Showing items 1 - 11 of 11

A study on the corrosion characteristics of internal combustion engine materials in second-generation jatropha curcas biodiesel

- Shahabuddin, M., Mofijur, M., Shuvho, Md Bengir, Chowdhury, M., Kalam, Md Abul, Masjuki, Haji, Chowdhury, Mohammad

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Mofijur, M. , Shuvho, Md Bengir , Chowdhury, M. , Kalam, Md Abul , Masjuki, Haji , Chowdhury, Mohammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energies Vol. 14, no. 14 (2021), p.
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  • Description: The corrosiveness of biodiesel affects the fuel processing infrastructure and different parts of an internal combustion (IC) engine. The present study investigates the corrosion behaviour of automotive materials such as stainless steel, aluminium, cast iron, and copper in 20% (B20) and 30% (B30) by volume second-generation Jatropha biodiesel using an immersion test. The results were compared with petro-diesel (B0). Various fuel properties such as the viscosity, density, water con-tent, total acid number (TAN), and oxidation stability were investigated after the immersion test using ASTM D341, ASTM D975, ASTM D445, and ASTM D6751 standards. The morphology of the corroded materials was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy SEM), whereas the elemental analysis was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The highest corrosion using biodiesel was detected in copper, while the lowest was detected in stainless steel. Using B20, the rate of corrosion in copper and stainless steel was 17% and 14% higher than when using diesel, which further increased to 206% and 86% using B30. After the immersion test, the viscosity, water content, and TAN of biodiesel were increased markedly compared to petro-diesel. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Comparative corrosion characteristics of automotive materials in Jatropha biodiesel

- Shahabuddin, M., Hassan, Masjuki, Kalam, Md Abdul

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Hassan, Masjuki , Kalam, Md Abdul
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Green Energy Vol. 15, no. 6 (2018), p. 393-399
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  • Description: This study investigated the corrosion characteristics of widely used automotive materials: copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and stainless steel (SS) in Jatropha biodiesel. The corrosion rate of the materials was measured by the weight loss and changes in the surface morphology using immersion test in biodiesel. Before and after the immersion test, fuel samples were characterized by the change in chemical composition, viscosity, density, and water content. Experimental results revealed that Cu had the highest corrosion rate, while SS had the lowest. The main fatty acids observed in the tested biodiesel were oleic (44.6 wt %), linoelic (31.9 wt %), Palmitic (14.6 wt %), and Stearic (7.6 wt %). Apart from linoelic acid, the compositions of all other acids were increased after the immersion test of 1600 h. Also, the viscosity, density, and water content of the fuel samples were increased after the immersion test. However, these properties were within the maximum standard limit except water content. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Effect of pore diffusion on the gasification characteristics of coal char under CO2 atmosphere

- Shahabuddin, M., Kibria, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Kibria, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment Vol. 22, no. 5 (2021), p. 85-102
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  • Description: The effect of pore diffusion on kinetic parameters is of particular interest to the current study using coal char under CO2 gasification conditions. A high-temperature entrained-flow gasifier was used for the preparation of char through the rapid pyrolysis process. The kinetic study with the char was then carried at temperatures of 973-1473 K under atmospheric pressure. A prediction of carbon conversion for large particle size (100 μm) is reported from the carbon conversion of small particle size (25 μm) considering the diffusion effect. The effect of diffusion caused by temperatures and particle size was reported through activation energy. The apparent activation energy in the chemically controlled region (973-1173 K) was calculated to be 178 kJ/mol, whereas it was 69 kJ/mol in the pore diffusion zone (1373-1473 K) using smaller particle size. The apparent activation energy using large particle size was found to be 186 and 99 kJ/mol in chemically controlled and pore diffusion zone, respectively. The intrinsic activation energy for both particle sizes was almost similar. A variation between apparent and intrinsic reaction rates was depicted mostly at higher temperatures of over 1273 K. The change in the surface area of char particle was crucial in terms of decreasing reaction rates, which was decreased with the progression of the conversion. The predicted carbon conversion for large particle size was in good agreement with the experimentally measured conversion except for little discrepancies at higher temperatures. © 2021 by Begell House, Inc.

Effect of reactant types (steam, CO2 and steam + CO2) on the gasification performance of coal using entrained flow gasifier

- Shahabuddin, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Energy Research Vol. 45, no. 6 (2021), p. 9492-9501
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  • Description: This study investigates the gasification behaviour of bituminous coal using different reactants of CO2, steam and a mixture of CO2 and steam under entrained flow gasification conditions at temperatures of 1000°C and 1200°C with atmospheric pressure. The major gas constituents of the syngas were measured using online micro-GC with a model number Varian 490, whereas the minor pollutant gases were analysed using Kitagawa gas detection tubes. A maximum carbon conversion of 86% was achieved under steam gasification at a temperature of 1200°C compared to 74% from CO2 gasification. The higher carbon conversion from steam gasification is due to the higher gasification reactivity than CO2 gasification. At 1000°C, the lower heating value (LHV) from steam gasification was determined to be 60%, 70% and 80% higher than that of CO2 gasification using the reactant concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 vol.%, respectively. Using a stoichiometric 50/50 ratio of CO2 and steam, the yield of H2, CO and CH4 were increased by 56%, 106% and 35% compared to that of pure CO2 gasification. At 1000°C, the LHV under mixed reactant condition is close to the LHV from the pure steam gasification at 1200°C. In steam gasification, increasing the temperature by 200°C from 1000°C decreases the LHV by 17 and 10% using 10 and 20 vol.% steam. The higher heating value from steam gasification is due to the H2 and CH4-rich syngas compared to CO-rich syngas in CO2 gasification. The BET surface area of the solid char from steam gasification is about 17 and two times higher than that of CO2 gasification at 1000°C and 1200°C, respectively. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Enhancement of performance and emission characteristics by co-gasification of biomass and coal using an entrained flow gasifier

