- Title
- Monotreme glucagon-like peptide-1 in venom and gut : One gene - Two very different functions
- Creator
- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal; He, Chuan; Myers, Mark; Andrikopoulos, Sof; Wong, Nicole; Sexton, Patrick; Wootten, Denise; Forbes, Briony; Grutzner, Frank
- Date
- 2016
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154191
- Identifier
- vital:11080
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37744
- Identifier
- ISSN:20452322
- Abstract
- The importance of Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) for metabolic control and insulin release sparked the evolution of genes mimicking GLP-1 action in venomous species (e.g. Exendin-4 in Heloderma suspectum (gila monster)). We discovered that platypus and echidna express a single GLP-1 peptide in both intestine and venom. Specific changes in GLP-1 of monotreme mammals result in resistance to DPP-4 cleavage which is also observed in the GLP-1 like Exendin-4 expressed in Heloderma venom. Remarkably we discovered that monotremes evolved an alternative mechanism to degrade GLP-1. We also show that monotreme GLP-1 stimulates insulin release in cultured rodent islets, but surprisingly shows low receptor affinity and bias toward Erk signaling. We propose that these changes in monotreme GLP-1 are the result of conflicting function of this peptide in metabolic control and venom. This evolutionary path is fundamentally different from the generally accepted idea that conflicting functions in a single gene favour duplication and diversification, as is the case for Exendin-4 in gila monster. This provides novel insight into the remarkably different metabolic control mechanism and venom function in monotremes and an unique example of how different selective pressures act upon a single gene in the absence of gene duplication. © The Author(s) 2016.
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group
- Relation
- Scientific Reports Vol. 6, no. (2016), p. 1-12
- Rights
- Copyright © The Author(s) 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Open Access
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- Monotreme; Glucagon like peptide 1(GLP-1); Metabolic control; Insulin release; Venom
- Full Text
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