attended a one-hour remedial intervention using various physical materials to give conceptual meaning to decimal numbers. A matched post-test three months after the intervention, detected a statistically significant improvement for the intervention students but not for those who only practiced drug calculation procedures. Conceptual teaching for number sense is needed to underpin procedures.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001562
- Authors: Pierce, Robyn , Steinle, Vicki
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME30, Mathematics in the Centre, Prague, Czech Republic : 16th - 21st July, 2006 p. 161-169
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this study more than 40% of the 355 student nurses who completed a pre-test, involving comparisons of decimal numbers, made errors that indicate an incomplete or incorrect conceptual understanding. This includes students who are sometimes able to achieve 100% on drug calculations tests. Seven test items with error rates of between 10% and 26% form the focus of our discussion. A sub-group of the students attended a one-hour remedial intervention using various physical materials to give conceptual meaning to decimal numbers. A matched post-test three months after the intervention, detected a statistically significant improvement for the intervention students but not for those who only practiced drug calculation procedures. Conceptual teaching for number sense is needed to underpin procedures.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001562
FOMO : The fear of missing out
- Authors: Ives, Bryce
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Visual art work
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ives, Bryce
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Visual art work
- Full Text:
Outcomes and implications of a koala translocation in the Ballarat region
- Authors: Santamaria, Flavia
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: This research examined the outcome of a translocation of 30 koalas moved from French Island to three sites on mainland Victoria (Creswick, Enfield and Lal Lal State Forests)
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Santamaria, Flavia
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: This research examined the outcome of a translocation of 30 koalas moved from French Island to three sites on mainland Victoria (Creswick, Enfield and Lal Lal State Forests)
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
It is a never-ending journey: Learning to become a facilitator in physical education teacher education collaborative practices
- Vidoni, Carla, Hunuk, Deniz, Gonçalves, Luiza
- Authors: Vidoni, Carla , Hunuk, Deniz , Gonçalves, Luiza
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Movimento Vol. 28, no. (12/15 2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of collaborative reflection to individual and collective processes of learning how to become a facilitator in Physical Education teacher education (PETE). Collaborative self-study of teacher education practices (S-STEP) was used as methodology. Participants were three teacher educators from Brazil, Turkey, and the USA. Group meetings, individuals' memory work, field notes, and reflective journals were the data sources. Data were collaboratively analyzed by using constant comparative content analysis. Results were organized in two themes: (a) Challenges and opportunities to become facilitators; (b) Self-study: the rise of new insights; which represented their pathways to become facilitators in PETE programs. This self-study process challenged the understanding of the process of becoming a facilitator and demonstrated that this process is a never-ending journey in which teacher educators' careers are continuously shaped and redefined.
- Authors: Vidoni, Carla , Hunuk, Deniz , Gonçalves, Luiza
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Movimento Vol. 28, no. (12/15 2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of collaborative reflection to individual and collective processes of learning how to become a facilitator in Physical Education teacher education (PETE). Collaborative self-study of teacher education practices (S-STEP) was used as methodology. Participants were three teacher educators from Brazil, Turkey, and the USA. Group meetings, individuals' memory work, field notes, and reflective journals were the data sources. Data were collaboratively analyzed by using constant comparative content analysis. Results were organized in two themes: (a) Challenges and opportunities to become facilitators; (b) Self-study: the rise of new insights; which represented their pathways to become facilitators in PETE programs. This self-study process challenged the understanding of the process of becoming a facilitator and demonstrated that this process is a never-ending journey in which teacher educators' careers are continuously shaped and redefined.
