Showing items 1 - 20 of 31

A blockchain based privacy-preserving system for electric vehicles through local communication

- Yahaya, Adamu, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Rabiya, Imran, Muhammad, Naseer, Nidal

A blockchain model for fair data sharing in deregulated smart grids

- Samuel, Omaji, Javaid, Nadeem, Awais, Muhammad, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Samuel, Omaji , Javaid, Nadeem , Awais, Muhammad , Ahmed, Zeeshan , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2019, Waikoloa 9-13 December 2019
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  • Description: The emergence of smart home appliances has generated a high volume of data on smart meters belonging to different customers. However, customers can not share their data in deregulated smart grids due to privacy concern. Although, these data are important for the service provider in order to provide an efficient service. To encourage the customers' participation, this paper proposes an access control mechanism by fairly compensating customers for their participation in data sharing via blockchain using the concept of differential privacy. We addressed the computational issues of existing ethereum blockchain by proposing a proof of authority consensus protocol through the Pagerank mechanism in order to derive the reputation scores. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed model to minimize privacy risk, and maximize aggregator's profit. In addition, gas consumption, as well as the cost of the computational resources, is reduced. © 2019 IEEE.

A blockchain-based decentralized energy management in a P2P trading system

- Khalid, Rabiya, Javaid, Nadeem, Javaid, Sakeena, Imran, Muhammad, Naseer, Nidal

  • Authors: Khalid, Rabiya , Javaid, Nadeem , Javaid, Sakeena , Imran, Muhammad , Naseer, Nidal
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2020, Dublin, Ireland, 7 to 11 June, IEEE International Conference on Communications Vol. 2020-June
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  • Description: Local energy generation and peer to peer (P2P) energy trading in the local market can reduce energy consumption cost, emission of harmful gases (as renewable energy sources (RESs) are used to generate energy at user's premises) and increase smart grid resilience. In this paper, to implement a hybrid P2P energy trading market, a blockchain-based solution is proposed. A blockchain-based system is fully decentralized and it allows the market members to interact with each other and trade energy without involving any third party. Smart contracts play a very important role in the blockchain-based energy trading market. They contain all the necessary rules for energy trading. We have proposed three smart contracts to implement the hybrid electricity trading market. The market members interact with main smart contract which requests P2P smart contract and prosumer to grid (P2G) smart contract for further processing. The main objectives of this paper are to propose a model to implement an efficient hybrid energy trading market while reducing cost and peak to average ratio (PAR) of electricity. © 2020 IEEE.

A blockchain-based privacy-preserving mechanism with aggregator as common communication point

- Yahaya, Adamu, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Rabiya, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Mohsen

  • Authors: Yahaya, Adamu , Javaid, Nadeem , Khalid, Rabiya , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Mohsen
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2020, Dublin, Ireland, 7 to 11 June, IEEE International Conference on Communications Vol. 2020-June
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  • Description: The high penetration of renewable energy resources into the distributed system and their intermittent behavior of the non-dispatchable generation causes issues of demand supply mismatch and serious security and privacy concerned in the system. It is believed that incorporating blockchain will reduce costs, enhance data security, and improve the system efficiency. However, privacy issues are not completely eliminated and can hinder the wide applications of blockchain. In the study, we present a Reputation Based Starvation Free Energy Allocation Policy (Reputation-SFEAP) in a decentralized and distributed blockchain-based energy trading; while keeping Aggregator as Common Communication Point. In addition, Identity-Based encryption (ID-Based encryption) technique is added that improves transactional information privacy. According to the research analysis, it is observed that the proposed system model has optimal and fair energy allocation algorithms, which prevent all the energy users from energy starvation and share the available energy accordingly. Moreover, the incorporated encryption system has greater security-privacy level, which protects passive attacker and disguises attacker from penetration. © 2020 IEEE.

A multi-hop angular routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

- Akbar, Mariam, Javaid, Nadeem, Imran, Muhammad, Rao, Areeba, Younis, Muhammad, Niaz, Iftikhar

  • Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Imran, Muhammad , Rao, Areeba , Younis, Muhammad , Niaz, Iftikhar
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks Vol. 12, no. 9 (2016), p.
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  • Description: In this article, we propose two new routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. First one is AM-DisCNT (angular multi-hop distance-based clustering network transmission) protocol which uses circular deployment of sensors (nodes) for uniform energy consumption in the network. The protocol operates in such a way that nodes with maximum residual energy are selected as cluster heads for each round. Second one is iAM-DisCNT (improved AM-DisCNT) protocol which exploits both mobile and static base stations for throughput maximization. Besides the proposition of routing protocols, iAM-DisCNT is provided with three mathematical models: two linear-programming-based models for information flow maximization and packet drop rate minimization and one model for calculating energy consumption of nodes. Graphical analysis for linear-programming-based mathematical formulation is also part of this work. Simulation results show that AM-DisCNT has 32% and iAM-DisCNT has 48% improved stability period as compared to LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and DEEC (distributed energy-efficient clustering) routing protocols. Similarly, throughput of AM-DisCNT and iAM-DisCNT is improved by 16% and 80%, respectively, in comparison with the counterpart schemes. © The Author(s) 2016.

A new insight towards buffer-aided relaying in cooperative wireless networks

- Nasir, Hina, Javaid, Nadeem, Raza, Waseem, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Nasir, Hina , Javaid, Nadeem , Raza, Waseem , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018, Limassol, 25-29 June 2018 p. 839-844
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  • Description: This piece of work presents a novel design for buffer-aided relaying to increase the diversity gain. In this design, we used random buffer access method and associate each buffer location with its own antenna resource. Thus, each buffer location acts as an independent entity known as the virtual relay. The relay selection is based on the instantaneous strength of wireless link and the status of buffers. Markov chain is used to illustrate the growth of buffer status and to derive the closed-form expressions for the outage probability and diversity gain. The proposed design achieves the diversity gain of KL as compared to current buffer-aided max-link and max-max schemes having the diversity gain of 2K and K, respectively. Moreover, the proposed design achieves less delay at low SNR and 1+KL at high SNR. Analytical results are validated via simulation results. © 2018 IEEE.

A novel cooperative link selection mechanism for enhancing the robustness in scale-free IoT networks

- Khan, Muhammad, Javaid, Nadeem, Javaid, Sakeena, Khalid, Adia, Nasser, Nidal, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Khan, Muhammad , Javaid, Nadeem , Javaid, Sakeena , Khalid, Adia , Nasser, Nidal , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 16th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2020, Limassol, Cyrprus, 15 to 19 June 2020, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 p. 2222-2227
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  • Description: In today's world, Internet of Things (IoT) helps people in many fields by enabling smart city projects in health monitoring, smart parking, industrial optimization, home energy management, etc. Daily life objects are connected with the Internet to allow access to their owners to keep an eye on their surroundings. The IoT network is comprised of nodes that are smart enough to perform any function and provide benefits to the people. However, any fault in the network opens up the risk of leaking personal information. The aim is to develop a scale-free network, which controls the effects of malicious attacks and consequently improves the network robustness. In this paper, our prime focus is to mitigate the effect of malicious nodes by providing a robust strategy to maintain the network stability. In this regard, we propose a topology named as a Cooperation based Edge Swap (CES) for improving the network robustness in the scale-free network. The CES uses the edge/link selection mechanism by involving the cooperation using a Rayleigh fading to swap the network topology for improving the network robustness. The simulations' outcome depicts the performance of the CES in terms of improving the network robustness. © 2020 IEEE.

A trust management system for multi-agent system in smart grids using blockchain technology

- Samuel, Omaji, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Adia, Imrarn, Muhammad, Nasser, Nidal

  • Authors: Samuel, Omaji , Javaid, Nadeem , Khalid, Adia , Imrarn, Muhammad , Nasser, Nidal
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020, Virtual, Taipei China, 7 to 11 December 2020, 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2020 - Proceedings Vol. 2020-January
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  • Description: In a multi-agent system (MAS), the trust of each agent has become hot research issues in the smart grids. The traditional trust systems that use access control and cryptography are not sufficient to handle the dynamic behavior of agents. Also, they are inefficient to solve the computational overhead of the cryptographic primitives. Based on these limitations, this paper proposes a blockchain-based trust management system for MAS. The proposed system consists of two layers: a lower layer that enables an agent to perform direct and indirect trust evaluations of other agents during interactions. Multi-source feedback from the interactions among different aggregators is feed to the blockchain. The upper layer is used to perform trust credibility of agents based on trust distortion, consistency and reliability. The credibility evaluation is used to determine the dynamic behavior of agents and also detect dishonest agents in the system. Trust model and security analysis of the proposed system are provided. Moreover, simulation results evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed trust system while the system is secure against bad-mouthing and on-off attacks. © 2020 IEEE.

