Showing items 1 - 20 of 70

5G for Vehicular Communications

- Shah, Syed, Ahmed, Ejaz, Imran, Muhammad, Zeadally, Sherali

  • Authors: Shah, Syed , Ahmed, Ejaz , Imran, Muhammad , Zeadally, Sherali
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56, no. 1 (2018), p. 111-117
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  • Description: 5G is ongoing, and it is an emerging platform that not only aims to augment existing but also introduce a plethora of novel applications that require ultra-reliable low-latency communication. It is a new radio access technology that provides building blocks to retrofit existing platforms (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, and WiFi) for greater coverage, accessibility, and higher network density with respect to cells and devices. It implies that 5G aims to satisfy a diverse set of communication requirements of the various stakeholders. Among the stakeholders, vehicles, in particular, will benefit from 5G at both the system and application levels. The authors present a tutorial perspective on vehicular communications using the building blocks provided by 5G. First, we identify and describe key requirements of emerging vehicular communications and assess existing standards to determine their limitations. Then we provide a glimpse of the adopted 5G architecture and identify some of its promising salient features for vehicular communications. Finally, key 5G building blocks (i.e., proximity services, mobile edge computing and network slicing) are explored in the context of vehicular communications, and associated design challenges are highlighted. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

A blockchain-based solution for enhancing security and privacy in smart factory

- Wan, Jafu, Li, Jiapeng, Imran, Muhammad, Li, Di

  • Authors: Wan, Jafu , Li, Jiapeng , Imran, Muhammad , Li, Di
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics Vol. 15, no. 6 (2019), p. 3652-3660
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  • Description: Through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a smart factory has entered the booming period. However, as the number of nodes and network size become larger, the traditional IIoT architecture can no longer provide effective support for such enormous system. Therefore, we introduce the Blockchain architecture, which is an emerging scheme for constructing the distributed networks, to reshape the traditional IIoT architecture. First, the major problems of the traditional IIoT architecture are analyzed, and the existing improvements are summarized. Second, we introduce a security and privacy model to help design the Blockchain-based architecture. On this basis, we decompose and reorganize the original IIoT architecture to form a new multicenter partially decentralized architecture. Then, we introduce some relative security technologies to improve and optimize the new architecture. After that we design the data interaction process and the algorithms of the architecture. Finally, we use an automatic production platform to discuss the specific implementation. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture provides better security and privacy protection than the traditional architecture. Thus, the proposed architecture represents a significant improvement of the original architecture, which provides a new direction for the IIoT development. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

A critical analysis of mobility management related issues of wireless sensor networks in cyber physical systems

- Al-Muhtadi, Jalal, Qiang, Ma, Zeb, Khan, Chaudhry, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Qiang, Ma , Zeb, Khan , Chaudhry, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 16363-16376
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  • Description: Mobility management has been a long-standing issue in mobile wireless sensor networks and especially in the context of cyber physical systems its implications are immense. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current approaches to mobility management by evaluating them against a set of criteria which are essentially inherent characteristics of such systems on which these approaches are expected to provide acceptable performance. We summarize these characteristics by using a quadruple set of metrics. Additionally, using this set we classify the various approaches to mobility management that are discussed in this paper. Finally, the paper concludes by reviewing the main findings and providing suggestions that will be helpful to guide future research efforts in the area. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

A hybrid computing solution and resource scheduling strategy for edge computing in smart manufacturing

- Li, Xiaomin, Wan, Jiafu, Dai, Hong-Ning, Imran, Muhammad, Xia, Min, Celesti, Antonio

  • Authors: Li, Xiaomin , Wan, Jiafu , Dai, Hong-Ning , Imran, Muhammad , Xia, Min , Celesti, Antonio
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics Vol. 15, no. 7 (2019), p. 4225-4234
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  • Description: At present, smart manufacturing computing framework has faced many challenges such as the lack of an effective framework of fusing computing historical heritages and resource scheduling strategy to guarantee the low-latency requirement. In this paper, we propose a hybrid computing framework and design an intelligent resource scheduling strategy to fulfill the real-time requirement in smart manufacturing with edge computing support. First, a four-layer computing system in a smart manufacturing environment is provided to support the artificial intelligence task operation with the network perspective. Then, a two-phase algorithm for scheduling the computing resources in the edge layer is designed based on greedy and threshold strategies with latency constraints. Finally, a prototype platform was developed. We conducted experiments on the prototype to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework with a comparison of the traditionally-used methods. The proposed strategies have demonstrated the excellent real-time, satisfaction degree (SD), and energy consumption performance of computing services in smart manufacturing with edge computing. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