ICT and educational (dis)advantage : Families, computers and contemporary social and educational inequalities
- Angus, Lawrence, Snyder, Ilana, Sutherland-Smith, Wendy
- Authors: Angus, Lawrence , Snyder, Ilana , Sutherland-Smith, Wendy
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sociology of Education Vol. 25, no. 1 (Feb 2004), p. 3-18
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Because access to new technologies is unequally distributed, there has been considerable debate about the growing gap between the so-called information-rich and information-poor. Such concerns have led to high-profile information technology policy initiatives in many countries. In Australia, in an attempt to 'redress the balance between the information rich and poor' by providing 'equal access to the World Wide Web' (Virtual Communities, 2002), the Australian Council of Trade Unions, Virtual Communities (a computer/software distributor) and Primus (an Internet provider) in late 1999 formed an alliance to offer relatively inexpensive computer and Internet access to union members in order to make 'technology affordable for all Australians' (Virtual Communities, 2002). In this paper, we examine four families, one of which had long-term Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) access, and three of which took advantage of the Virtual Communities offer to get home computer and Internet access for the first time. We examine their engagement with ICT and suggest that previously disadvantaged family members are not particularly advantaged by their access to ICT.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000750
- Authors: Angus, Lawrence , Snyder, Ilana , Sutherland-Smith, Wendy
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sociology of Education Vol. 25, no. 1 (Feb 2004), p. 3-18
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Because access to new technologies is unequally distributed, there has been considerable debate about the growing gap between the so-called information-rich and information-poor. Such concerns have led to high-profile information technology policy initiatives in many countries. In Australia, in an attempt to 'redress the balance between the information rich and poor' by providing 'equal access to the World Wide Web' (Virtual Communities, 2002), the Australian Council of Trade Unions, Virtual Communities (a computer/software distributor) and Primus (an Internet provider) in late 1999 formed an alliance to offer relatively inexpensive computer and Internet access to union members in order to make 'technology affordable for all Australians' (Virtual Communities, 2002). In this paper, we examine four families, one of which had long-term Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) access, and three of which took advantage of the Virtual Communities offer to get home computer and Internet access for the first time. We examine their engagement with ICT and suggest that previously disadvantaged family members are not particularly advantaged by their access to ICT.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000750
Familiarity-based collaborative team recognition in academic social networks
- Yu, Shuo, Xia, Feng, Zhang, Chen, Wei, Haoran, Keogh, Kathleen, Chen, Honglong
- Authors: Yu, Shuo , Xia, Feng , Zhang, Chen , Wei, Haoran , Keogh, Kathleen , Chen, Honglong
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems Vol. 9, no. 5 (2022), p. 1432-1445
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collaborative teamwork is key to major scientific discoveries. However, the prevalence of collaboration among researchers makes team recognition increasingly challenging. Previous studies have demonstrated that people are more likely to collaborate with individuals they are familiar with. In this work, we employ the definition of familiarity and then propose faMiliarity-based cOllaborative Team recOgnition (MOTO) algorithm to recognize collaborative teams. MOTO calculates the shortest distance matrix within the global collaboration network and the local density of each node. Central team members are initially recognized based on local density. Then, MOTO recognizes the remaining team members by using the familiarity metric and shortest distance matrix. Extensive experiments have been conducted upon a large-scale dataset. The experimental results show that compared with baseline methods, MOTO can recognize the largest number of teams. The teams recognized by the MOTO possess more cohesive team structures and lower team communication costs compared with other methods. MOTO utilizes familiarity in team recognition to identify cohesive academic teams. The recognized teams are in line with real-world collaborative teamwork patterns. Based on team recognition using MOTO, the research team structure and performance are further analyzed for given time periods. The number of teams that consist of members from different institutions increases gradually. Such teams are found to perform better in comparison with those whose members are from the same institution. © 2014 IEEE.