- Shahabuddin, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of the Energy Institute Vol. 95, no. (2021), p. 166-178
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  • Description: Co-gasification of renewable biomass and coal is a promising technique to reduce greenhouse gas emission beside increasing gasification performance instead of individual coal gasification. In this study, the co-gasification performance of pine bark (PB) biomass and Barapukurian bituminous coal (BBC) have been assessed using a high-temperature entrained flow gasifier using CO2 reactant. Results show that increasing biomass concentration increases the carbon conversion, syngas quality and cold gas efficiency (CGE), while reduces emission. For example, an addition of 20% biomass with coal increased the carbon conversion by 21.5, 10.6 and 4.5%-point at temperatures of 1000, 1200 and 1400 °C compared to pure coal gasification. Similarly, increasing biomass ratio in the blend increased the yield of CO by 11–36 vol% under different temperatures. Also, the CGE, fragmentation index ([Formula presented]) and alkali and alkaline earth minerals in ash were increased with increasing biomass ratio in the blend. Overall, at least 50% of coal can be replaced with renewable biomass considering performance and emission characteristics, making the technology more sustainable. © 2021 Energy Institute

Evaluation of high-temperature pyrolysis and CO2 gasification performance of bituminous coal in an entrained flow gasifier

- Shahabuddin, M., Kibria, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Kibria, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of the Energy Institute Vol. 94, no. (2021), p. 294-309
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  • Description: This study used an entrained flow gasifier to assess the pyrolysis and gasification performance of Bangladeshi Barapukurian bituminous coal. The pyrolysis and CO2 gasification were conducted at temperatures of 1000°C–1400 °C under atmospheric pressure. The carbon conversion, syngas yield and pollutant emissions of coal using two different particle size of 90–106 and 250–300 μm have been analysed under CO2 concentration of 10–80 vol%. Solid residue (char/ash) was analysed by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Results show that the release of volatile matter increases up to the temperature of 1200 °C. However, the temperature needs to increase at 1400 °C for the complete carbon conversion. Based on the CO/H2 ratio, syngas conditioning is required while using a temperature of 1200 °C or above, especially over the stoichiometric CO2 concentrations. Considering the heating value of syngas for power generation, the use of CO2 should be limited to less than 20% at a temperature of 1200–1400 °C. Particle size is important for carbon conversion but there is no significant impact on the heating value of syngas. Installation of the syngas cleaning system is required to drop the pollutants emission from the ppmv range to the ppbv range. © 2020 Energy Institute

Gasification characteristics of Bangladeshi Barapukurian coal in a high-temperature entrained flow gasifier under CO2 atmosphere

- Shahabuddin, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 8th Bangladesh Society of Mechanical Engineers International Conference on Thermal Engineering, BSME ICTE 2018, Dhaka, 19-21 December 2018 Vol. 2121
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  • Description: Coal is the cheapest and reliable source for power generation, which has the potential to reduce the dependency on natural gas, particularly for Bangladesh, where the natural gas reserve is very limited. Despite numerous studies on gasification from different parts of the world, there has not been a research study on gasification characteristics of Bangladeshi Barapukurian coal (BBC) under state of the art entrained flow condition. Thus, this study aims to investigate the gasification characteristics of Barapukurian bituminous coal using a high-temperature electrically heated entrained flow gasifier under atmospheric pressure. The effect of the partial pressure of the gasification reagent (CO2) on carbon conversion and gas yield was tested by varying the volume percentage of CO2 in N2 between the temperatures of 1000-1400°C. Furthermore, the influence of particle size on carbon conversion and product gases was also examined using industrially relevant particle sizes: 90-106 μm and 250-300 μm. The results show that increasing the temperature and feed CO2 concentrations increase the carbon conversion, though the temperature is found to be the dominant factor. A maximum carbon conversion of 92 % was achieved using ultimate operating conditions of 1400°C and 40% CO2 for particles size: 90-106 μm, while the conversion was only 65% for particle size: 250-300 μm under identical operating conditions. Overall, the yield of CO was increased while the yield of H2 was decreased with increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations. The maximum yield of CO and H2 was determined to be 0.93 and 0.14 L/g coal respectively using particle size: 90-106 μm, which is 0.88 and 0.12 L/g coal using particle size: 250-300 μm at a temperature of 1200°C under 10% CO2. The main pollutants measured were HCN, NH3 and H2S in the ppm range. The results of this study will provide a baseline data for the industrial scale entrained flow gasification of BBC under CO2 atmosphere. © 2019 Author(s).

Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel

- Shahabuddin, M., Liaquat, A., Masjuki, H., Kalam, M., Mofijur, M.

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Liaquat, A. , Masjuki, H. , Kalam, M. , Mofijur, M.
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Vol. 21, no. (2013), p. 623-632
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  • Description: Biodiesels are gaining more importance as a promising alternative energy resource. Engine performance and emission characteristics of unmodified biodiesel fueled diesel engines are highly influenced by its ignition and combustion behavior. This review article presents the literature review on ignition delay (ID), combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fueled diesel engine. More than hundred articles report which have been published mostly in the last decade are reviewed in this paper. The investigation results report that the combustion characteristics of bio fueled engine is slightly different from the engine running with petroleum diesel. Most of the investigation results have reported that as compared to diesel, biodiesel has early start of combustion (SOC) and shorter ID of between 1–5° and 0.25–1.0°, respectively. Higher cetane number (CN), lower compressibility and fatty acid composition of biodiesel have been identified as the main elements for early SOC and shorter ID. In addition, it is also found that, the heat release rate (HRR) of biodiesel is slightly lower than diesel owing to the lower calorific value, lower volatility, shorter ID and higher viscosity.

Influence of silica nano-additives on performance and emission characteristics of soybean biodiesel fuelled diesel engine

- Gavhane, R., Kate, A., Soudagar, Manzoore, Wakchaure, V., Shahabuddin, M.

  • Authors: Gavhane, R. , Kate, A. , Soudagar, Manzoore , Wakchaure, V. , Shahabuddin, M.
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Energies Vol. 14, no. 5 (Mar 2021), p. 16
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  • Description: The present study examines the effect of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano-additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with soybean biodiesel. Soybean biofuel was prepared using the transesterification process. The morphology of nano-additives was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The Ultrasonication process was used for the homogeneous blending of nano-additives with biodiesel, while surfactant was used for the stabilisation of nano-additives. The physicochemical properties of pure and blended fuel samples were measured as per ASTM standards. The performance and emissions characteristics of different fuel samples were measured at different loading conditions. It was found that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased by 3.48-6.39% and 5.81-9.88%, respectively, with the addition of SiO2 nano-additives. The carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke emissions for nano-additive added blends were decreased by 1.9-17.5%, 20.56-27.5% and 10.16-23.54% compared to SBME25 fuel blends. *Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “M. Shahabuddin” is provided in this record**

Process modelling for the production of hydrogen-rich gas from gasification of coal using oxygen, CO2 and steam reactants

- Shahabuddin, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 46, no. 47 (2021), p. 24051-24059
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  • Description: This process modelling studied the effect of different reactants on syngas composition and gasifier heat duty (heat energy required to carry out the operation) and the downstream treatment of CO rich syngas to maximise hydrogen yield. The process modelling was validated against experimental data obtained from a large bench-scale entrained flow gasifier. Results show that considering the H2/CO ratio, the steam-O2 reactant favours the most compared to those of the pure oxygen and oxygen-CO2 reactants. Under comparable operating conditions, the highest H2/CO ratio of 0.74 was determined using steam-O2 reactant compared to that of 0.31 and 0.33 using steam-CO2 and pure oxygen reactant. The catalytic water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) favours the yield of H2 with complete CO conversion at a temperature of 400 °C using the steam/coal ratio of 1.2. Supplying steam in the gasifier requires more heat energy to be supplied to drive endothermic gasification reaction and maintain the gasifier temperature. Under complete carbon conversion, steam-CO2 and steam-oxygen reactants require 5–65 kW more energy than pure oxygen. © 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Single-phase flow analysis : an attempt to mitigate particle deposition on the glass window of a fluidized bed solar receiver

- Shahabuddin, M.

  • Authors: Shahabuddin, M.
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME Vol. 138, no. 4 (2016), p.
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  • Description: The problem of particle deposition on the glass window of a solar receiver has restricted its continuous operation by reducing solar radiation transmission. A rigorous attempt has been made in this analysis by exploring the understanding of particle deposition mechanisms and their mitigating strategies. A simplified form of a fluidized bed solar receiver (FBSR) having the same flow phenomena of FBSR is chosen for the numerical analysis. In the numerical analysis, the turbulent flow in the receiver is investigated by renormalized group (RNG) theory based kepsi; models. The validation of the numerical model is carried out by measuring the turbulent flow properties using a turbulent flow instrumentation (TFI) Cobra probe. The results of this analysis revealed that mass flow into the secondary concentrator of the receiver was reduced significantly when the ratio between the outlets and inlet areas was 0.5, and the ratio between the aperture and receiver diameter was 0.41. When using window shielding jets, only 5% of the inlet mass as a window jet was sufficient to prevent any particle deposition on the glass window, however, the number of jets was found to be an important factor. At a constant mass flow rate, increasing the number of window shielding jets reduced the suction pressure from the core to the aperture, which helped to restrict the inlet flow in the secondary concentrator. © 2016 by ASME.
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