A hybrid precoding- and filtering-based uplink MC-LNOMA scheme for 5G cellular networks with reduced PAPR

- Baig, Imran, Farooq, Umer, Ahmed, Ejaz, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Baig, Imran , Farooq, Umer , Ahmed, Ejaz , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Vol. 29, no. 10 (2018), p.
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  • Description: Uplink multicarrier localized nonorthogonal multiple access (MC-LNOMA) is a variant of hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access, where subcarrier mapping is performed in localized mode. MC-LNOMA is one of the most prominent emerging schemes and likely to be employed in the forthcoming fifth-generation cellular networks due to its massive connectivity, spectral efficiency, better cell coverage capability, and higher data rate. It may employ orthogonal frequency-division multiple access due to the technical ripeness. However, schemes based on orthogonal frequency-division multiple access all suffer from the high peak-to-average power ratio problem. Therefore, in this paper, a new finite impulse response filter–based discrete cosine transform–precoded uplink MC-LNOMA scheme is presented for peak-to-average power ratio reduction. MATLAB simulations demonstrate the performance supremacy of the proposed scheme compared to contemporary schemes such as discrete cosine transform–precoded uplink MC-LNOMA and nonprecoded uplink MC-LNOMA. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A Joint Filtering and Precoding Based Uplink MC-NOMA

- Baig, Imran, Farooq, U., Ul Hasan, N., Zghaibeh, M., Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Baig, Imran , Farooq, U. , Ul Hasan, N. , Zghaibeh, M. , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2018 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, ISNCC 2018, Rome, 19-21 June 2018
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  • Description: Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has become one of the prospective candidates for upcoming 5 th generation Cellular network standard. Multicarrier NOMA (MC-NOMA) is a kind of hybrid NOMA, where, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) may be employed to achieve higher capacity. However, MC-NOMA scheme based on OFDMA face the problem of higher Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The high PAPR reduces both energy and spectral efficiency of the MC-NOMA scheme. Therefore, in this paper, a new Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering based Zadoff-Chu Matrix Transform (ZCMT) precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme is presented to reduce higher PAPR. MATLAB® simulations demonstrate that, the proposed filter based ZCMT precoded uplink MC-NOMA scheme outperform the ZCMT precoded uplink MC-NOMA schemes without filtering, uplink Single Carrier NOMA (SC-NOMA) schemes and conventional uplink MC-NOMA schemes available in the literature. © 2018 IEEE.

A multivariant stream analysis approach to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks

- Kolandaisamy, Raenu, Md Noor, Rafidah, Ahmedy, Ismail, Ahmad, Iftikhar, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Kolandaisamy, Raenu , Md Noor, Rafidah , Ahmedy, Ismail , Ahmad, Iftikhar , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Vol. 2018, no. (2018), p.
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  • Description: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly gaining attention due to the diversity of services that they can potentially offer. However, VANET communication is vulnerable to numerous security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Dealing with these attacks in VANET is a challenging problem. Most of the existing DDoS detection techniques suffer from poor accuracy and high computational overhead. To cope with these problems, we present a novel Multivariant Stream Analysis (MVSA) approach. The proposed MVSA approach maintains the multiple stages for detection DDoS attack in network. The Multivariant Stream Analysis gives unique result based on the Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication through Road Side Unit. The approach observes the traffic in different situations and time frames and maintains different rules for various traffic classes in various time windows. The performance of the MVSA is evaluated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the MVSA regarding detection accuracy and reducing the impact on VANET communication. © 2018 Raenu Kolandaisamy et al. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

A new insight towards buffer-aided relaying in cooperative wireless networks

- Nasir, Hina, Javaid, Nadeem, Raza, Waseem, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Nasir, Hina , Javaid, Nadeem , Raza, Waseem , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018, Limassol, 25-29 June 2018 p. 839-844
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  • Description: This piece of work presents a novel design for buffer-aided relaying to increase the diversity gain. In this design, we used random buffer access method and associate each buffer location with its own antenna resource. Thus, each buffer location acts as an independent entity known as the virtual relay. The relay selection is based on the instantaneous strength of wireless link and the status of buffers. Markov chain is used to illustrate the growth of buffer status and to derive the closed-form expressions for the outage probability and diversity gain. The proposed design achieves the diversity gain of KL as compared to current buffer-aided max-link and max-max schemes having the diversity gain of 2K and K, respectively. Moreover, the proposed design achieves less delay at low SNR and 1+KL at high SNR. Analytical results are validated via simulation results. © 2018 IEEE.

A novel countermeasure technique for reactive jamming attack in internet of things

- Fadele, Alaba, Othman, Mazliza, Hashem, Ibrahim, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Fadele, Alaba , Othman, Mazliza , Hashem, Ibrahim , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Multimedia Tools and Applications Vol. 78, no. 21 (2019), p. 29899-29920
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  • Description: In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted significant attention because of its wide range of applications in various domains. However, security is a growing concern as users of small devices in an IoT network are unable to defend themselves against reactive jamming attacks. These attacks negatively affect the performance of devices and hinder IoT operations. To address such an issue, this paper presents a novel countermeasure detection and consistency algorithm (CDCA), which aims to fight reactive jamming attacks on IoT networks. The proposed CDCA uses a change in threshold value to detect and treat an attack. The algorithm employs channel signal strength to check packet consistency by determining if the data transmission value contradicts the threshold value. The node that sends the threshold value is periodically checked and the threshold value is compared with the current value after data transmission to find out if an attack has occurred in the network. Based on realistic simulation scenarios (e.g., with varying traffic interval, number of malicious nodes, and random mobility patterns), the performance of the proposed CDCA is evaluated using a Cooja simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique compared with contemporary schemes in terms of performance metrics such as energy consumption, traffic delay, and network throughput. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

A reconfigurable scatternet formation and maintenance scheme with heterogeneous services for smart Bluetooth devices

- Imran, Muhammad, Bakhsh, Sheikh, Tahir, Sabeen, Basheri, Mohammed, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Imran, Muhammad , Bakhsh, Sheikh , Tahir, Sabeen , Basheri, Mohammed , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sustainable Cities and Society Vol. 40, no. (2018), p. 589-599
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  • Description: Bluetooth Inter-piconet communication necessitates deployment of relay nodes. However, network performance is affected with the increased count of relays due to high control overhead. Moreover, the mobility and power failure of a relay node may partition the network, which affects scatternet performance. This research aims to maintain scatternet connectivity without employing redundant relays. This paper presents a Scatternet Formation and Maintenance (SFM) scheme that strives to sustain scatternet connectivity. To minimize control and flooding overhead, SFM removes redundant relays without disconnecting the scatternet. Moreover, backup relays are employed to avoid network partitioning. To avoid a link disconnection, Bluetooth devices in SFM continuously keep track of movement and residual energy. A moving node notifies its master before disconnecting any communication link to make an alternative arrangement for a backup. A backup relay is activated to maintain existing communication links. In addition, backup relay activation improves the performance of synchronous connection oriented and asynchronous connection less links. The proposed technique also reduces control messaging overhead for relay optimization from O(n2) to O(n). Simulation results validate effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme for inter-piconet communication. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

A zero-watermarking algorithm for privacy protection in biomedical signals

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Alsulaiman, Mansour, Zia, Tanveer, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Alsulaiman, Mansour , Zia, Tanveer , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 82, no. (2018), p. 290-303
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  • Description: Confidentiality of health information is indispensable to protect privacy of an individual. However, recent advances in electronic healthcare systems allow transmission of sensitive information through the Internet, which is prone to various vulnerabilities, attacks and may leads to unauthorized disclosure. Such situations may not only create adverse effects for individuals but may also cause severe consequences such as hefty regulatory fines, bad publicity, legal fees, and forensics. To avoid such predicaments, a privacy protected healthcare system is proposed in this study that protects the identity of an individual as well as detects vocal fold disorders. The privacy of the developed healthcare system is based on the proposed zero-watermarking algorithm, which embeds a watermark in a secret key instead of the signals to avoid the distortion in an audio sample. The identity is protected by the generation of its secret shares through visual cryptography. The generated shares are embedded by finding the patterns into the audio with the application of one-dimensional local binary pattern. The proposed zero-watermarking algorithm is evaluated by using audio samples taken from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary voice disorder database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves imperceptibility and is reliable in its extraction of identity. In addition, the proposed algorithm does not affect the results of disorder detection and it is robust against noise attacks of various signal-to-noise ratios. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