- Authors: Yu, Shuo , Xia, Feng , Zhang, Chen , Wei, Haoran , Keogh, Kathleen , Chen, Honglong
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems Vol. 9, no. 5 (2022), p. 1432-1445
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collaborative teamwork is key to major scientific discoveries. However, the prevalence of collaboration among researchers makes team recognition increasingly challenging. Previous studies have demonstrated that people are more likely to collaborate with individuals they are familiar with. In this work, we employ the definition of familiarity and then propose faMiliarity-based cOllaborative Team recOgnition (MOTO) algorithm to recognize collaborative teams. MOTO calculates the shortest distance matrix within the global collaboration network and the local density of each node. Central team members are initially recognized based on local density. Then, MOTO recognizes the remaining team members by using the familiarity metric and shortest distance matrix. Extensive experiments have been conducted upon a large-scale dataset. The experimental results show that compared with baseline methods, MOTO can recognize the largest number of teams. The teams recognized by the MOTO possess more cohesive team structures and lower team communication costs compared with other methods. MOTO utilizes familiarity in team recognition to identify cohesive academic teams. The recognized teams are in line with real-world collaborative teamwork patterns. Based on team recognition using MOTO, the research team structure and performance are further analyzed for given time periods. The number of teams that consist of members from different institutions increases gradually. Such teams are found to perform better in comparison with those whose members are from the same institution. © 2014 IEEE.
The digital divide : Differences in computer use between home and school in low socio-economic households
- Angus, Lawrence, Sutherland-Smith, Wendy, Snyder, Ilana
- Authors: Angus, Lawrence , Sutherland-Smith, Wendy , Snyder, Ilana
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Educational Studies in Language and Literature Vol. 3, no. (2003), p. 5-19
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article examines information and communication technologies (ICTs) practices in the home and school settings of four disadvantaged families. It reports the findings of a year-long study that investigated the nexus between computer-mediated literacy practices at home and at school and whether this inter-connectivity could make a difference in school success. The findings indicate that there was disjunction between home and school use. The ``digital divide'' exists for the families of this study, not in terms of access but in the gap between ICT practices at home and school. Schools in this study did not integrate ICT skills learned and demonstrated in the home environment into ICT practices at school. The study concludes that constructing pedagogical connections between home and school ICT practices may begin to bridge the ``digital divide''.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000427
- Authors: Angus, Lawrence , Sutherland-Smith, Wendy , Snyder, Ilana
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Educational Studies in Language and Literature Vol. 3, no. (2003), p. 5-19
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article examines information and communication technologies (ICTs) practices in the home and school settings of four disadvantaged families. It reports the findings of a year-long study that investigated the nexus between computer-mediated literacy practices at home and at school and whether this inter-connectivity could make a difference in school success. The findings indicate that there was disjunction between home and school use. The ``digital divide'' exists for the families of this study, not in terms of access but in the gap between ICT practices at home and school. Schools in this study did not integrate ICT skills learned and demonstrated in the home environment into ICT practices at school. The study concludes that constructing pedagogical connections between home and school ICT practices may begin to bridge the ``digital divide''.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000427
Trans-ethnic kidney function association study reveals putative causal genes and effects on kidney-specific disease aetiologies
- Morris, Andrew, Le, Thu, Wu, Haojia, Akbarov, Artur, van der Most, Peter, Hemani, Gibran, Smith, George, Mahajan, Anubha, Gaulton, Kyle, Nadkarni, Girish, Valladares-Salgado, Adan, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Mychaleckyj, Josyf, Dueker, Nicole, Guo, Xiuqing, Hai, Yang, Haessler, Jeffrey, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Stilp, Adrienne, Zhu, Gu, Cook, James, Arnlov, Johan, Blanton, Susan, de Borst, Martin, Bottinger, Erwin, Buchanan, Thomas, Cechova, Sylvia, Charchar, Fadi, Chu, Pei-Lun, Damman, Jeffrey, Eales, James, Gharavi, Ali, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Heath, Andrew, Ipp, Eli, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Kramer, Holly, Kubo, Michiaki, Larsson, Anders, Lindgren, Cecilia, Lu, Yingchang, Madden, Pamela, Montgomery, Grant, Papanicolaou, George, Raffel, Leslie, Sacco, Ralph, Sanchez, Elena, Stark, Holger, Sundstrom, Johan, Taylor, Kent, Xiang, Anny, Zivkovic, Aleksandra, Lind, Lars, Ingelsson, Erik, Martin, Nicholas, Whitfield, John, Cai, Jianwen, Laurie, Cathy, Okada, Yukinori, Matsuda, Koichi, Kooperberg, Charles, Chen, Yii-Der, Rundek, Tatjana, Rich, Stephen, Loos, Ruth, Parra, Esteban, Cruz, Miguel, Rotter, Jerome, Snieder, Harold, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Humphreys, Benjamin, Franceschini, Nora
