Oxygen uptake in maximal effort constant rate and interval running
- Pratt, Daniel, O'Brien, Brendan, Clark, Bradley
- Authors: Pratt, Daniel , O'Brien, Brendan , Clark, Bradley
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2013, no. (2013), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study investigated differences in average V̇O2 of maximal effort interval running to maximal effort constant rate running at lactate threshold matched for time. The average V̇O2 and distance covered of 10 recreational male runners (V̇O2 max: 4158 ± 390 mL·min-1) were compared between a maximal effort constant-rate run at lactate threshold (CRLT), a maximal effort interval run (INT) consisting of 2 min at V̇O2 max speed with 2 minutes at 50% of V̇O2 repeated 5 times, and a run at the average speed sustained during the interval run (CR submax). Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals. The average V̇O2 for INT, 3451 (3269-3633) mL·min-1, 83% V̇O2 max, was not significantly different to CRLT, 3464 (3285-3643) mL·min-1, 84% V̇O2 max, but both were significantly higher than CR sub-max, 3464 (3285-3643) mL·min -1, 76% V̇O2 max. The distance covered was significantly greater in CLRT, 4431 (4202-3731) metres, compared to INT and CR sub-max, 4070 (3831-4309) metres. The novel finding was that a 20-minute maximal effort constant rate run uses similar amounts of oxygen as a 20-minute maximal effort interval run despite the greater distance covered in the maximal effort constant-rate run. © 2013 Daniel Pratt et al.
- Description: C1
- Authors: Pratt, Daniel , O'Brien, Brendan , Clark, Bradley
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2013, no. (2013), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study investigated differences in average V̇O2 of maximal effort interval running to maximal effort constant rate running at lactate threshold matched for time. The average V̇O2 and distance covered of 10 recreational male runners (V̇O2 max: 4158 ± 390 mL·min-1) were compared between a maximal effort constant-rate run at lactate threshold (CRLT), a maximal effort interval run (INT) consisting of 2 min at V̇O2 max speed with 2 minutes at 50% of V̇O2 repeated 5 times, and a run at the average speed sustained during the interval run (CR submax). Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals. The average V̇O2 for INT, 3451 (3269-3633) mL·min-1, 83% V̇O2 max, was not significantly different to CRLT, 3464 (3285-3643) mL·min-1, 84% V̇O2 max, but both were significantly higher than CR sub-max, 3464 (3285-3643) mL·min -1, 76% V̇O2 max. The distance covered was significantly greater in CLRT, 4431 (4202-3731) metres, compared to INT and CR sub-max, 4070 (3831-4309) metres. The novel finding was that a 20-minute maximal effort constant rate run uses similar amounts of oxygen as a 20-minute maximal effort interval run despite the greater distance covered in the maximal effort constant-rate run. © 2013 Daniel Pratt et al.
- Description: C1
Effects of a seven day overload-period of high-intensity training on performance and physiology of competitive cyclists
- Clark, Bradley, Costa, Vitor, O'Brien, Brendan, Guglielmo, Luiz, Paton, Carl
- Authors: Clark, Bradley , Costa, Vitor , O'Brien, Brendan , Guglielmo, Luiz , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 9, no. 12 (2014), p. art no. e115308
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Abstract Objectives Competitive endurance athletes commonly undertake periods of overload training in the weeks prior to major competitions. This investigation examined the effects of two seven-day high-intensity overload training regimes (HIT) on performance and physiological characteristics of competitive cyclists. Design The study was a matched groups, controlled trial. Methods Twenty-eight male cyclists (mean ± SD, Age: 33±10 years, Mass 74±7 kg, VO2 peak 4.7±0.5 L·min−1) were assigned to a control group or one of two training groups for seven consecutive days of HIT. Before and after training cyclists completed an ergometer based incremental exercise test and a 20-km time-trial. The HIT sessions were ~120 minutes in duration and consisted of matched volumes of 5, 10 and 20 second (short) or 15, 30 and 45 second (long) maximal intensity efforts. Results Both the short and long HIT regimes led to significant (p<0.05) gains in time trial performance compared to the control group. Relative to the control group, the mean changes (±90% confidence limits) in time-trial power were 8.2%±3.8% and 10.4%±4.3% for the short and long HIT regimes respectively; corresponding increases in peak power in the incremental test were 5.5%±2.7% and 9.5%±2.5%. Both HIT (short vs long) interventions led to non-significant (p>0.05) increases (mean ± SD) in VO2 peak (2.3%±4.7% vs 3.5%±6.2%), lactate threshold power (3.6%±3.5% vs 2.9%±5.3%) and gross efficiency (3.2%±2.4% vs 5.1%±3.9%) with only small differences between HIT regimes. Conclusions Seven days of overload HIT induces substantial enhancements in time-trial performance despite non-significant increases in physiological measures with competitive cyclists
- Authors: Clark, Bradley , Costa, Vitor , O'Brien, Brendan , Guglielmo, Luiz , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 9, no. 12 (2014), p. art no. e115308
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Abstract Objectives Competitive endurance athletes commonly undertake periods of overload training in the weeks prior to major competitions. This investigation examined the effects of two seven-day high-intensity overload training regimes (HIT) on performance and physiological characteristics of competitive cyclists. Design The study was a matched groups, controlled trial. Methods Twenty-eight male cyclists (mean ± SD, Age: 33±10 years, Mass 74±7 kg, VO2 peak 4.7±0.5 L·min−1) were assigned to a control group or one of two training groups for seven consecutive days of HIT. Before and after training cyclists completed an ergometer based incremental exercise test and a 20-km time-trial. The HIT sessions were ~120 minutes in duration and consisted of matched volumes of 5, 10 and 20 second (short) or 15, 30 and 45 second (long) maximal intensity efforts. Results Both the short and long HIT regimes led to significant (p<0.05) gains in time trial performance compared to the control group. Relative to the control group, the mean changes (±90% confidence limits) in time-trial power were 8.2%±3.8% and 10.4%±4.3% for the short and long HIT regimes respectively; corresponding increases in peak power in the incremental test were 5.5%±2.7% and 9.5%±2.5%. Both HIT (short vs long) interventions led to non-significant (p>0.05) increases (mean ± SD) in VO2 peak (2.3%±4.7% vs 3.5%±6.2%), lactate threshold power (3.6%±3.5% vs 2.9%±5.3%) and gross efficiency (3.2%±2.4% vs 5.1%±3.9%) with only small differences between HIT regimes. Conclusions Seven days of overload HIT induces substantial enhancements in time-trial performance despite non-significant increases in physiological measures with competitive cyclists
The physiology of road cycling : New testing and training methodologies for competitive cyclists
- Authors: Clark, Bradley
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Objective: The objective of this project is to describe and test the efficacy of new testing and training techniques for competitive cyclists. Methods: Physiological variables and cycling performance were measured during a graded exercise test (GXT) and a novel, computer-simulated, variable gradient 20-km cycling time-trial. Initially, data collected from the time-trial and GXT were used to establish the reliability of the time-trial, determine the laboratory correlates of hilly cycling performance and examine the pacing pattern during hilly cycling performance. Then, results from a series of GXT’s and time-trials were used to establish the effects of a brief period of overload training on the physiology and performance of competitive cyclists. Results: Power output and performance time measured during a computer simulated 20-km variable gradient cycling test were reliable, however reliability diminished with increasing time between trials. Performance in variable gradient time-trial correlated strongly with absolute measures of physiological variables; however the strength of correlations increased when variables were measured relative to body mass. Power output was highest during the first four and last two kilometres of a variable gradient time-trial. Additionally, there were large differences in power output between consecutive one kilometre segments throughout the trial, particularly when the difference in gradient between segments was greater. Performance in the variable gradient time-trial improved substantially following a brief period of overload training. Performance improvement corresponded with adaptation in important physiological determinants of cycling performance, namely maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold and gross efficiency. Conclusions: Variable gradient, cycling time-trial tests can be used to detect meaningful changes in performance, evoke dynamic distribution of power output and are best suited to cyclists who produce high power outputs relative to body mass. The current project also determined that a brief period of overload training induces physiological adaptation and substantial improvement in cycling performance in competitive cyclists. Sport scientists, coaches and cyclists can use this information to determine the testing and training techniques used in preparation for competition.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Clark, Bradley
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Objective: The objective of this project is to describe and test the efficacy of new testing and training techniques for competitive cyclists. Methods: Physiological variables and cycling performance were measured during a graded exercise test (GXT) and a novel, computer-simulated, variable gradient 20-km cycling time-trial. Initially, data collected from the time-trial and GXT were used to establish the reliability of the time-trial, determine the laboratory correlates of hilly cycling performance and examine the pacing pattern during hilly cycling performance. Then, results from a series of GXT’s and time-trials were used to establish the effects of a brief period of overload training on the physiology and performance of competitive cyclists. Results: Power output and performance time measured during a computer simulated 20-km variable gradient cycling test were reliable, however reliability diminished with increasing time between trials. Performance in variable gradient time-trial correlated strongly with absolute measures of physiological variables; however the strength of correlations increased when variables were measured relative to body mass. Power output was highest during the first four and last two kilometres of a variable gradient time-trial. Additionally, there were large differences in power output between consecutive one kilometre segments throughout the trial, particularly when the difference in gradient between segments was greater. Performance in the variable gradient time-trial improved substantially following a brief period of overload training. Performance improvement corresponded with adaptation in important physiological determinants of cycling performance, namely maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold and gross efficiency. Conclusions: Variable gradient, cycling time-trial tests can be used to detect meaningful changes in performance, evoke dynamic distribution of power output and are best suited to cyclists who produce high power outputs relative to body mass. The current project also determined that a brief period of overload training induces physiological adaptation and substantial improvement in cycling performance in competitive cyclists. Sport scientists, coaches and cyclists can use this information to determine the testing and training techniques used in preparation for competition.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
The reliability of performance during computer-simulated varying gradient cycling time trials
- Clark, Bradley, Paton, Carl, O'Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Clark, Bradley , Paton, Carl , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Cycling Vol. 3, no. 3 (2014), p. 29-33
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ergometer based time trials are commonly used to assess performance changes due to training or other interventions. This investigation establishes the reliability of a novel computer simulated cycling time trial. Nineteen cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 years, mass 73 ± 11 kg, height 178 ± 5 cm) completed four time trials over a 20-km course which included numerous changes in gradient. The time trials were completed over a 4-week period in order to establish both short and long-term reliability. Performance time (mean ± SD) for trials one to four was 2265 ± 149 s, 2252 ± 153 s, 2236 ± 146 s and 2240 ± 154 s respectively; the corresponding power output for consecutive trials was 293 ± 35 W, 297 ± 36 W, 299 ± 35 W and 299 ± 35 W. The coefficient of variation (± 90% confidence limits) of performance for trials separated by 7, 14, 21 and 28 days was 1.1% (0.8% – 1.5%), 1.3% (1.1% – 1.9%), 1.3% (1.1% – 1.9%) and 1.5% (1.1% – 2.1%) respectively for time; the corresponding values for power output were 2.0% (1.5% – 2.7%), 2.3% (1.8% – 3.2%), 2.6% (2.0% – 3.6%) and 3.2% (2.5% – 4.5%). Further analysis based on rider ability indicated slower riders were less reliable than faster riders by a factor of ~1.1. Reliability of time trial performance diminishes with increasing time between trials. Additionally, faster riders show better reliability than slower riders over time. Researchers should consider the effect of time between trials and athlete ability when making conclusions about intervention effectiveness.
- Authors: Clark, Bradley , Paton, Carl , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Cycling Vol. 3, no. 3 (2014), p. 29-33
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ergometer based time trials are commonly used to assess performance changes due to training or other interventions. This investigation establishes the reliability of a novel computer simulated cycling time trial. Nineteen cyclists (age: 32 ± 12 years, mass 73 ± 11 kg, height 178 ± 5 cm) completed four time trials over a 20-km course which included numerous changes in gradient. The time trials were completed over a 4-week period in order to establish both short and long-term reliability. Performance time (mean ± SD) for trials one to four was 2265 ± 149 s, 2252 ± 153 s, 2236 ± 146 s and 2240 ± 154 s respectively; the corresponding power output for consecutive trials was 293 ± 35 W, 297 ± 36 W, 299 ± 35 W and 299 ± 35 W. The coefficient of variation (± 90% confidence limits) of performance for trials separated by 7, 14, 21 and 28 days was 1.1% (0.8% – 1.5%), 1.3% (1.1% – 1.9%), 1.3% (1.1% – 1.9%) and 1.5% (1.1% – 2.1%) respectively for time; the corresponding values for power output were 2.0% (1.5% – 2.7%), 2.3% (1.8% – 3.2%), 2.6% (2.0% – 3.6%) and 3.2% (2.5% – 4.5%). Further analysis based on rider ability indicated slower riders were less reliable than faster riders by a factor of ~1.1. Reliability of time trial performance diminishes with increasing time between trials. Additionally, faster riders show better reliability than slower riders over time. Researchers should consider the effect of time between trials and athlete ability when making conclusions about intervention effectiveness.
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »