A systematic review of effort-reward imbalance among health workers
- Nguyen, Huy, Le, Ma, Nguyen, Thanh, Ngoc, Dung, Ngoc, Anh, Nguyen, Phuong
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Le, Ma , Nguyen, Thanh , Ngoc, Dung , Ngoc, Anh , Nguyen, Phuong
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 3 (2018), p. e674-e695
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- Description: The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort-reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort-reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Le, Ma , Nguyen, Thanh , Ngoc, Dung , Ngoc, Anh , Nguyen, Phuong
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 3 (2018), p. e674-e695
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort-reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort-reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with job satisfaction among district hospital health workers in Northern Vietnam : a cross-sectional study
- Nguyen, Huy, Duong, Huong, Vu, Toan
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Duong, Huong , Vu, Toan
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 32, no. 2 (2017), p. 163-179
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- Description: Background: In many developing countries, including Vietnam, little is known about job satisfaction among lower level-health staff. The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction and its determinants among district hospital health staff. Methods: In a cross-sectional quantitative study, 128 health staff from a rural district hospital in Northern Vietnam were approached for data collection. Regression techniques were adopted to assess factors associated with several types of job satisfaction. Results: Overall job satisfaction was moderately high, ranging from 69% to 91%. Across all dimensions, health workers showed their highest satisfaction with co-worker relationships, while, in comparison, it was much lower for their supervisor's style and relationship. However, they claimed their lowest satisfaction with compensation and benefits. In final multivariate models, females and those satisfied with knowledge, skills and job performance were most likely to be satisfied with relationships with co-workers. Staff who were married, received a low pay, who were not satisfied with supervisor style and relationships and who were not satisfied with staff training, development opportunities were least likely to be satisfied with compensation and benefits. Conclusions: The study findings highlight an important need for designing an intervention program that considers organizational factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Duong, Huong , Vu, Toan
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 32, no. 2 (2017), p. 163-179
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- Description: Background: In many developing countries, including Vietnam, little is known about job satisfaction among lower level-health staff. The purpose of this study was to assess job satisfaction and its determinants among district hospital health staff. Methods: In a cross-sectional quantitative study, 128 health staff from a rural district hospital in Northern Vietnam were approached for data collection. Regression techniques were adopted to assess factors associated with several types of job satisfaction. Results: Overall job satisfaction was moderately high, ranging from 69% to 91%. Across all dimensions, health workers showed their highest satisfaction with co-worker relationships, while, in comparison, it was much lower for their supervisor's style and relationship. However, they claimed their lowest satisfaction with compensation and benefits. In final multivariate models, females and those satisfied with knowledge, skills and job performance were most likely to be satisfied with relationships with co-workers. Staff who were married, received a low pay, who were not satisfied with supervisor style and relationships and who were not satisfied with staff training, development opportunities were least likely to be satisfied with compensation and benefits. Conclusions: The study findings highlight an important need for designing an intervention program that considers organizational factors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient satisfaction with health care services at a National Institute of Ophthalmology
- Nguyen, Huy, Dung, Nguyen, Thang, Cao, Hanh, Le
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Dung, Nguyen , Thang, Cao , Hanh, Le
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. e251-e262
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- Description: Little is known about how patients in developing countries, such as Vietnam, are satisfied with eye care services. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction with health services and its associated factors among patients attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam. In a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative methods, 500 inpatients and their relatives attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam were approached for data collection. The results indicated that under 50% of the patients were satisfied with eye care services. However, when classified by level of satisfaction, only 6.8% were very satisfied with all domains of care. There was no significant difference in satisfaction by gender and income, while significant differences by department, residence, and education were found. Patients who were from rural areas, were better educated, and used the services of the glaucoma department, were more satisfied with eye care than those from urban areas, were less educated, and used the services of treatment-on-demand department. Multivariable regression detected 2 main factors, gender and location, associated with patient satisfaction. Patients who were female and came from rural and remote areas were more likely to be satisfied than patients who were male and living in urban areas. The study suggests that to continue to improve health care quality, it is important to eliminate differences in providing eye care services regardless of whether patients are male or female, and whether they come from a rural or urban area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Dung, Nguyen , Thang, Cao , Hanh, Le
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. e251-e262
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Little is known about how patients in developing countries, such as Vietnam, are satisfied with eye care services. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction with health services and its associated factors among patients attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam. In a cross-sectional study utilizing quantitative methods, 500 inpatients and their relatives attending a national institute of ophthalmology in Vietnam were approached for data collection. The results indicated that under 50% of the patients were satisfied with eye care services. However, when classified by level of satisfaction, only 6.8% were very satisfied with all domains of care. There was no significant difference in satisfaction by gender and income, while significant differences by department, residence, and education were found. Patients who were from rural areas, were better educated, and used the services of the glaucoma department, were more satisfied with eye care than those from urban areas, were less educated, and used the services of treatment-on-demand department. Multivariable regression detected 2 main factors, gender and location, associated with patient satisfaction. Patients who were female and came from rural and remote areas were more likely to be satisfied than patients who were male and living in urban areas. The study suggests that to continue to improve health care quality, it is important to eliminate differences in providing eye care services regardless of whether patients are male or female, and whether they come from a rural or urban area. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The roles of, activities of, and competencies for, community nursing services in rural Vietnam: Implications for policy decisions
- Nguyen, Huy, Bang, Kyung, Xuan, Hoang, Thang, Cao, Thanh, Nguyen
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Bang, Kyung , Xuan, Hoang , Thang, Cao , Thanh, Nguyen
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 4 (2018), p. e1147-e1159
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- Description: Community health workforce plays a vital role in providing primary health care services as per the needs of residents; however, few studies have examined how nurses work within commune health centers (CHCs). Using qualitative methods including interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, this study explores the roles, activities, and competencies required of community nursing services in rural districts within Vietnam. Two primary roles were identified: CHC nursing and family nursing. For the latter, in addition to providing people with general health care and health communication, they were expected to also deliver psychological care. CHC nursing fulfilled more roles and required four specific competencies: clinical care, communication, management, and planning/coordination activities. Despite these various roles serving people within a community, few ongoing efforts at either the local or national level are aimed at supporting these nurses. The study highlights the need for policy decisions via either developing a new job position policy or adapting the existing policy by integrating new roles into the existing positions of CHC nurses in Vietnam. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Nguyen Huy" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Bang, Kyung , Xuan, Hoang , Thang, Cao , Thanh, Nguyen
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 4 (2018), p. e1147-e1159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Community health workforce plays a vital role in providing primary health care services as per the needs of residents; however, few studies have examined how nurses work within commune health centers (CHCs). Using qualitative methods including interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders, this study explores the roles, activities, and competencies required of community nursing services in rural districts within Vietnam. Two primary roles were identified: CHC nursing and family nursing. For the latter, in addition to providing people with general health care and health communication, they were expected to also deliver psychological care. CHC nursing fulfilled more roles and required four specific competencies: clinical care, communication, management, and planning/coordination activities. Despite these various roles serving people within a community, few ongoing efforts at either the local or national level are aimed at supporting these nurses. The study highlights the need for policy decisions via either developing a new job position policy or adapting the existing policy by integrating new roles into the existing positions of CHC nurses in Vietnam. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Nguyen Huy" is provided in this record**
Vietnam’s healthcare system decentralization : how well does it respond to global health crises such as COVID-19 pandemic?
- Nguyen, Huy, Debattista, Joseph, Pham, Minh, Dao, An, Gilmour, Stuart
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Debattista, Joseph , Pham, Minh , Dao, An , Gilmour, Stuart
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management Vol. 16, no. 1 (2021), p.
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- Description: This article discussed Vietnam’s ongoing efforts to decentralize the health system and its fitness to respond to global health crises as presented through the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a general review and expert’s perspective to explore the topic. We found that the healthcare system in Vietnam continued to decentralize from a pyramid to a wheel model. This system shifts away from a stratified technical hierarchy of higher- and lower-level health units (pyramid model) to a system in which quality healthcare is equally expected among all health units (wheel model). This decentralization has delivered more quality healthcare facilities, greater freedom for patients to choose services at any level, a more competitive environment among hospitals to improve quality, and reductions in excess capacity burden at higher levels. It has also enabled the transformation from a patient-based traditional healthcare model into a patient-centered care system. However, this decentralization takes time and requires long-term political, financial commitment, and a working partnership among key stakeholders. This perspective provides Vietnam’s experience of the decentralization of the healthcare system that may be consider as a useful example for other countries to strategically think of and to shape their future system within their own socio-political context. Copyright © 2020 Via Medica
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Debattista, Joseph , Pham, Minh , Dao, An , Gilmour, Stuart
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management Vol. 16, no. 1 (2021), p.
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- Description: This article discussed Vietnam’s ongoing efforts to decentralize the health system and its fitness to respond to global health crises as presented through the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a general review and expert’s perspective to explore the topic. We found that the healthcare system in Vietnam continued to decentralize from a pyramid to a wheel model. This system shifts away from a stratified technical hierarchy of higher- and lower-level health units (pyramid model) to a system in which quality healthcare is equally expected among all health units (wheel model). This decentralization has delivered more quality healthcare facilities, greater freedom for patients to choose services at any level, a more competitive environment among hospitals to improve quality, and reductions in excess capacity burden at higher levels. It has also enabled the transformation from a patient-based traditional healthcare model into a patient-centered care system. However, this decentralization takes time and requires long-term political, financial commitment, and a working partnership among key stakeholders. This perspective provides Vietnam’s experience of the decentralization of the healthcare system that may be consider as a useful example for other countries to strategically think of and to shape their future system within their own socio-political context. Copyright © 2020 Via Medica
WHO's service availability and readiness assessment of primary health care services of commune health centers in a rural district of Northern Vietnam
- Nguyen, Huy, Nam, Yo-Seon, Van Thanh, Nguyen, Tuan, Ngo, Ha, Nguyen, Hoat, Luu, Hoang, Nguyen, Hoa, Do
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Nam, Yo-Seon , Van Thanh, Nguyen , Tuan, Ngo , Ha, Nguyen , Hoat, Luu , Hoang, Nguyen , Hoa, Do
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. 202-211
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- Description: The objective of this study was to assess the availability and readiness of the primary health care (PHC) services of commune health centers (CHCs) in Quoc Oai, a rural district of Northern Vietnam based on the World Health Organization's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool. The study was done in 2 steps. First, the heads of the 21 CHCs of Quoc Oai district were interviewed using SARA, a quantitative survey, and the responses were then validated by direct observations of each facility. The results showed that although the average number of health staffs in each CHC met the national standards (at least 5 staffs per CHC), its allocation within each CHC was not properly met because some CHCs had only 2 health staffs. Several health equipment and facilities were not fully available in many CHCs, and although the majority of the PHC services were available at the CHCs, their readiness remained limited. Several significant correlates between the availability of health care workers and the availability of the facilities and the PHC services were observed, suggesting that they depend upon and affect one another in the health system. Using the SARA-based inventory, the study helps health managers and policy makers to prioritize efforts and allocate resources more appropriately. To be effective, attention should be given to how to make facilities, services, and human resources for health ready for PHC activities—more investment and support from the system (from higher to lower level) and the government. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Nam, Yo-Seon , Van Thanh, Nguyen , Tuan, Ngo , Ha, Nguyen , Hoat, Luu , Hoang, Nguyen , Hoa, Do
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Health Planning and Management Vol. 33, no. 1 (2018), p. 202-211
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of this study was to assess the availability and readiness of the primary health care (PHC) services of commune health centers (CHCs) in Quoc Oai, a rural district of Northern Vietnam based on the World Health Organization's Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool. The study was done in 2 steps. First, the heads of the 21 CHCs of Quoc Oai district were interviewed using SARA, a quantitative survey, and the responses were then validated by direct observations of each facility. The results showed that although the average number of health staffs in each CHC met the national standards (at least 5 staffs per CHC), its allocation within each CHC was not properly met because some CHCs had only 2 health staffs. Several health equipment and facilities were not fully available in many CHCs, and although the majority of the PHC services were available at the CHCs, their readiness remained limited. Several significant correlates between the availability of health care workers and the availability of the facilities and the PHC services were observed, suggesting that they depend upon and affect one another in the health system. Using the SARA-based inventory, the study helps health managers and policy makers to prioritize efforts and allocate resources more appropriately. To be effective, attention should be given to how to make facilities, services, and human resources for health ready for PHC activities—more investment and support from the system (from higher to lower level) and the government. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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