- Authors: Morris, Andrew , Le, Thu , Wu, Haojia , Akbarov, Artur , van der Most, Peter , Hemani, Gibran , Smith, George , Mahajan, Anubha , Gaulton, Kyle , Nadkarni, Girish , Valladares-Salgado, Adan , Wacher-Rodarte, Niels , Mychaleckyj, Josyf , Dueker, Nicole , Guo, Xiuqing , Hai, Yang , Haessler, Jeffrey , Kamatani, Yoichiro , Stilp, Adrienne , Zhu, Gu , Cook, James , Arnlov, Johan , Blanton, Susan , de Borst, Martin , Bottinger, Erwin , Buchanan, Thomas , Cechova, Sylvia , Charchar, Fadi , Chu, Pei-Lun , Damman, Jeffrey , Eales, James , Gharavi, Ali , Giedraitis, Vilmantas , Heath, Andrew , Ipp, Eli , Kiryluk, Krzysztof , Kramer, Holly , Kubo, Michiaki , Larsson, Anders , Lindgren, Cecilia , Lu, Yingchang , Madden, Pamela , Montgomery, Grant , Papanicolaou, George , Raffel, Leslie , Sacco, Ralph , Sanchez, Elena , Stark, Holger , Sundstrom, Johan , Taylor, Kent , Xiang, Anny , Zivkovic, Aleksandra , Lind, Lars , Ingelsson, Erik , Martin, Nicholas , Whitfield, John , Cai, Jianwen , Laurie, Cathy , Okada, Yukinori , Matsuda, Koichi , Kooperberg, Charles , Chen, Yii-Der , Rundek, Tatjana , Rich, Stephen , Loos, Ruth , Parra, Esteban , Cruz, Miguel , Rotter, Jerome , Snieder, Harold , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Humphreys, Benjamin , Franceschini, Nora
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nature Communications Vol. 10, no. 1 (2019), p. 1-14
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assemble genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals of diverse ancestry. We identify 127 distinct association signals with homogeneous effects on eGFR across ancestries and enrichment in genomic annotations including kidney-specific histone modifications. Fine-mapping reveals 40 high-confidence variants driving eGFR associations and highlights putative causal genes with cell-type specific expression in glomerulus, and in proximal and distal nephron. Mendelian randomisation supports causal effects of eGFR on overall and cause-specific CKD, kidney stone formation, diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. These results define novel molecular mechanisms and putative causal genes for eGFR, offering insight into clinical outcomes and routes to CKD treatment development.
- Authors: Morris, Andrew , Le, Thu , Wu, Haojia , Akbarov, Artur , van der Most, Peter , Hemani, Gibran , Smith, George , Mahajan, Anubha , Gaulton, Kyle , Nadkarni, Girish , Valladares-Salgado, Adan , Wacher-Rodarte, Niels , Mychaleckyj, Josyf , Dueker, Nicole , Guo, Xiuqing , Hai, Yang , Haessler, Jeffrey , Kamatani, Yoichiro , Stilp, Adrienne , Zhu, Gu , Cook, James , Arnlov, Johan , Blanton, Susan , de Borst, Martin , Bottinger, Erwin , Buchanan, Thomas , Cechova, Sylvia , Charchar, Fadi , Chu, Pei-Lun , Damman, Jeffrey , Eales, James , Gharavi, Ali , Giedraitis, Vilmantas , Heath, Andrew , Ipp, Eli , Kiryluk, Krzysztof , Kramer, Holly , Kubo, Michiaki , Larsson, Anders , Lindgren, Cecilia , Lu, Yingchang , Madden, Pamela , Montgomery, Grant , Papanicolaou, George , Raffel, Leslie , Sacco, Ralph , Sanchez, Elena , Stark, Holger , Sundstrom, Johan , Taylor, Kent , Xiang, Anny , Zivkovic, Aleksandra , Lind, Lars , Ingelsson, Erik , Martin, Nicholas , Whitfield, John , Cai, Jianwen , Laurie, Cathy , Okada, Yukinori , Matsuda, Koichi , Kooperberg, Charles , Chen, Yii-Der , Rundek, Tatjana , Rich, Stephen , Loos, Ruth , Parra, Esteban , Cruz, Miguel , Rotter, Jerome , Snieder, Harold , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Humphreys, Benjamin , Franceschini, Nora
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nature Communications Vol. 10, no. 1 (2019), p. 1-14
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects ~10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assemble genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals of diverse ancestry. We identify 127 distinct association signals with homogeneous effects on eGFR across ancestries and enrichment in genomic annotations including kidney-specific histone modifications. Fine-mapping reveals 40 high-confidence variants driving eGFR associations and highlights putative causal genes with cell-type specific expression in glomerulus, and in proximal and distal nephron. Mendelian randomisation supports causal effects of eGFR on overall and cause-specific CKD, kidney stone formation, diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. These results define novel molecular mechanisms and putative causal genes for eGFR, offering insight into clinical outcomes and routes to CKD treatment development.