An incentive scheme for VANETs based on traffic event validation using blockchain

- Iftikhar, Muhammad, Javaid, Nadeem, Samuel, Omaji, Shoaib, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Iftikhar, Muhammad , Javaid, Nadeem , Samuel, Omaji , Shoaib, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 16th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, 15 to 19 June 2020, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 p. 2133-2137
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  • Description: A large amount of data is involved in an effective and timely exchange of traffic information between vehicles in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), which ensures efficiency and reliability. VANETs assist in sharing traffic information effectively and timely to improve traffic efficiency and reliability. However, less storage capability and selfish behavior of the vehicles are important issues that need to be tackled. Moreover, traditional storage mechanisms require the involvement of third parties, which are insecure, untrustworthy, non-transparent, and unreliable. To overcome these issues, we proposed a blockchain-based data storage scheme for VANETs by exploiting the benefits of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), which is deployed on Road Side Units (RSUs). Furthermore, RSUs are able to receive the aggregation packet comprising of the event information acquired from the vehicles. After receiving and verifying the aggregation packet, the RSU stores the event's information in IPFS and the reputation values of vehicles in blockchain. Moreover, we proposed an incentive mechanism in this work, in which monetary incentives are given to the repliers who agree with the vehicle regarding the event information. The incentives are given by the initiator after verifying the signatures of the repliers. All the transactions involved in the incentive process are stored in blockchain. The simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of transaction cost and storage savings in VANETs. © 2020 IEEE.

Buffer occupancy based DF and AF relaying in Nakagami-m fading channels

- Raza, Waseem, Javaid, Nadeem, Nasir, Hina, Imran, Muhammad, Naseer, Nidal

  • Authors: Raza, Waseem , Javaid, Nadeem , Nasir, Hina , Imran, Muhammad , Naseer, Nidal
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2019, Shanghai, 20 to 24 May 2019 Vol. 2019-May
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  • Description: Despite significant performance gains, buffer-aided cooperative communication incurs an increased latency. It is handled by prioritizing relay-to-destination links. The contribution of this paper is two-fold, firstly, we studied buffer threshold based decode-and-forward (DF) relaying for Rayleigh fading channels in Nakagami-m fading channels. Secondly, we present the outage analysis of buffer occupancy based amplify and forward (AF) relaying by introducing a modified threshold in terms of signal to noise ratio at relay and destination, which enables the conventional Markov chain (MC) based analysis of DF relaying to work for AF relaying with slight modifications. Using this approach, we evaluate the system using MC-based analysis for outage probability, latency and throughput. The results depict that the buffer threshold based relaying can significantly decrease the latency and increase the average throughput by negotiating the outage probability. Furthermore, extensive Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to prove the theoretical outcomes. © 2019 IEEE.

Buffer occupancy based link prioritization for cooperative wireless networks

- Raza, Waseem, Javaid, Nadeem, Nasir, Hina, Imran, Muhammad, Yasar, Ansar

  • Authors: Raza, Waseem , Javaid, Nadeem , Nasir, Hina , Imran, Muhammad , Yasar, Ansar
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018, Limassol, Cyprus p. 850-855
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  • Description: This paper presents a decisive threshold termed as the buffer-threshold to control the selection probability of source-relay (SR) or relay-destination (RD) links for the buffer aided cooperative wireless networks. The weights of the links are reassigned using buffer-threshold and a link with the maximum weight is activated. The proposed scheme is termed as Buffer-Threshold based relay selection scheme (BTRS). The relations of the outage probability (OP) and the average delay are calculated by the Markov Modelling of the buffers. Theoretical results are analyzed for different cases of the buffer-threshold and validated by the Monte-carlo simulations. For the performance evaluation BTRS is compared with the max link relay selection (MLRS) scheme and the max weight relay selection (MWRS) scheme and outperforms its counterparts in terms of the average delay. © 2018 IEEE.

Cloud based secure service providing for IoTs using blockchain

- Rehman, Mubariz, Javaid, Nadeem, Awais, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Naseer, Nidal

  • Authors: Rehman, Mubariz , Javaid, Nadeem , Awais, Muhammad , Imran, Muhammad , Naseer, Nidal
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2019, Waikoloa, 9-13 December 2019
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  • Description: Internet of Things (IoTs) is widely growing domain of the modern era. With the advancement in technologies, the use of IoTs devices also increases. However, security risks regarding service provisioning and data sharing also increases. There are many existing security approaches. However, these approaches are not suitable for IoTs devices due to their limited storage and computation resources. These secure approaches also require a specific hardware. With the invention of blockchain technologies, many security risks are eliminated. Blockchain also supports data sharing mechanism. In this paper, we proposed a secure service providing mechanism for IoTs using blockchain. We introduced cloud nodes for maintaining the validity states of edge service providers. The edge node reputation is considered as a service rating given by end users. Incentive is given to edge servers after validation of service codes. Incentive is in the form of cryptocurrency. Incentive and edge node reputation values are stored in cloud node and are updated with respect to time. Smart contract is proposed to check the validity state of the edge servers. Smart contract is also used for the comparison and verification of the service codes provided by edge servers. In our proposed system, we perform service authentication at both cloud and edge server layer. Moreover, Proof of Authority (PoA) is used as a consensus mechanism. PoA enhanced overall performance of our proposed system. By experimental analysis, it is shown that our proposed model is suitable for resource constrained devices. © 2019 IEEE.

CNN and GRU based deep neural network for electricity theft detection to secure smart grid

- Ullah, Ashraf, Javaid, Nadeem, Samuel, Omaji, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ullah, Ashraf , Javaid, Nadeem , Samuel, Omaji , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 16th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, 15 to 19 June 2020, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 p. 1598-1602
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  • Description: In this paper, a Hybrid Deep Neural Network (HDNN) is proposed in this work, which is the combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), termed as CNN-GRU-PSO HDNN. In this paper, real time electricity consumption data of consumers is used, which is taken from an easily available online source, named as State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). The original dataset consists of actual values along with the erroneous and missing values. The pre-processing steps are performed initially to refine the data. After that, feature selection and extraction are performed using CNN, which reduce both the dimensionality and the redundancy present in the dataset. Furthermore, the classification of provided data into honest and fake consumers is done using GRU-PSO technique. The proposed HDNN model's performance is then compared with various benchmark techniques like Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and GRU. The efficiency of the proposed model is validated using various performance parameters like Area Under the Curve (AUC), precision, accuracy, recall and F1-Score. The simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing techniques in terms of ETD and class imbalanced issues. Moreover, the proposed model is also more robust and accurate than the existing methods. © 2020 IEEE.

Conditional anonymity enabled blockchain-based ad dissemination in vehicular ad-hoc network

- Javed, Muhammad, Jamal, Abid, Javaid, Nadeem, Haider, Noman, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Javed, Muhammad , Jamal, Abid , Javaid, Nadeem , Haider, Noman , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 16th IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, 15 to 19 June 2020, 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, IWCMC 2020 p. 2149-2153
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  • Description: I. Absract Advertisement sharing in vehicular network through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is a fascinating in-vehicle service for advertisers and the users due to multiple reasons. It enable advertisers to promote their product or services in the region of their interest. Also the users get to receive more relevant ads. Usually, users tend to contribute in dissemination of ads if their privacy is preserved and if some incentive is provided. Recent researches have focused on enabling both of the parameters for the users by developing fair incentive mechanism which preserves privacy by using Zero-Knowledge Proof of Knowledge (ZKPoK) [2]. However, the anonymity provided by ZKPoK can introduce internal attacker scenarios in the network due to which authenticated users can disseminate fake ads in the network without payment. As the existing scheme uses certificate-less cryptography, due to which malicious users cannot be removed from the network. In order to resolve these challenges, we employed conditional anonymity and introduced Monitoring Authority (MA) in the system. In our proposed scheme, the pseudonyms are assigned to the vehicles while their real identities are stored in Certification Authority (CA) in encrypted form. The pseudonyms are updated after a pre-defined time threshold to prevent behavioural privacy leakage. We performed security and performance analysis to show the efficiency of our proposed system. © 2020 IEEE.

Congestion control in wireless sensor networks based on support vector machine, grey wolf optimization and differential evolution

- Kazmi, Hafiza, Javaid, Nadeem, Imran, Muhammad, Outay, Fatma

  • Authors: Kazmi, Hafiza , Javaid, Nadeem , Imran, Muhammad , Outay, Fatma
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2019 Wireless Days, WD 2019, Manchester, 24 to 26 April 2019 Vol. 2019-April
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  • Description: Transmission rate is one of the contributing factors in the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Congested network causes reduced network response time, queuing delay and more packet loss. To address this issue, we have proposed a transmission rate control method. The current node in a WSN adjusts its transmission rate based on the traffic loading information gained from the downstream node. Multi classification is used to control the congestion using Support Vector Machine (SVM). In order to get less miss classification error, Differential Evolution (DE) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms are used to tune the SVM parameters. The comparative analysis has shown that the proposed approaches DE-SVM and GWO-SVM are more proficient than the other classification techniques in terms of classification error. © 2019 IEEE.

DE-RUSBoost : an efficient electricity theft detection scheme with additive communication layer

- Mujeeb, Sana, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Rabiya, Imran, Muhammad, Naseer, Nidal

  • Authors: Mujeeb, Sana , Javaid, Nadeem , Khalid, Rabiya , Imran, Muhammad , Naseer, Nidal
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2020, Dublin, Ireland, 7 to 11 June, IEEE International Conference on Communications Vol. 2020-June
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  • Description: Modern power grids depend on the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) for consumption monitoring, energy management and billing. However, AMIs are vulnerable to electricity theft cyber attacks due to addition of communication layer. Electricity theft is one of the major Non-Technical Losses (NTLs) in the electricity distribution systems that has become a global concern, recently. Although the machine learning techniques are widely used for Electricity Theft Detection (ETD) in literature, some significant challenges need to be address. (i) The consumption data is usually unlabeled, there should be proper method to label the data. (ii) The fair consumers significantly outnumber the fraudulent consumers, which negatively impacts the performance of classification algorithm. (iii) The performance of classifier must be validated using proper performance evaluation measures. In this paper, an enhanced ETD model is proposed that is an optimized classifier Differential Evaluation Random Under Sampling Boosting (DE-RUSBoost) is used for classification. Proposed classifier DE-RUSBoost is optimized using a metaheuristic optimization algorithm named Differential Evaluation (DE). The proposed method is evaluated on a real-world dataset, i.e., State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) datasets. DE-RUSBoost achieves the highest accuracy of 96% and low false detection rate of 0.004. The proposed method outperforms its counterparts in terms of accuracy and false detection rate. © 2020 IEEE.

Delay and energy consumption analysis of priority guaranteed MAC protocol for wireless body area networks

- Rasheed, Muhammad, Javaid, Nadeem, Imran, Muhammad, Khan, Zahoor, Qasim, Umar, Vasilakos, Athanasios

  • Authors: Rasheed, Muhammad , Javaid, Nadeem , Imran, Muhammad , Khan, Zahoor , Qasim, Umar , Vasilakos, Athanasios
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Wireless Networks Vol. 23, no. 4 (2017), p. 1249-1266
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  • Description: Wireless body area networks are captivating growing interest because of their suitability for wide range of applications. However, network lifetime is one of the most prominent barriers in deploying these networks for most applications. Moreover, most of these applications have stringent QoS requirements such as delay and throughput. In this paper, the modified superframe structure of IEEE 802.15.4 based MAC protocol is proposed which addresses the aforementioned problems and improves the energy consumption efficiency. Moreover, priority guaranteed CSMA/CA mechanism is used where different priorities are assigned to body nodes by adjusting the data type and size. In order to save energy, a wake-up radio based mechanism to control sleep and active modes of body sensors are used. Furthermore, a discrete time finite state Markov model to find the node states is used. Analytical expressions are derived to model and analyze the behavior of average energy consumption, throughput, packet drop probability, and average delay during normal and emergency data. Extensive simulations are conducted for analysis and validation of the proposed mechanism. Results show that the average energy consumption and delay are relatively higher during emergency data transmission with acknowledgment mode due to data collision and retransmission. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Efficient data gathering in 3D linear underwater wireless sensor networks using sink mobility

- Akbar, Mariam, Javaid, Nadeem, Khan, Ayesha, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad, Vasilakos, Athanasios

  • Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Khan, Ayesha , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Vasilakos, Athanasios
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sensors (Switzerland) Vol. 16, no. 3 (2016), p.
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  • Description: Due to the unpleasant and unpredictable underwater environment, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) demands more accuracy and extra computations. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a mobile sink (MS), i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and also courier nodes (CNs), to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. MS and CNs stop at specific stops for data gathering; later on, CNs forward the received data to the MS for further transmission. By the mobility of CNs and MS, the overall energy consumption of nodes is minimized. We perform simulations to investigate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it to preexisting techniques. Simulation results are compared in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss, transmission loss and packet drop ratio. The results show that the proposed technique performs better in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss and scalability. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Efficient data trading and storage in internet of vehicles using consortium blockchain

- Sadiq, Ayesha, Javaid, Nadeem, Samuel, Omaji, Khalid, Adia, Haider, Noman, Imran, Muhammad

Electric Load Forecasting using EEMD and machine learning techniques

- Naz, Aqdas, Javaid, Nadeem, Khalid, Adia, Shoaib, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad