Efficient anomaly recognition using surveillance videos
- Saleem, Gulshan, Bajwa, Usama, Raza, Rana, Alqahtani, Fayez, Tolba, Amr, Xia, Feng
- Authors: Saleem, Gulshan , Bajwa, Usama , Raza, Rana , Alqahtani, Fayez , Tolba, Amr , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PeerJ Computer Science Vol. 8, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Smart surveillance is a difficult task that is gaining popularity due to its direct link to human safety. Today, many indoor and outdoor surveillance systems are in use at public places and smart cities. Because these systems are expensive to deploy, these are out of reach for the vast majority of the public and private sectors. Due to the lack of a precise definition of an anomaly, automated surveillance is a challenging task, especially when large amounts of data, such as 24/7 CCTV footage, must be processed. When implementing such systems in real-time environments, the high computational resource requirements for automated surveillance becomes a major bottleneck. Another challenge is to recognize anomalies accurately as achieving high accuracy while reducing computational cost is more challenging. To address these challenge, this research is based on the developing a system that is both efficient and cost effective. Although 3D convolutional neural networks have proven to be accurate, they are prohibitively expensive for practical use, particularly in real-time surveillance. In this article, we present two contributions: a resource-efficient framework for anomaly recognition problems and two-class and multi-class anomaly recognition on spatially augmented surveillance videos. This research aims to address the problem of computation overhead while maintaining recognition accuracy. The proposed Temporal based Anomaly Recognizer (TAR) framework combines a partial shift strategy with a 2D convolutional architecture-based model, namely MobileNetV2. Extensive experiments were carried out to evaluate the model's performance on the UCF Crime dataset, with MobileNetV2 as the baseline architecture; it achieved an accuracy of 88% which is 2.47% increased performance than available state-of-the-art. The proposed framework achieves 52.7% accuracy for multiclass anomaly recognition on the UCF Crime2Local dataset. The proposed model has been tested in real-time camera stream settings and can handle six streams simultaneously without the need for additional resources. © Copyright 2022 Saleem et al.
- Authors: Saleem, Gulshan , Bajwa, Usama , Raza, Rana , Alqahtani, Fayez , Tolba, Amr , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PeerJ Computer Science Vol. 8, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Smart surveillance is a difficult task that is gaining popularity due to its direct link to human safety. Today, many indoor and outdoor surveillance systems are in use at public places and smart cities. Because these systems are expensive to deploy, these are out of reach for the vast majority of the public and private sectors. Due to the lack of a precise definition of an anomaly, automated surveillance is a challenging task, especially when large amounts of data, such as 24/7 CCTV footage, must be processed. When implementing such systems in real-time environments, the high computational resource requirements for automated surveillance becomes a major bottleneck. Another challenge is to recognize anomalies accurately as achieving high accuracy while reducing computational cost is more challenging. To address these challenge, this research is based on the developing a system that is both efficient and cost effective. Although 3D convolutional neural networks have proven to be accurate, they are prohibitively expensive for practical use, particularly in real-time surveillance. In this article, we present two contributions: a resource-efficient framework for anomaly recognition problems and two-class and multi-class anomaly recognition on spatially augmented surveillance videos. This research aims to address the problem of computation overhead while maintaining recognition accuracy. The proposed Temporal based Anomaly Recognizer (TAR) framework combines a partial shift strategy with a 2D convolutional architecture-based model, namely MobileNetV2. Extensive experiments were carried out to evaluate the model's performance on the UCF Crime dataset, with MobileNetV2 as the baseline architecture; it achieved an accuracy of 88% which is 2.47% increased performance than available state-of-the-art. The proposed framework achieves 52.7% accuracy for multiclass anomaly recognition on the UCF Crime2Local dataset. The proposed model has been tested in real-time camera stream settings and can handle six streams simultaneously without the need for additional resources. © Copyright 2022 Saleem et al.
Information technology and organizational learning interplay : A survey
- Malik, Saleem, Chetty, Madhu, Chadhar, Mehmood
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chetty, Madhu , Chadhar, Mehmood
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS 2018); Sydney, Australia; 3rd December 2018 p. 1-11
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- Description: The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the evolutionary trends in the research domain of information technology and organizational learning. Having surveyed various journals and key conferences between 2000 and 2018 on the topic, we observe that information technology (IT) has expanded from its general form to various contemporary information systems, e.g. knowledge organization systems, communication and collaborative systems and decision support systems. However, organization learning (OL) now essentially occurs through knowledge management activities, e.g. knowledge acquisition, storing, sharing and application of knowledge. The survey reported here not only validates the interplay of IT and OL but also reveals some important intervening factors between IT and OL, e.g. absorptive capacity, organization culture, user trust, acceptance and satisfaction that work as deterministic elements in the reciprocal relationship of IT and OL. We propose future research to explore interaction between big data analytical systems and organizational learning.
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chetty, Madhu , Chadhar, Mehmood
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS 2018); Sydney, Australia; 3rd December 2018 p. 1-11
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the evolutionary trends in the research domain of information technology and organizational learning. Having surveyed various journals and key conferences between 2000 and 2018 on the topic, we observe that information technology (IT) has expanded from its general form to various contemporary information systems, e.g. knowledge organization systems, communication and collaborative systems and decision support systems. However, organization learning (OL) now essentially occurs through knowledge management activities, e.g. knowledge acquisition, storing, sharing and application of knowledge. The survey reported here not only validates the interplay of IT and OL but also reveals some important intervening factors between IT and OL, e.g. absorptive capacity, organization culture, user trust, acceptance and satisfaction that work as deterministic elements in the reciprocal relationship of IT and OL. We propose future research to explore interaction between big data analytical systems and organizational learning.
Adoption of blockchain technology : exploring the factors affecting organizational decision
- Malik, Saleem, Chadhar, Mehmood, Chetty, Madhu, Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain (BCT) is an emerging technology that promises many benefits for organizations, for instance, disintermediation, data security, data transparency, a single version of the truth, and trust among trading partners. Despite its multiple benefits, the adoption rate of BCT among organizations has not reached a significantly high level worldwide, thus requiring further research in this space. The present study addresses this issue in the Australian context. There is a knowledge gap in what specific factors, among the plethora of factors reported in the extant literature, affect the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. To fill this gap, the study uses the qualitative interpretative research approach along with the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework as a theoretical lens. The data was mainly drawn from the literature review and semi-structured interviews of the decision-makers and senior IT people from the BCT adopter and potential adopter organizations in Australia. According to the findings, perceived information transparency, perceived risks, organization innovativeness, organization learning capability, standards uncertainty, and competition intensity influence organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. These factors are exclusively identified in this study. The study also validates the influence of perceived benefits and perceived compatibility on BCT adoption that are reported in the past studies. Practically, these findings are helpful for the Australian government and public and private organizations to develop better policies and make informed decisions for the organizational adoption of BCT. The findings would guide decision-makers to think about the adoption of BCT strategically. The study also has theoretical implications explained in the discussion section. © 2022 Saleem Malik et al.
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2022, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain (BCT) is an emerging technology that promises many benefits for organizations, for instance, disintermediation, data security, data transparency, a single version of the truth, and trust among trading partners. Despite its multiple benefits, the adoption rate of BCT among organizations has not reached a significantly high level worldwide, thus requiring further research in this space. The present study addresses this issue in the Australian context. There is a knowledge gap in what specific factors, among the plethora of factors reported in the extant literature, affect the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. To fill this gap, the study uses the qualitative interpretative research approach along with the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework as a theoretical lens. The data was mainly drawn from the literature review and semi-structured interviews of the decision-makers and senior IT people from the BCT adopter and potential adopter organizations in Australia. According to the findings, perceived information transparency, perceived risks, organization innovativeness, organization learning capability, standards uncertainty, and competition intensity influence organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. These factors are exclusively identified in this study. The study also validates the influence of perceived benefits and perceived compatibility on BCT adoption that are reported in the past studies. Practically, these findings are helpful for the Australian government and public and private organizations to develop better policies and make informed decisions for the organizational adoption of BCT. The findings would guide decision-makers to think about the adoption of BCT strategically. The study also has theoretical implications explained in the discussion section. © 2022 Saleem Malik et al.
A critical analysis of mobility management related issues of wireless sensor networks in cyber physical systems
- Al-Muhtadi, Jalal, Qiang, Ma, Zeb, Khan, Chaudhry, Junaid, Imran, Muhammad
- Authors: Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Qiang, Ma , Zeb, Khan , Chaudhry, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 16363-16376
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- Description: Mobility management has been a long-standing issue in mobile wireless sensor networks and especially in the context of cyber physical systems its implications are immense. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current approaches to mobility management by evaluating them against a set of criteria which are essentially inherent characteristics of such systems on which these approaches are expected to provide acceptable performance. We summarize these characteristics by using a quadruple set of metrics. Additionally, using this set we classify the various approaches to mobility management that are discussed in this paper. Finally, the paper concludes by reviewing the main findings and providing suggestions that will be helpful to guide future research efforts in the area. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Qiang, Ma , Zeb, Khan , Chaudhry, Junaid , Imran, Muhammad
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 16363-16376
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mobility management has been a long-standing issue in mobile wireless sensor networks and especially in the context of cyber physical systems its implications are immense. This paper presents a critical analysis of the current approaches to mobility management by evaluating them against a set of criteria which are essentially inherent characteristics of such systems on which these approaches are expected to provide acceptable performance. We summarize these characteristics by using a quadruple set of metrics. Additionally, using this set we classify the various approaches to mobility management that are discussed in this paper. Finally, the paper concludes by reviewing the main findings and providing suggestions that will be helpful to guide future research efforts in the area. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Imran” is provided in this record**
An approach to map geography mark-up language data to resource description framework schema
- Faqir, Ammara, Mahmood, Aqsa, Qazi, Kiran, Malik, Saleem
- Authors: Faqir, Ammara , Mahmood, Aqsa , Qazi, Kiran , Malik, Saleem
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Applications, INTAP 2019 Vol. 1198, p. 343-354
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: GML serves as premier modeling language used to represent data of geographic information related to geography locations. However, a problem of GML is its ability to integrate with a variety of geographical and GPS applications. Since, GML saves data in coordinates and in topology for the purpose to integrate data with variety of applications on semantic web, data be mapped to Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS). An approach of mapping GML metadata to RDFS is presented in this paper. This study focuses on the methodology to convert GML data in semantics to represent in extended and enriched form such as RDFS as representation in RDF is not sufficient over semantic web. Firstly, we have GML script from case study and parse it using GML parser and get XML file. XML file parse using Java and get text file to extract GML features and then get a graph form of these features. After that we designed methodology of prototype tool to map GML features to RDFS. Tool performed features by features mapping and extracted results are represented in the tabular form of mapping GML metadata to RDFS. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
- Description: E1
- Authors: Faqir, Ammara , Mahmood, Aqsa , Qazi, Kiran , Malik, Saleem
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Applications, INTAP 2019 Vol. 1198, p. 343-354
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: GML serves as premier modeling language used to represent data of geographic information related to geography locations. However, a problem of GML is its ability to integrate with a variety of geographical and GPS applications. Since, GML saves data in coordinates and in topology for the purpose to integrate data with variety of applications on semantic web, data be mapped to Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS). An approach of mapping GML metadata to RDFS is presented in this paper. This study focuses on the methodology to convert GML data in semantics to represent in extended and enriched form such as RDFS as representation in RDF is not sufficient over semantic web. Firstly, we have GML script from case study and parse it using GML parser and get XML file. XML file parse using Java and get text file to extract GML features and then get a graph form of these features. After that we designed methodology of prototype tool to map GML features to RDFS. Tool performed features by features mapping and extracted results are represented in the tabular form of mapping GML metadata to RDFS. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
- Description: E1
Factors affecting the organisational adoption of blockchain technology in australia : a mixed-methods approach
- Authors: Malik, Muhammad Saleem
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Blockchain (BCT) is an emerging technology that promises many benefits for organisations, such as disintermediation, data security, data transparency, a single version of the truth, and trust among trading partners. Despite its multiple benefits, the adoption rate of BCT among organisations has not reached a significantly high level worldwide. The present thesis addresses this issue in the Australian context. There is a knowledge gap in what specific factors, among the plethora of factors reported in the extant scholarly and commercial literature, affect Australian organisations while deciding to adopt BCT. To fill this gap, this thesis uses a mixed-methods approach known as sequential exploratory mixed methods. In this approach, the research starts with a qualitative phase as an initial phase followed by a quantitative phase. During the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews of the BCT experts and decision-makers working with the ifferent Australian organisations that adopted or were in the process of adopting BCT. The Technology, Organisation, Environment (TOE) framework, based on the qualitative interpretative approach, was used as a theoretical lens during the qualitative phase. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique with the SQR NVivo software. The analysis shows that the different factors, belonging to the technological, organisational, and environmental contexts, affect the organisational decision to adopt BCT in Australia. The technological factors include perceived benefits, perceived computability, perceived complexity, perceived disintermediation, and perceived information transparency; organisational factors are organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support; environmental factors consist of government support, standards uncertainty, competition intensity, and trading partners readiness. The qualitative analysis also shows the direct and moderating effect of the perceived risks between the relationship of the identified factors and organisational adoption of BCT. Based on the findings of the qualitative phase, the thesis develops a theoretical conceptual model, which shows the relationship between the factors and the organisational adoption of BCT. To increase the external validity of the developed conceptual model, the thesis started a quantitative phase with the administration of an online survey for data collection. Certain criteria were set to screen out the irrelevant participants in the survey. During this phase, hypotheses were proposed for the relationship of the factors identified in the qualitative phase and the organisational adoption of BCT. The survey data was analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique with the SmartPLS 3 software. The quantitative analysis confirms the findings of the qualitative phase that the perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support, competitive intensity, government support, and trading partner readiness have a positive effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Whereas the perceived complexity, standards uncertainty, and perceived risks have a negative effect. The analysis also shows that the moderating effects of perceived risks are significant in the relationship of perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisation innovativeness, competition intensity, and organisational adoption of BCT. Contrary to the qualitative findings, ‘perceived risks’ has no moderating effects on the relationship of perceived benefits, organisational learning capability, top management support, government support, trading partner readiness, and the adoption of BCT. The thesis has both theoretical and practical contributions, which are useful both for theory development and decision-making for the adoption of BCT in Australia. Theoretically, this thesis contributes to the existing IT adoption literature in several ways. Firstly, the thesis provides empirical evidence about the factors affecting organisational adoption of BCT in Australia. This is the first in-depth sequential exploratory mixed methods research that bridges this knowledge gap in the extant literature. The identification of such factors is important, particularly for the Australian government and organisations interested in the value creation of BCT. Second, the thesis reports the effect of new factors, namely, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, standards uncertainty, trading partner readiness, and competition intensity on BCT adoption that are exclusively identified in this research. Third, this thesis confirms the findings of the past studies that the factors of perceived benefits and perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and top management support have an effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Fourth, according to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that has used the qualitative interpretive research approach to investigate the organisational adoption of BCT. Therefore, the thesis confirms the suitability of the qualitative interpretive research approach for BCT adoption. Lastly, most of the researchers have used the TOE framework in either in qualitative or quantitative research. This thesis proves its validity in mixed methods research as well. The thesis's practical contributions are discussed in chapter 7.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Malik, Muhammad Saleem
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Blockchain (BCT) is an emerging technology that promises many benefits for organisations, such as disintermediation, data security, data transparency, a single version of the truth, and trust among trading partners. Despite its multiple benefits, the adoption rate of BCT among organisations has not reached a significantly high level worldwide. The present thesis addresses this issue in the Australian context. There is a knowledge gap in what specific factors, among the plethora of factors reported in the extant scholarly and commercial literature, affect Australian organisations while deciding to adopt BCT. To fill this gap, this thesis uses a mixed-methods approach known as sequential exploratory mixed methods. In this approach, the research starts with a qualitative phase as an initial phase followed by a quantitative phase. During the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews of the BCT experts and decision-makers working with the ifferent Australian organisations that adopted or were in the process of adopting BCT. The Technology, Organisation, Environment (TOE) framework, based on the qualitative interpretative approach, was used as a theoretical lens during the qualitative phase. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique with the SQR NVivo software. The analysis shows that the different factors, belonging to the technological, organisational, and environmental contexts, affect the organisational decision to adopt BCT in Australia. The technological factors include perceived benefits, perceived computability, perceived complexity, perceived disintermediation, and perceived information transparency; organisational factors are organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support; environmental factors consist of government support, standards uncertainty, competition intensity, and trading partners readiness. The qualitative analysis also shows the direct and moderating effect of the perceived risks between the relationship of the identified factors and organisational adoption of BCT. Based on the findings of the qualitative phase, the thesis develops a theoretical conceptual model, which shows the relationship between the factors and the organisational adoption of BCT. To increase the external validity of the developed conceptual model, the thesis started a quantitative phase with the administration of an online survey for data collection. Certain criteria were set to screen out the irrelevant participants in the survey. During this phase, hypotheses were proposed for the relationship of the factors identified in the qualitative phase and the organisational adoption of BCT. The survey data was analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique with the SmartPLS 3 software. The quantitative analysis confirms the findings of the qualitative phase that the perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support, competitive intensity, government support, and trading partner readiness have a positive effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Whereas the perceived complexity, standards uncertainty, and perceived risks have a negative effect. The analysis also shows that the moderating effects of perceived risks are significant in the relationship of perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisation innovativeness, competition intensity, and organisational adoption of BCT. Contrary to the qualitative findings, ‘perceived risks’ has no moderating effects on the relationship of perceived benefits, organisational learning capability, top management support, government support, trading partner readiness, and the adoption of BCT. The thesis has both theoretical and practical contributions, which are useful both for theory development and decision-making for the adoption of BCT in Australia. Theoretically, this thesis contributes to the existing IT adoption literature in several ways. Firstly, the thesis provides empirical evidence about the factors affecting organisational adoption of BCT in Australia. This is the first in-depth sequential exploratory mixed methods research that bridges this knowledge gap in the extant literature. The identification of such factors is important, particularly for the Australian government and organisations interested in the value creation of BCT. Second, the thesis reports the effect of new factors, namely, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, standards uncertainty, trading partner readiness, and competition intensity on BCT adoption that are exclusively identified in this research. Third, this thesis confirms the findings of the past studies that the factors of perceived benefits and perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and top management support have an effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Fourth, according to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that has used the qualitative interpretive research approach to investigate the organisational adoption of BCT. Therefore, the thesis confirms the suitability of the qualitative interpretive research approach for BCT adoption. Lastly, most of the researchers have used the TOE framework in either in qualitative or quantitative research. This thesis proves its validity in mixed methods research as well. The thesis's practical contributions are discussed in chapter 7.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
Bio-inspired network security for 5G-enabled IoT applications
- Saleem, Kashif, Alabduljabbar, Ghadah, Alrowais, Nouf, Al-Muhtadi, Jalal, Imran, Muhammad, Rodrigues, Joel
- Authors: Saleem, Kashif , Alabduljabbar, Ghadah , Alrowais, Nouf , Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Imran, Muhammad , Rodrigues, Joel
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE access Vol. 8, no. (2020), p. 1-1
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Every IPv6-enabled device connected and communicating over the Internet forms the Internet of things (IoT) that is prevalent in society and is used in daily life. This IoT platform will quickly grow to be populated with billions or more objects by making every electrical appliance, car, and even items of furniture smart and connected. The 5th generation (5G) and beyond networks will further boost these IoT systems. The massive utilization of these systems over gigabits per second generates numerous issues. Owing to the huge complexity in large-scale deployment of IoT, data privacy and security are the most prominent challenges, especially for critical applications such as Industry 4.0, e-healthcare, and military. Threat agents persistently strive to find new vulnerabilities and exploit them. Therefore, including promising security measures to support the running systems, not to harm or collapse them, is essential. Nature-inspired algorithms have the capability to provide autonomous and sustainable defense and healing mechanisms. This paper first surveys the 5G network layer security for IoT applications and lists the network layer security vulnerabilities and requirements in wireless sensor networks, IoT, and 5G-enabled IoT. Second, a detailed literature review is conducted with the current network layer security methods and the bio-inspired techniques for IoT applications exchanging data packets over 5G. Finally, the bio-inspired algorithms are analyzed in the context of providing a secure network layer for IoT applications connected over 5G and beyond networks.
- Authors: Saleem, Kashif , Alabduljabbar, Ghadah , Alrowais, Nouf , Al-Muhtadi, Jalal , Imran, Muhammad , Rodrigues, Joel
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE access Vol. 8, no. (2020), p. 1-1
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Every IPv6-enabled device connected and communicating over the Internet forms the Internet of things (IoT) that is prevalent in society and is used in daily life. This IoT platform will quickly grow to be populated with billions or more objects by making every electrical appliance, car, and even items of furniture smart and connected. The 5th generation (5G) and beyond networks will further boost these IoT systems. The massive utilization of these systems over gigabits per second generates numerous issues. Owing to the huge complexity in large-scale deployment of IoT, data privacy and security are the most prominent challenges, especially for critical applications such as Industry 4.0, e-healthcare, and military. Threat agents persistently strive to find new vulnerabilities and exploit them. Therefore, including promising security measures to support the running systems, not to harm or collapse them, is essential. Nature-inspired algorithms have the capability to provide autonomous and sustainable defense and healing mechanisms. This paper first surveys the 5G network layer security for IoT applications and lists the network layer security vulnerabilities and requirements in wireless sensor networks, IoT, and 5G-enabled IoT. Second, a detailed literature review is conducted with the current network layer security methods and the bio-inspired techniques for IoT applications exchanging data packets over 5G. Finally, the bio-inspired algorithms are analyzed in the context of providing a secure network layer for IoT applications connected over 5G and beyond networks.
Generating linked data repositories using UML artifacts
- Authors: Khan, Aqsa , Malik, Saleem
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 1st Intelligent Technologies and Applications, Intap 2018; Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 23rd-25th October 2018; published in Communications in Computer and Information Science book Series Vol. 932, p. 142-152
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The usability of diagrams and models is increasing day by day, because of this we experience problem in searching and accessing from large size repositories of diagrams and models of software systems. This research might be helpful to search and access the diagrams and models in bigger repositories. For this purpose, this research developed linked data repositories which contain UML (Unified Modeling Language) artifacts, these artifacts are being organized with using UML class model. In particular, UML is being broadly applied to data modeling in many application domains, and generating linked data repositories from the UML class model is becoming a challenging task in the context of semantic web. This paper proposes an approach, in which we will build a construction tool by joining the characteristics of RDF (Resource Description Framework) and UML. Firstly we will formally define design artifacts and linked data repositories. After that we will propose a construction tool in which we will extract UML artifacts, these UML class model further transforms into the corresponding RDFs. The generated RDF linked data then will be verified by using W3C RDF, this is a validating service used to generate and verify the RDF triples and graphs. Finally, the proposed construction tool will be implemented with few experiments and research is validated using W3C RDF validating service. The proposed approach aims to give such a design that may facilitate the users to customize linked data repositories so that diagrams and models could be examined from large size data.
- Authors: Khan, Aqsa , Malik, Saleem
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 1st Intelligent Technologies and Applications, Intap 2018; Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 23rd-25th October 2018; published in Communications in Computer and Information Science book Series Vol. 932, p. 142-152
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The usability of diagrams and models is increasing day by day, because of this we experience problem in searching and accessing from large size repositories of diagrams and models of software systems. This research might be helpful to search and access the diagrams and models in bigger repositories. For this purpose, this research developed linked data repositories which contain UML (Unified Modeling Language) artifacts, these artifacts are being organized with using UML class model. In particular, UML is being broadly applied to data modeling in many application domains, and generating linked data repositories from the UML class model is becoming a challenging task in the context of semantic web. This paper proposes an approach, in which we will build a construction tool by joining the characteristics of RDF (Resource Description Framework) and UML. Firstly we will formally define design artifacts and linked data repositories. After that we will propose a construction tool in which we will extract UML artifacts, these UML class model further transforms into the corresponding RDFs. The generated RDF linked data then will be verified by using W3C RDF, this is a validating service used to generate and verify the RDF triples and graphs. Finally, the proposed construction tool will be implemented with few experiments and research is validated using W3C RDF validating service. The proposed approach aims to give such a design that may facilitate the users to customize linked data repositories so that diagrams and models could be examined from large size data.
Factors affecting the organizational adoption of blockchain technology : extending the technology–organization– environment (TOE) framework in the Australian context
- Malik, Saleem, Chadhar, Mehmood, Vatanasakdakul, Savanid, Chetty, Madhu
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid , Chetty, Madhu
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 16 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain technology (BCT) has been gaining popularity due to its benefits for almost every industry. However, despite its benefits, the organizational adoption of BCT is rather limited. This lack of uptake motivated us to identify the factors that influence the adoption of BCT from an organizational perspective. In doing this, we reviewed the BCT literature, interviewed BCT experts, and proposed a research model based on the TOE framework. Specifically, we theorized the role of technological (perceived benefits, compatibility, information transparency, and disintermediation), organizational (organization innovativeness, organizational learning capability, and top management support), and environmental (competition intensity, government support, trading partners readiness, and standards uncertainty) factors in the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. We confirmed the model with a sample of adopters and potential adopter organizations in Aus-tralia. The results show a significant role of the proposed factors in the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. Additionally, we found that the relationship between the influential factors and BCT adoption is moderated by “perceived risks”. The study extends the TOE framework by adding factors that were ignored in previous studies on BCT adoption, such as perceived information trans-parency, perceived disintermediation, organizational innovativeness, organizational learning capa-bility, and standards uncertainty. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid , Chetty, Madhu
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sustainability (Switzerland) Vol. 13, no. 16 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain technology (BCT) has been gaining popularity due to its benefits for almost every industry. However, despite its benefits, the organizational adoption of BCT is rather limited. This lack of uptake motivated us to identify the factors that influence the adoption of BCT from an organizational perspective. In doing this, we reviewed the BCT literature, interviewed BCT experts, and proposed a research model based on the TOE framework. Specifically, we theorized the role of technological (perceived benefits, compatibility, information transparency, and disintermediation), organizational (organization innovativeness, organizational learning capability, and top management support), and environmental (competition intensity, government support, trading partners readiness, and standards uncertainty) factors in the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. We confirmed the model with a sample of adopters and potential adopter organizations in Aus-tralia. The results show a significant role of the proposed factors in the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. Additionally, we found that the relationship between the influential factors and BCT adoption is moderated by “perceived risks”. The study extends the TOE framework by adding factors that were ignored in previous studies on BCT adoption, such as perceived information trans-parency, perceived disintermediation, organizational innovativeness, organizational learning capa-bility, and standards uncertainty. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Mestrom, Sanne
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Visual art work
- Full Text:
Factors affecting the organizational adoption of blockchain technology : an Australian perspective
- Malik, Saleem, Chadhar, Mehmood, Chetty, Madhu
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2021 Vol. 2020-January, p. 5597-5606
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain Technology (BCT) is a novel innovation that has the potential to transform industries, for instance, supply chain, energy, finance, and healthcare. However, despite the potential and the wide range of benefits reported, organizational adoption of BCT is low in several countries including Australia. Some studies investigated the adoption of BCT in different countries, however, there is a lack of research that examines the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. This study fills this gap by exploring the factors, which influence BCT adoption among Australian organizations. To achieve this, we used an interpretative qualitative research approach based on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework and the Institutional Theory. The findings show that organizational adoption of BCT in Australia is influenced by perceived novelty, complexity, cost, and disintermediation feature of BCT; top management knowledge and support; government support, customer pressure, trading partner readiness, and consensus among trading partners. © 2021 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2021 Vol. 2020-January, p. 5597-5606
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Blockchain Technology (BCT) is a novel innovation that has the potential to transform industries, for instance, supply chain, energy, finance, and healthcare. However, despite the potential and the wide range of benefits reported, organizational adoption of BCT is low in several countries including Australia. Some studies investigated the adoption of BCT in different countries, however, there is a lack of research that examines the organizational adoption of BCT in Australia. This study fills this gap by exploring the factors, which influence BCT adoption among Australian organizations. To achieve this, we used an interpretative qualitative research approach based on the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework and the Institutional Theory. The findings show that organizational adoption of BCT in Australia is influenced by perceived novelty, complexity, cost, and disintermediation feature of BCT; top management knowledge and support; government support, customer pressure, trading partner readiness, and consensus among trading partners. © 2021 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
Soil moisture, organic carbon, and nitrogen content prediction with hyperspectral data using regression models
- Datta, Dristi, Paul, Manoranjan, Murshed, Manzur, Teng, Shyh Wei, Schmidtke, Leigh
- Authors: Datta, Dristi , Paul, Manoranjan , Murshed, Manzur , Teng, Shyh Wei , Schmidtke, Leigh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 22, no. 20 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and nitrogen content prediction are considered significant fields of study as they are directly related to plant health and food production. Direct estimation of these soil properties with traditional methods, for example, the oven-drying technique and chemical analysis, is a time and resource-consuming approach and can predict only smaller areas. With the significant development of remote sensing and hyperspectral (HS) imaging technologies, soil moisture, carbon, and nitrogen can be estimated over vast areas. This paper presents a generalized approach to predicting three different essential soil contents using a comprehensive study of various machine learning (ML) models by considering the dimensional reduction in feature spaces. In this study, we have used three popular benchmark HS datasets captured in Germany and Sweden. The efficacy of different ML algorithms is evaluated to predict soil content, and significant improvement is obtained when a specific range of bands is selected. The performance of ML models is further improved by applying principal component analysis (PCA), a dimensional reduction method that works with an unsupervised learning method. The effect of soil temperature on soil moisture prediction is evaluated in this study, and the results show that when the soil temperature is considered with the HS band, the soil moisture prediction accuracy does not improve. However, the combined effect of band selection and feature transformation using PCA significantly enhances the prediction accuracy for soil moisture, carbon, and nitrogen content. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of established ML regression models using data preprocessing, effective band selection, and data dimension reduction and attempt to understand which feature combinations provide the best accuracy. The outcomes of several ML models are verified with validation techniques and the best- and worst-case scenarios in terms of soil content are noted. The proposed approach outperforms existing estimation techniques.
- Authors: Datta, Dristi , Paul, Manoranjan , Murshed, Manzur , Teng, Shyh Wei , Schmidtke, Leigh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 22, no. 20 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and nitrogen content prediction are considered significant fields of study as they are directly related to plant health and food production. Direct estimation of these soil properties with traditional methods, for example, the oven-drying technique and chemical analysis, is a time and resource-consuming approach and can predict only smaller areas. With the significant development of remote sensing and hyperspectral (HS) imaging technologies, soil moisture, carbon, and nitrogen can be estimated over vast areas. This paper presents a generalized approach to predicting three different essential soil contents using a comprehensive study of various machine learning (ML) models by considering the dimensional reduction in feature spaces. In this study, we have used three popular benchmark HS datasets captured in Germany and Sweden. The efficacy of different ML algorithms is evaluated to predict soil content, and significant improvement is obtained when a specific range of bands is selected. The performance of ML models is further improved by applying principal component analysis (PCA), a dimensional reduction method that works with an unsupervised learning method. The effect of soil temperature on soil moisture prediction is evaluated in this study, and the results show that when the soil temperature is considered with the HS band, the soil moisture prediction accuracy does not improve. However, the combined effect of band selection and feature transformation using PCA significantly enhances the prediction accuracy for soil moisture, carbon, and nitrogen content. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of established ML regression models using data preprocessing, effective band selection, and data dimension reduction and attempt to understand which feature combinations provide the best accuracy. The outcomes of several ML models are verified with validation techniques and the best- and worst-case scenarios in terms of soil content are noted. The proposed approach outperforms existing estimation techniques.
Model free operational space control of mechanical manipulators
- Authors: Saleem, Muhammad Saad
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Saleem, Muhammad Saad
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
An exploratory study of the adoption of blockchain technology among Australian organizations : a theoretical model
- Malik, Saleem, Chadhar, Mehmood, Chetty, Madhu, Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 17th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS 2020; Dubai; 25-26 November 2020 Vol. 402, p. 205-220
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Scholarly and commercial literature indicates several applications of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in different industries e.g. health, finance, supply chain, government, and energy. Despite abundant benefits reported and growing prominence, BCT has been facing various challenges across the globe, including low adoption by organizations. There is a dearth of studies that examined the organizational adoption of blockchain technology, particularly in Australia. This lack of uptake provides the rationale to initiate this research to identify the factors influencing the Australian organizations to adopt BCT. To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative study based on the Technology, Organization, Environment (TOE) framework. The study proposes a theoretical model grounded on the findings of semi-structured interviews of blockchain experts in Australia. The proposed model shows that the organizational adoption of blockchain is influenced by perceived benefits, compatibility, and complexity, organization innovativeness, organizational learning capability, competitive intensity, government support, trading partner readiness, and standards uncertainty. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
- Authors: Malik, Saleem , Chadhar, Mehmood , Chetty, Madhu , Vatanasakdakul, Savanid
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 17th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS 2020; Dubai; 25-26 November 2020 Vol. 402, p. 205-220
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Scholarly and commercial literature indicates several applications of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in different industries e.g. health, finance, supply chain, government, and energy. Despite abundant benefits reported and growing prominence, BCT has been facing various challenges across the globe, including low adoption by organizations. There is a dearth of studies that examined the organizational adoption of blockchain technology, particularly in Australia. This lack of uptake provides the rationale to initiate this research to identify the factors influencing the Australian organizations to adopt BCT. To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative study based on the Technology, Organization, Environment (TOE) framework. The study proposes a theoretical model grounded on the findings of semi-structured interviews of blockchain experts in Australia. The proposed model shows that the organizational adoption of blockchain is influenced by perceived benefits, compatibility, and complexity, organization innovativeness, organizational learning capability, competitive intensity, government support, trading partner readiness, and standards uncertainty. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Survival, oxidative stability, and surface characteristics of spray dried co-microcapsules containing omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria
- Eratte, Divya, Gengenbach, Thomas, Dowling, Kim, Barrow, Colin, Adhikari, Benu
- Authors: Eratte, Divya , Gengenbach, Thomas , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 34, no. 16 (2016), p. 1926-1935
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine optimum inlet and outlet air temperatures of spray process for producing co-microcapsules containing omega-3 rich tuna oil and probiotic bacteria L. casei. These co-microcapsules were produced using whey protein isolate and gum Arabic complex coacervates as shell materials. Improved bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 oil were used as two main criteria of this study. Three sets of inlet (130 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 170 degrees C) and outlet (55 degrees C, 65 degrees C, and 75 degrees C) air temperatures were used in nine combinations to produce powdered co-microcapsule. The viability of L. casei, oxidative stability of omega-3 oil, surface oil, oil microencapsulation efficiency, moisture content, surface elemental composition and morphology of the powdered samples were measured. There is no statistical difference in oxidative stability at two lower inlet air temperatures (130 degrees C and 150 degrees C). However, there was a significant decrease in oxidative stability when higher inlet temperature (170 degrees C) was used. The viability of L. casei decreased with the increase in the inlet and outlet air temperatures. There was no difference in the surface elemental compositions and surface morphology of powdered co-microcapsules produced under these nine inlet/outlet temperature combinations. Of the range of conditions tested the co-microcapsules produced at inlet-outlet temperature 130-65 degrees C showed the highest bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 and having the moisture content of 4.93 +/- 0.05% (w/w). This research shows that powdered co-microcapsules of probiotic bacteria and omega-3 fatty acids with high survival of the former and high stability against oxidation can be produced through spray drying.
- Authors: Eratte, Divya , Gengenbach, Thomas , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 34, no. 16 (2016), p. 1926-1935
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine optimum inlet and outlet air temperatures of spray process for producing co-microcapsules containing omega-3 rich tuna oil and probiotic bacteria L. casei. These co-microcapsules were produced using whey protein isolate and gum Arabic complex coacervates as shell materials. Improved bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 oil were used as two main criteria of this study. Three sets of inlet (130 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 170 degrees C) and outlet (55 degrees C, 65 degrees C, and 75 degrees C) air temperatures were used in nine combinations to produce powdered co-microcapsule. The viability of L. casei, oxidative stability of omega-3 oil, surface oil, oil microencapsulation efficiency, moisture content, surface elemental composition and morphology of the powdered samples were measured. There is no statistical difference in oxidative stability at two lower inlet air temperatures (130 degrees C and 150 degrees C). However, there was a significant decrease in oxidative stability when higher inlet temperature (170 degrees C) was used. The viability of L. casei decreased with the increase in the inlet and outlet air temperatures. There was no difference in the surface elemental compositions and surface morphology of powdered co-microcapsules produced under these nine inlet/outlet temperature combinations. Of the range of conditions tested the co-microcapsules produced at inlet-outlet temperature 130-65 degrees C showed the highest bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 and having the moisture content of 4.93 +/- 0.05% (w/w). This research shows that powdered co-microcapsules of probiotic bacteria and omega-3 fatty acids with high survival of the former and high stability against oxidation can be produced through spray drying.
To remain, migrate abroad or resettle : a complex dynamic process affecting Pakistani physicians' career decisions
- Arif, Muhammad, Cruickshank, Mary, Fraser, John
- Authors: Arif, Muhammad , Cruickshank, Mary , Fraser, John
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management Vol. 14, no. 3 (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVE This study investigated Pakistani physicians' decision-making concerning their decisions to stay in Pakistan, migrate abroad, or resettle back into their country after working abroad. METHODS This qualitative study employed a phenomenological research design. Thirteen Pakistani physicians characterised as 'stayers', 'leavers' and 'resettlers' were interviewed via telephone to explore their lived experience in 2008-2009. RESULTS Results show a dynamic nature of the physicians' career decision-making depending on their constant weighing of complex personal, family, professional and societal factors. Stayers, leavers and resettlers are not mutually exclusive groups but rather individual physicians' can move between these groups at different stages of career and life. Physicians vary in their decision making. Stayers and resettlers place more emphasis on personal and family reasons and societal factors providing there is a permanent job for them. Leavers focus on health system problems and recent societal problems of personal and societal insecurity. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicates that physician migration, retention and resettlement is a complex issue and there are multiple personal, social, political and economic factors that affect their decisions to stay, move abroad or resettle back into their countries. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focusing on health workers retention, migration and resettlement issues look at it from a holistic perspective rather than focusing only on the economic and professional imperatives. The findings of this study have international implications for health care managers dealing with a highly mobile international medical workforce. Strategies considering different stages of the physician career/ life cycle need to highlight the importance of identity, belonging and place as doctors weigh this with career goals. © 2019 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management. All Rights Reserved.
- Authors: Arif, Muhammad , Cruickshank, Mary , Fraser, John
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management Vol. 14, no. 3 (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVE This study investigated Pakistani physicians' decision-making concerning their decisions to stay in Pakistan, migrate abroad, or resettle back into their country after working abroad. METHODS This qualitative study employed a phenomenological research design. Thirteen Pakistani physicians characterised as 'stayers', 'leavers' and 'resettlers' were interviewed via telephone to explore their lived experience in 2008-2009. RESULTS Results show a dynamic nature of the physicians' career decision-making depending on their constant weighing of complex personal, family, professional and societal factors. Stayers, leavers and resettlers are not mutually exclusive groups but rather individual physicians' can move between these groups at different stages of career and life. Physicians vary in their decision making. Stayers and resettlers place more emphasis on personal and family reasons and societal factors providing there is a permanent job for them. Leavers focus on health system problems and recent societal problems of personal and societal insecurity. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicates that physician migration, retention and resettlement is a complex issue and there are multiple personal, social, political and economic factors that affect their decisions to stay, move abroad or resettle back into their countries. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focusing on health workers retention, migration and resettlement issues look at it from a holistic perspective rather than focusing only on the economic and professional imperatives. The findings of this study have international implications for health care managers dealing with a highly mobile international medical workforce. Strategies considering different stages of the physician career/ life cycle need to highlight the importance of identity, belonging and place as doctors weigh this with career goals. © 2019 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management. All Rights Reserved.
Efficient data gathering in 3D linear underwater wireless sensor networks using sink mobility
- Akbar, Mariam, Javaid, Nadeem, Khan, Ayesha, Imran, Muhammad, Shoaib, Muhammad, Vasilakos, Athanasios
- Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Khan, Ayesha , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Vasilakos, Athanasios
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sensors (Switzerland) Vol. 16, no. 3 (2016), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Due to the unpleasant and unpredictable underwater environment, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) demands more accuracy and extra computations. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a mobile sink (MS), i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and also courier nodes (CNs), to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. MS and CNs stop at specific stops for data gathering; later on, CNs forward the received data to the MS for further transmission. By the mobility of CNs and MS, the overall energy consumption of nodes is minimized. We perform simulations to investigate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it to preexisting techniques. Simulation results are compared in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss, transmission loss and packet drop ratio. The results show that the proposed technique performs better in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss and scalability. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Akbar, Mariam , Javaid, Nadeem , Khan, Ayesha , Imran, Muhammad , Shoaib, Muhammad , Vasilakos, Athanasios
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sensors (Switzerland) Vol. 16, no. 3 (2016), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Due to the unpleasant and unpredictable underwater environment, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) demands more accuracy and extra computations. In the proposed scheme, we introduce a mobile sink (MS), i.e., an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and also courier nodes (CNs), to minimize the energy consumption of nodes. MS and CNs stop at specific stops for data gathering; later on, CNs forward the received data to the MS for further transmission. By the mobility of CNs and MS, the overall energy consumption of nodes is minimized. We perform simulations to investigate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it to preexisting techniques. Simulation results are compared in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss, transmission loss and packet drop ratio. The results show that the proposed technique performs better in terms of network lifetime, throughput, path loss and scalability. © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Automatic sleep stage identification: difficulties and possible solutions
- Sukhorukova, Nadezda, Stranieri, Andrew, Ofoghi, Bahadorreza, Vamplew, Peter, Saleem, Muhammad Saad, Ma, Liping, Ugon, Adrien, Ugon, Julien, Muecke, Nial, Amiel, Hélène, Philippe, Carole, Bani-Mustafa, Ahmed, Huda, Shamsul, Bertoli, Marcello, Levy, P, Ganascia, J.G
- Authors: Sukhorukova, Nadezda , Stranieri, Andrew , Ofoghi, Bahadorreza , Vamplew, Peter , Saleem, Muhammad Saad , Ma, Liping , Ugon, Adrien , Ugon, Julien , Muecke, Nial , Amiel, Hélène , Philippe, Carole , Bani-Mustafa, Ahmed , Huda, Shamsul , Bertoli, Marcello , Levy, P , Ganascia, J.G
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: The diagnosis of many sleep disorders is a labour intensive task that involves the specialised interpretation of numerous signals including brain wave, breath and heart rate captured in overnight polysomnogram sessions. The automation of diagnoses is challenging for data mining algorithms because the data sets are extremely large and noisy, the signals are complex and specialist's analyses vary. This work reports on the adaptation of approaches from four fields; neural networks, mathematical optimisation, financial forecasting and frequency domain analysis to the problem of automatically determing a patient's stage of sleep. Results, though preliminary, are promising and indicate that combined approaches may prove more fruitful than the reliance on a approach.
- Authors: Sukhorukova, Nadezda , Stranieri, Andrew , Ofoghi, Bahadorreza , Vamplew, Peter , Saleem, Muhammad Saad , Ma, Liping , Ugon, Adrien , Ugon, Julien , Muecke, Nial , Amiel, Hélène , Philippe, Carole , Bani-Mustafa, Ahmed , Huda, Shamsul , Bertoli, Marcello , Levy, P , Ganascia, J.G
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: The diagnosis of many sleep disorders is a labour intensive task that involves the specialised interpretation of numerous signals including brain wave, breath and heart rate captured in overnight polysomnogram sessions. The automation of diagnoses is challenging for data mining algorithms because the data sets are extremely large and noisy, the signals are complex and specialist's analyses vary. This work reports on the adaptation of approaches from four fields; neural networks, mathematical optimisation, financial forecasting and frequency domain analysis to the problem of automatically determing a patient's stage of sleep. Results, though preliminary, are promising and indicate that combined approaches may prove more fruitful than the reliance on a approach.
Feasibility of subspace identification for bipeds an innovative approach for kino-dynamic systems
- Saleem, Muhammad Saad, Sultan, Ibrahim
- Authors: Saleem, Muhammad Saad , Sultan, Ibrahim
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, ICINCO 2007, Angers, France : 9th-12th May 2007 Vol. ICSO, p. 133-140
- Full Text: false
- Description: Different approaches have been briefly overviewed which have been used in stability of biped robots. Current implementations either mimic human behavior or use heuristic control. This paper suggests the use of modelfree crisp control in operational space configuration for better control and understanding of kino-dynamic systems and biped robots.
- Description: 2003004805
Coding OSICS sports injury diagnoses in epidemiological studies : Does the background of the coder matter?
- Finch, Caroline, Orchard, John, Twomey, Dara, Saleem, Muhammad Saad, Ekegren, Christina, Lloyd, David, Elliott, Bruce
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , Orchard, John , Twomey, Dara , Saleem, Muhammad Saad , Ekegren, Christina , Lloyd, David , Elliott, Bruce
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol.48, p.552-556.
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To compare Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS-10) sports medicine diagnoses assigned by a clinical and non-clinical coder. Design: Assessment of intercoder agreement. Setting: Community Australian football. Participants: 1082 standardised injury surveillance records. Main outcome measurements: Direct comparison of the four-character hierarchical OSICS-10 codes assigned by two independent coders (a sports physician and an epidemiologist). Adjudication by a third coder (biomechanist). Results: The coders agreed on the first character 95% of the time and on the first two characters 86% of the time. They assigned the same four-digit OSICS-10 code for only 46% of the 1082 injuries. The majority of disagreements occurred for the third character; 85% were because one coder assigned a non-specific 'X' code. The sports physician code was deemed correct in 53% of cases and the epidemiologist in 44%. Reasons for disagreement included the physician not using all of the collected information and the epidemiologist lacking specific anatomical knowledge. Conclusions: Sports injury research requires accurate identification and classification of specific injuries and this study found an overall high level of agreement in coding according to OSICS-10. The fact that the majority of the disagreements occurred for the third OSICS character highlights the fact that increasing complexity and diagnostic specificity in injury coding can result in a loss of reliability and demands a high level of anatomical knowledge. Injury report form details need to reflect this level of complexity and data management teams need to include a broad range of expertise. Copyright Article author (or their employer) 2012.
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , Orchard, John , Twomey, Dara , Saleem, Muhammad Saad , Ekegren, Christina , Lloyd, David , Elliott, Bruce
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol.48, p.552-556.
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To compare Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS-10) sports medicine diagnoses assigned by a clinical and non-clinical coder. Design: Assessment of intercoder agreement. Setting: Community Australian football. Participants: 1082 standardised injury surveillance records. Main outcome measurements: Direct comparison of the four-character hierarchical OSICS-10 codes assigned by two independent coders (a sports physician and an epidemiologist). Adjudication by a third coder (biomechanist). Results: The coders agreed on the first character 95% of the time and on the first two characters 86% of the time. They assigned the same four-digit OSICS-10 code for only 46% of the 1082 injuries. The majority of disagreements occurred for the third character; 85% were because one coder assigned a non-specific 'X' code. The sports physician code was deemed correct in 53% of cases and the epidemiologist in 44%. Reasons for disagreement included the physician not using all of the collected information and the epidemiologist lacking specific anatomical knowledge. Conclusions: Sports injury research requires accurate identification and classification of specific injuries and this study found an overall high level of agreement in coding according to OSICS-10. The fact that the majority of the disagreements occurred for the third OSICS character highlights the fact that increasing complexity and diagnostic specificity in injury coding can result in a loss of reliability and demands a high level of anatomical knowledge. Injury report form details need to reflect this level of complexity and data management teams need to include a broad range of expertise. Copyright Article author (or their employer) 2012.