Short-term and lifelong exercise training lowers inflammatory mediators in older men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Herbert, Peter, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
Ecology and management of a tropical invasive weed, Cyperus aromaticus (Navua sedge) in Queensland, Australia
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kükenth, commonly known as Navua sedge is an invasive C4 perennial sedge species of the Cyperaceae family found predominantly in tropical environments. A native of tropical Africa, it has spread widely and become problematic in many southwest Pacific islands and in tropical north Queensland, Australia. It is a principal weed infesting pastures, sugarcane, banana and root crops, which causes significant damage across a range of industries including dairy, beef, sugarcane and banana in the highly fertile and productive areas of Queensland. The primary objective of this thesis was to contribute to a significant weed management problem at a stage where intervention is cost effective, efficient and environmentally sensitive. At the centre of this work, was a contribution to fundamental knowledge regarding the ecology of the species. The first objective was to examine the global literature on rhizomatous weeds and C. aromaticus in particular to identify the research problems and knowledge gaps. As C. aromaticus has dual mode of reproduction, via seeds and rhizomes, both these aspects were taken into consideration in the experimental chapters. The project critically addressed the issues related to (i) understanding the fundamental ecological aspects of reproduction via seeds in C. aromaticus, (ii) the regeneration of C. aromaticus from its rhizomes, and (iii) control of C. aromaticus using herbicides. A stepwise approach, involving multiple objectives was used to meet the primary objective of this project. Three experiments were conducted to understand the fundamental ecological aspects of reproduction via seeds. (i) A study was conducted to understand the soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by C. aromaticus. It was found that C. aromaticus is the dominant species in the soil seed bank of pastures invaded by C. aromaticus and can contribute between 62% and 95% of the total seed bank. In this respect, the abundance of C. aromaticus seed in the soil seed bank is positively correlated with the aboveground biomass of C. aromaticus and 83% of the total C. aromaticus seeds was found in the top 0-5 cm layer of soil. (ii) The lifespan of C. aromaticus seeds was estimated by artificial ageing technique in the laboratory whereby the results indicate that long-term management is required to control the recruitment from the soil seed bank even in the absence of additional seed deposition. (iii) Seed germination ecology was investigated to understand the effect of various environmental factors on the germination of C. aromaticus seeds. It was found that light is absolutely required for C. aromaticus seed germination, and there was no germination of seeds above 150 mM NaCl concentration and -0.8 Mpa osmotic potential, or from seeds buried greater than 2 cm below the soil surface. Focussing on the regeneration from C. aromaticus rhizomes, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rhizome size and burial depth on the emergence from rhizomes in different soil types. A positive correlation was found between the total emergence of tillers and rhizome fragment size of C. aromaticus, but a negative correlation was found between the total emergence of tillers and burial depth of rhizomes. Importantly, it was also found that rhizomes when reduced to 10 cm or smaller fragments and buried 15 cm or deeper will prevent emergence. A further two glasshouse experiments were conducted to explore chemical options to control both the aboveground biomass and the belowground rhizomes. (i) The herbicide sensitivity of various rates of halosulfuron-methyl was evaluated at different growth stages using plants with and without established rhizomes. Mortality of 27.5%, 0% and 5% was recorded when treated with 75 g ai ha-1 of halosulfuron-methyl at the mowed, pre-flowering and flowering stages, respectively in plants with established rhizomes. The herbicide was effective in controlling the aboveground growth, however, subsequent emergence of new growth from the rhizome confirms the failure of the herbicide to kill the rhizome. In contrast, application of 75 g ai ha-1 of halosulfuron-methyl provided 100% mortality in plants treated at seedling and pre-flowering stage in plants without established rhizomes. (ii) Another herbicide with an alternate mode of action, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, was assessed at different growth stages again using plants with and without established rhizomes. Results indicate that a single application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl is effective at controlling C. aromaticus seedlings, but not effective at controlling plants with established rhizomes. In summary, this thesis has increased the fundamental knowledge about the ecology of C. aromaticus which will feed into designing of management strategies. Likewise, new tools established in the form of mechanical and chemical control and improving the methods currently used to manage populations will advance the capacity to effectively manage C. aromaticus in the future. Although this investigation is based on a relatively focussed suite of issues relevant to tropical north Queensland, where there is an immediate application of the research outcomes from this study, it is anticipated that they will also inform weed management strategies more broadly in a range of similar environments throughout the world.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kükenth, commonly known as Navua sedge is an invasive C4 perennial sedge species of the Cyperaceae family found predominantly in tropical environments. A native of tropical Africa, it has spread widely and become problematic in many southwest Pacific islands and in tropical north Queensland, Australia. It is a principal weed infesting pastures, sugarcane, banana and root crops, which causes significant damage across a range of industries including dairy, beef, sugarcane and banana in the highly fertile and productive areas of Queensland. The primary objective of this thesis was to contribute to a significant weed management problem at a stage where intervention is cost effective, efficient and environmentally sensitive. At the centre of this work, was a contribution to fundamental knowledge regarding the ecology of the species. The first objective was to examine the global literature on rhizomatous weeds and C. aromaticus in particular to identify the research problems and knowledge gaps. As C. aromaticus has dual mode of reproduction, via seeds and rhizomes, both these aspects were taken into consideration in the experimental chapters. The project critically addressed the issues related to (i) understanding the fundamental ecological aspects of reproduction via seeds in C. aromaticus, (ii) the regeneration of C. aromaticus from its rhizomes, and (iii) control of C. aromaticus using herbicides. A stepwise approach, involving multiple objectives was used to meet the primary objective of this project. Three experiments were conducted to understand the fundamental ecological aspects of reproduction via seeds. (i) A study was conducted to understand the soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by C. aromaticus. It was found that C. aromaticus is the dominant species in the soil seed bank of pastures invaded by C. aromaticus and can contribute between 62% and 95% of the total seed bank. In this respect, the abundance of C. aromaticus seed in the soil seed bank is positively correlated with the aboveground biomass of C. aromaticus and 83% of the total C. aromaticus seeds was found in the top 0-5 cm layer of soil. (ii) The lifespan of C. aromaticus seeds was estimated by artificial ageing technique in the laboratory whereby the results indicate that long-term management is required to control the recruitment from the soil seed bank even in the absence of additional seed deposition. (iii) Seed germination ecology was investigated to understand the effect of various environmental factors on the germination of C. aromaticus seeds. It was found that light is absolutely required for C. aromaticus seed germination, and there was no germination of seeds above 150 mM NaCl concentration and -0.8 Mpa osmotic potential, or from seeds buried greater than 2 cm below the soil surface. Focussing on the regeneration from C. aromaticus rhizomes, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rhizome size and burial depth on the emergence from rhizomes in different soil types. A positive correlation was found between the total emergence of tillers and rhizome fragment size of C. aromaticus, but a negative correlation was found between the total emergence of tillers and burial depth of rhizomes. Importantly, it was also found that rhizomes when reduced to 10 cm or smaller fragments and buried 15 cm or deeper will prevent emergence. A further two glasshouse experiments were conducted to explore chemical options to control both the aboveground biomass and the belowground rhizomes. (i) The herbicide sensitivity of various rates of halosulfuron-methyl was evaluated at different growth stages using plants with and without established rhizomes. Mortality of 27.5%, 0% and 5% was recorded when treated with 75 g ai ha-1 of halosulfuron-methyl at the mowed, pre-flowering and flowering stages, respectively in plants with established rhizomes. The herbicide was effective in controlling the aboveground growth, however, subsequent emergence of new growth from the rhizome confirms the failure of the herbicide to kill the rhizome. In contrast, application of 75 g ai ha-1 of halosulfuron-methyl provided 100% mortality in plants treated at seedling and pre-flowering stage in plants without established rhizomes. (ii) Another herbicide with an alternate mode of action, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, was assessed at different growth stages again using plants with and without established rhizomes. Results indicate that a single application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl is effective at controlling C. aromaticus seedlings, but not effective at controlling plants with established rhizomes. In summary, this thesis has increased the fundamental knowledge about the ecology of C. aromaticus which will feed into designing of management strategies. Likewise, new tools established in the form of mechanical and chemical control and improving the methods currently used to manage populations will advance the capacity to effectively manage C. aromaticus in the future. Although this investigation is based on a relatively focussed suite of issues relevant to tropical north Queensland, where there is an immediate application of the research outcomes from this study, it is anticipated that they will also inform weed management strategies more broadly in a range of similar environments throughout the world.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
Antipodean Epic 3
- Authors: Orr, Jill
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text
- Full Text:
- Description: A poetic journey that incorporates the seed, both in its abundance and in its scarcity. It points out questions such as: Are 'creatures' the end of their species or the beginning of another? Are viral creations displaced or transported? Are they unwanted instructors in seed stocks? Carrying a future potential or remnants of a distant past? Or both?
- Authors: Orr, Jill
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text
- Full Text:
- Description: A poetic journey that incorporates the seed, both in its abundance and in its scarcity. It points out questions such as: Are 'creatures' the end of their species or the beginning of another? Are viral creations displaced or transported? Are they unwanted instructors in seed stocks? Carrying a future potential or remnants of a distant past? Or both?
tele-substitution reactions in the synthesis of a promising class of 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3- a]pyrazine-based antimalarials
- Korsik, Marat, Tse, Edwin, Smith, David, Lewis, William, Rutledge, Peter, Todd, Matthew
- Authors: Korsik, Marat , Tse, Edwin , Smith, David , Lewis, William , Rutledge, Peter , Todd, Matthew
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 85, no. 21 (2020), p. 13438-13452
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: We have discovered and studied a tele-substitution reaction in a biologically important heterocyclic ring system. Conditions that favor the tele-substitution pathway were identified: the use of increased equivalents of the nucleophile or decreased equivalents of base or the use of softer nucleophiles, less polar solvents, and larger halogens on the electrophile. Using results from X-ray crystallographic and isotope labeling experiments, a mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed. We focused on this triazolopyrazine as it is the core structure of the in vivo active antiplasmodium compounds of Series 4 of the Open Source Malaria consortium. © 2020 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Korsik, Marat , Tse, Edwin , Smith, David , Lewis, William , Rutledge, Peter , Todd, Matthew
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 85, no. 21 (2020), p. 13438-13452
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: We have discovered and studied a tele-substitution reaction in a biologically important heterocyclic ring system. Conditions that favor the tele-substitution pathway were identified: the use of increased equivalents of the nucleophile or decreased equivalents of base or the use of softer nucleophiles, less polar solvents, and larger halogens on the electrophile. Using results from X-ray crystallographic and isotope labeling experiments, a mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed. We focused on this triazolopyrazine as it is the core structure of the in vivo active antiplasmodium compounds of Series 4 of the Open Source Malaria consortium. © 2020 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.