An improved mechanism for flow rule installation in In-band SDN

- Awan, Israr, Shah, Nadir, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad, Saeed, Nasir

  • Authors: Awan, Israr , Shah, Nadir , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Saeed, Nasir
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Systems Architecture Vol. 96, no. (2019), p. 32-51
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  • Description: Software Defined Network (SDN) is a new network architecture that controls the network through a logically centralized controller. The controller computes and installs the flow rules (i.e., entries) in the flow table at switches. When a switch receives the data packet and does not have the flow rule in its flow table, the switch contacts controller. The best path is computed by using topology and network policies. Then controller installs flow rules at switches along the path. Subsequently, the packet is forwarded to the switches accordingly. Due to the asynchronous nature of SDN, the packet may reach an intermediate switch before the corresponding flow rules. In this case, the packet is dropped by the switch. To address this problem, we propose a new technique that computes delay of both, the flow rules installation and packet arrival at a switch along the path. In case the packet arrival delay at the switch S1 is less than the delay of corresponding flow rule installation at S1, then the packet is delayed for a minimum duration at the predecessor switch of S1 in such a way that the corresponding flow rule is installed before the packet arrival. Thus, the proposed mechanism ensures flow rule installation before the corresponding packet reaches switches and subsequently reduces packet loss. To compute the delay between any two switches, and a switch and controller, our proposed technique exploits the keep-alive messages exchanged between switch and controller in order to reduce the redundant traffic in the network. We evaluated our proposed technique in terms of packet delivery ratio and average packet end-to-end delay in Mininet emulator. Our proposed technique improves the packet delivery ratio up to 36% and average packet end-to-end delay is reduced to 12% in case of a varying number of flows as compared to an existing mechanism. Moreover, we testify our proposed technique by running the real network traces. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Update notice: Erratum to ‘An Improved Mechanism for Flow Rule Installation in In-band SDN’ [Journal of Systems Architecture, 96, 2019, Pages 32–51](S1383762119301079)(10.1016/j.sysarc.2019.03.002)) Journal of Systems Architecture, Volume 96, Pages R1, June 2019

An innovative algorithm for privacy protection in a voice disorder detection system

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Abdul, Wadood, Shoaib, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Abdul, Wadood , Shoaib, Muhammad
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 1st International Early Research Career Enhancement School on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, FIERCES on BICA 2017, Moscow, 1-6 August 2018 Vol. 636, p. 228-233
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  • Description: Health information is critical for the patient and its unauthorized access may have server impact. With the advancement in the healthcare systems especially through the Internet of Things give rises to patient privacy. We developed a healthcare system that protects identity of patients using innovative zero-watermarking algorithm along with vocal fold disorders detection. To avoid audio signal distortion, proposed system embeds watermark in a secret key of identity by visual cryptography rather than audio signal. The secret shares generated through visual cryptography are inserted in the secret watermark key by computing the features of audio signals. The proposed technique is evaluated using audio samples taken from voice disorder database of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI). Experimental results prove that the proposed technique achieves imperceptibility with reliability to extract identity, unaffected disorder detection result with high robustness. The results are provided in form of Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCR), Bit Error Rate (BER), and Energy Ratio (ENR). © Springer International Publishing AG 2018.

Assessing nitrate contamination risks in groundwater : a machine learning approach

- Awais, Muhammad, Aslam, Bilal, Maqsoom, Ahsen, Khalil, Umer, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Awais, Muhammad , Aslam, Bilal , Maqsoom, Ahsen , Khalil, Umer , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Applied Sciences (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 21 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Groundwater is one of the primary sources for the daily water requirements of the masses, but it is subjected to contamination due to the pollutants, such as nitrate, percolating through the soil with water. Especially in built-up areas, groundwater vulnerability and contamination are of major concern, and require appropriate consideration. The present study develops a novel framework for assessing groundwater nitrate contamination risk for the area along the Karakoram Highway, which is a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) route in northern Pakistan. A groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using the DRASTIC model. The nitrate concentration data from a previous study were used to formulate the nitrate contamination map. Three machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to analyze the probability of groundwater contamination incidence. Furthermore, groundwater contamination probability maps were obtained utilizing the ensemble modeling approach. The models were calibrated and validated through calibration trials, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC), where a minimum AUC threshold value of 80% was achieved. Results indicated the accuracy of the models to be in the range of 0.82–0.87. The final groundwater contamination risk map highlights that 34% of the area is moderately vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and 13% of the area is exposed to high groundwater contamination risk. The findings of this study can facilitate decision-making regarding the location of future built-up areas properly in order to mitigate the nitrate contamination that can further reduce the associated health risks. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Big data analytics in industrial IoT using a concentric computing model

- Rehman, Muhammad, Ahmed, Ejaz, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Hashem, Ibrahim, Imran, Muhammad, Ahmad, Shafiq

  • Authors: Rehman, Muhammad , Ahmed, Ejaz , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Hashem, Ibrahim , Imran, Muhammad , Ahmad, Shafiq
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56, no. 2 (2018), p. 37-43
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  • Description: The unprecedented proliferation of miniaturized sensors and intelligent communication, computing, and control technologies have paved the way for the development of the Industrial Internet of Things. The IIoT incorporates machine learning and massively parallel distributed systems such as clouds, clusters, and grids for big data storage, processing, and analytics. In IIoT, end devices continuously generate and transmit data streams, resulting in increased network traffic between device-cloud communication. Moreover, it increases in-network data transmissions. requiring additional efforts for big data processing, management, and analytics. To cope with these engendered issues, this article first introduces a novel concentric computing model (CCM) paradigm composed of sensing systems, outer and inner gateway processors, and central processors (outer and inner) for the deployment of big data analytics applications in IIoT. Second, we investigate, highlight, and report recent research efforts directed at the IIoT paradigm with respect to big data analytics. Third, we identify and discuss indispensable challenges that remain to be addressed for employing CCM in the IIoT paradigm. Lastly, we provide several future research directions (e.g., real-Time data analytics, data integration, transmission of meaningful data, edge analytics, real-Time fusion of streaming data, and security and privacy). © 1979-2012 IEEE.

Blind detection of copy-move forgery in digital audio forensics

- Imran, Muhammad, Ali, Zulfiqar, Bakhsh, Sheikh, Akram, Sheeraz

  • Authors: Imran, Muhammad , Ali, Zulfiqar , Bakhsh, Sheikh , Akram, Sheeraz
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 5, no. (2017), p. 12843-12855
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  • Description: Although copy-move forgery is one of the most common fabrication techniques, blind detection of such tampering in digital audio is mostly unexplored. Unlike active techniques, blind forgery detection is challenging, because it does not embed a watermark or signature in an audio that is unknown in most of the real-life scenarios. Therefore, forgery localization becomes more challenging, especially when using blind methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method for blind detection and localization of copy-move forgery. One of the most crucial steps in the proposed method is a voice activity detection (VAD) module for investigating audio recordings to detect and localize the forgery. The VAD module is equally vital for the development of the copy-move forgery database, wherein audio samples are generated by using the recordings of various types of microphones. We employ a chaotic theory to copy and move the text in generated forged recordings to ensure forgery localization at any place in a recording. The VAD module is responsible for the extraction of words in a forged audio, these words are analyzed by applying a 1-D local binary pattern operator. This operator provides the patterns of extracted words in the form of histograms. The forged parts (copy and move text) have similar histograms. An accuracy of 96.59% is achieved, the proposed method is deemed robust against noise. © 2013 IEEE.

Bringing Computation Closer toward the User Network: Is Edge Computing the Solution?

- Ahmed, Ejaz, Ahmed, Arif, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Shuja, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad

  • Authors: Ahmed, Ejaz , Ahmed, Arif , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Shuja, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 55, no. 11 (2017), p. 138-144
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  • Description: The virtually unlimited available resources and wide range of services provided by the cloud have resulted in the emergence of new cloud-based applications, such as smart grids, smart building control, and virtual reality. These developments, however, have also been accompanied by a problem for delay-sensitive applications that have stringent delay requirements. The current cloud computing paradigm cannot realize the requirements of mobility support, location awareness, and low latency. Hence, to address the problem, an edge computing paradigm that aims to extend the cloud resources and services and enable them to be nearer the edge of an enterprise's network has been introduced. In this article, we highlight the significance of edge computing by providing real-life scenarios that have strict constraint requirements on application response time. From the previous literature, we devise a taxonomy to classify the current research efforts in the domain of edge computing. We also discuss the key requirements that enable edge computing. Finally, current challenges in realizing the vision of edge computing are discussed. © 1979-2012 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “ Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Buffer occupancy based link prioritization for cooperative wireless networks

- Raza, Waseem, Javaid, Nadeem, Nasir, Hina, Imran, Muhammad, Yasar, Ansar

  • Authors: Raza, Waseem , Javaid, Nadeem , Nasir, Hina , Imran, Muhammad , Yasar, Ansar
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 14th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC 2018, Limassol, Cyprus p. 850-855
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  • Description: This paper presents a decisive threshold termed as the buffer-threshold to control the selection probability of source-relay (SR) or relay-destination (RD) links for the buffer aided cooperative wireless networks. The weights of the links are reassigned using buffer-threshold and a link with the maximum weight is activated. The proposed scheme is termed as Buffer-Threshold based relay selection scheme (BTRS). The relations of the outage probability (OP) and the average delay are calculated by the Markov Modelling of the buffers. Theoretical results are analyzed for different cases of the buffer-threshold and validated by the Monte-carlo simulations. For the performance evaluation BTRS is compared with the max link relay selection (MLRS) scheme and the max weight relay selection (MWRS) scheme and outperforms its counterparts in terms of the average delay. © 2018 IEEE.

Channel clustering and QoS level identification scheme for multi-channel cognitive radio networks

- Ali, Amjad, Yaqoob, Ibrar, Ahmed, Adnan, Imran, Muhammad, Kwak, Kyung

  • Authors: Ali, Amjad , Yaqoob, Ibrar , Ahmed, Adnan , Imran, Muhammad , Kwak, Kyung
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: IEEE Communications Magazine Vol. 56, no. 4 (2018), p. 164-171
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  • Description: The increasing popularity of wireless services and devices necessitates high bandwidth requirements; however, spectrum resources are not only limited but also heavily underutilized. Multiple license channels that support the same levels of QoS are desirable to resolve the problems posed by the scarcity and inefficient use of spectrum resources in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (MCRNs). One reason is that multimedia services and applications have distinct, stringent QoS requirements. However, due to a lack of coordination between primary and secondary users, identifying the QoS levels supported over available licensed channels has proven to be problematic and has yet to be attempted. This article presents a novel Bayesian non-parametric channel clustering scheme, which identifies the QoS levels supported over available license channels. The proposed scheme employs the infinite Gaussian mixture model and collapsed Gibbs sampler to identify the QoS levels from the feature space of the bit rate, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay variation of licensed channels. Moreover, the real measurements of wireless data traces and comparisons with baseline clustering schemes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. © 1979-2012 IEEE. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**

Chaos-based robust method of zero-watermarking for medical signals

- Ali, Zulfiqar, Imran, Muhammad, Alsulaiman, Mansour, Shoaib, Muhammad, Ullah, Sana

  • Authors: Ali, Zulfiqar , Imran, Muhammad , Alsulaiman, Mansour , Shoaib, Muhammad , Ullah, Sana
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Future Generation Computer Systems Vol. 88, no. (2018), p. 400-412
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  • Description: The growing use of wireless health data transmission via Internet of Things is significantly beneficial to the healthcare industry for optimal usage of health-related facilities. However, at the same time, the use raises concern of privacy protection. Health-related data are private and should be suitably protected. Several pathologies, such as vocal fold disorders, indicate high risks of prevalence in individuals with voice-related occupations, such as teachers, singers, and lawyers. Approximately, one-third of the world population suffers from the voice-related problems during the life span and unauthorized access to their data can create unavoidable circumstances in their personal and professional lives. In this study, a zero-watermarking method is proposed and implemented to protect the identity of patients who suffer from vocal fold disorders. In the proposed method, an image for a patient's identity is generated and inserted into secret keys instead of a host medical signal. Consequently, imperceptibility is naturally achieved. The locations for the insertion of the watermark are determined by a computation of local binary patterns from the time–frequency spectrum. The spectrum is calculated for low frequencies such that it may not be affected by noise attacks. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method has good performance and robustness against noise, and it is reliable in the recovery of an individual's identity. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.