List of Titles

Benefits of pilates in Parkinson's Disease : A systematic review and meta-analysis

- Suarez-Iglesias, David, Miller, Kyle, Seijo-Martinez, Manuel, Ayan, Carlos

Authors: Suarez-Iglesias, David , Miller, Kyle , Seijo-Martinez, Manuel , Ayan, Carlos
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Medicina-Lithuania Vol. 55, no. 8 (2019), p. 1-14
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Description: Pilates may be a beneficial method of exercise for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no studies have critically reviewed the scientific evidence in this regard. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Pilates as a rehabilitation strategy for PD. A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus was conducted to identify studies related to the effect of Pilates on PD. The search timeframe ranged from the inception of each database to March 2019. The search resulted in the identification of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-RCT studies. The methodological quality of the investigations ranged from poor to fair. The descriptive analysis of the eight investigations showed that Pilates resulted in beneficial effects on fitness, balance and functional autonomy. A subsequent meta-analysis on the four RCTs indicated that Pilates was more effective than traditional training programmes in improving lower limb function. Pilates can be safely prescribed for people with mild-to-moderate PD. Preliminary evidence indicates that its practice could have a positive impact on fitness, balance and physical function. Its benefits on lower-body function appear to be superior to those of other conventional exercises. Future randomized studies with greater samples are needed to confirm these observations.

Long-term aerobic exercise improves vascular function into old age : A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta regression of observational and interventional studies

- Campbell, Amy, Grace, Fergal, Ritchie, Louise, Beaumont, Alexander, Sculthorpe, Nicholas

Authors: Campbell, Amy , Grace, Fergal , Ritchie, Louise , Beaumont, Alexander , Sculthorpe, Nicholas
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 10, no. FEB (2019), p. 1-16
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Description: There is an emerging body of literature relating to the effectiveness of frequent aerobic exercise as a prophylactic for age-associated dysfunction of large arteries, yet systematic evaluation and precise estimate of this effect is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies examining flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of athletic older persons and otherwise healthy sedentary counterparts to (i) compare FMD as a determinant of endothelial function between athletes and sedentary individuals and, (ii) summarize the effect of exercise training on FMD in studies of sedentary aging persons. Studies were identified from systematic search of major electronic databases from inception to January 2018. Study quality was assessed before conducting a random effects meta-analysis to calculate a pooled ES (mean difference) with 95% CI's. Thirteen studies [4 interventional (n = 125); 10 cross-sectional [including one study from the interventional analysis; (n = 485)] with age ranges from 62 to 75 years underwent quantitative pooling of data. The majority of study participants were male. Older athletes had more favorable FMD compared with sedentary controls (2.1%; CI: 1.4, 2.8%; P < 0.001). There was no significant improvement in the vascular function of sedentary cohorts following a period of exercise training (0.7%; CI: −0.675, 2.09%; P = 0.316). However, there was a significant increase in baseline diameter from pre to post intervention (0.1 mm; CI: 0.07, 0.13 mm; P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in endothelial independent vasodilation between the trained and sedentary older adults (1.57%; CI: −0.13, 3.27%; P = 0.07), or from pre to post exercise intervention (1.48%; CI: −1.34, 4.3%; P = 0.3). In conclusion, long-term aerobic exercise appears to attenuate the decline in endothelial vascular function, a benefit which is maintained during chronological aging. However, currently there is not enough evidence to suggest that exercise interventions improve vascular function in previously sedentary healthy older adults.

Physiotherapists use a small number of behaviour change techniques when promoting physical activity : A systematic review comparing experimental and observational studies

- Kunstler, Breanne, Cook, Jill, Freene, Nicole, Finch, Caroline, Kemp, Joanne, O'Halloran, Paul, Gaida, James

Authors: Kunstler, Breanne , Cook, Jill , Freene, Nicole , Finch, Caroline , Kemp, Joanne , O'Halloran, Paul , Gaida, James
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 6 (2018), p. 609-615
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Description: Objectives: Physiotherapists promote physical activity as part of their practice. This study reviewed the behaviour change techniques physiotherapists use when promoting physical activity in experimental and observational studies. Design: Systematic review of experimental and observational studies. Methods: Twelve databases were searched using terms related to physiotherapy and physical activity. We included experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of physiotherapist-led physical activity interventions delivered to adults in clinic-based private practice and outpatient settings to individuals with, or at risk of, non-communicable diseases. Observational studies reporting the techniques physiotherapists use when promoting physical activity were also included. The behaviour change techniques used in all studies were identified using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. The behaviour change techniques appearing in efficacious and inefficacious experimental interventions were compared using a narrative approach. Results: Twelve studies (nine experimental and three observational) were retained from the initial search yield of 4141. Risk of bias ranged from low to high. Physiotherapists used seven behaviour change techniques in the observational studies, compared to 30 behaviour change techniques in the experimental studies. Social support (unspecified) was the most frequently identified behaviour change technique across both settings. Efficacious experimental interventions used more behaviour change techniques (n = 29) and functioned in more ways (n = 6) than did inefficacious experimental interventions (behaviour change techniques = 10 and functions = 1). Conclusions: Physiotherapists use a small number of behaviour change techniques. Less behaviour change techniques were identified in observational studies compared to experimental studies, suggesting physiotherapists use less BCTs clinically than experimentally.

Physiotherapists use a small number of behaviour change techniques when promoting physical activity : A systematic review comparing experimental and observational studies

- Kunstler, Breanne, Cook, Jill, Freene, Nicole, Finch, Caroline, Kemp, Joanne, O'Halloran, Paul, Gaida, James

Authors: Kunstler, Breanne , Cook, Jill , Freene, Nicole , Finch, Caroline , Kemp, Joanne , O'Halloran, Paul , Gaida, James
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 6 (2018), p. 609-615
Full Text: false
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Description: Objectives: Physiotherapists promote physical activity as part of their practice. This study reviewed the behaviour change techniques physiotherapists use when promoting physical activity in experimental and observational studies. Design: Systematic review of experimental and observational studies. Methods: Twelve databases were searched using terms related to physiotherapy and physical activity. We included experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of physiotherapist-led physical activity interventions delivered to adults in clinic-based private practice and outpatient settings to individuals with, or at risk of, non-communicable diseases. Observational studies reporting the techniques physiotherapists use when promoting physical activity were also included. The behaviour change techniques used in all studies were identified using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy. The behaviour change techniques appearing in efficacious and inefficacious experimental interventions were compared using a narrative approach. Results: Twelve studies (nine experimental and three observational) were retained from the initial search yield of 4141. Risk of bias ranged from low to high. Physiotherapists used seven behaviour change techniques in the observational studies, compared to 30 behaviour change techniques in the experimental studies. Social support (unspecified) was the most frequently identified behaviour change technique across both settings. Efficacious experimental interventions used more behaviour change techniques (n = 29) and functioned in more ways (n = 6) than did inefficacious experimental interventions (behaviour change techniques = 10 and functions = 1). Conclusions: Physiotherapists use a small number of behaviour change techniques. Less behaviour change techniques were identified in observational studies compared to experimental studies, suggesting physiotherapists use less BCTs clinically than experimentally.

Effects of exercise and manual therapy on pain associated with hip osteoarthritis : A systematic review and meta-analysis

- Beumer, Lucy, Wong, Jennie, Warden, Stuart, Kemp, Joanne, Foster, Paul, Crossley, Kay

Authors: Beumer, Lucy , Wong, Jennie , Warden, Stuart , Kemp, Joanne , Foster, Paul , Crossley, Kay
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 50, no. 8 (2016), p. 458-463
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Description: Aim: To explore the effects of exercise (water-based or land-based) and/or manual therapies on pain in adults with clinically and/or radiographically diagnosed hip osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, with patient reported pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) or the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale. Data were grouped by follow-up time (0-3 months=short term; 4-12 months=medium term and; >12 months=long term), and standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were used to establish intervention effect sizes. Study quality was assessed using modified PEDro scores. Results: 19 trials were included. Four studies showed short-term benefits favouring water-based exercise over minimal control using the WOMAC pain subscale (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.10). Six studies supported a short-term benefit of land-based exercise compared to minimal control on VAS assessed pain (SMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.29). There were no medium (SMD -0.23, 95% CI -0.48 to 0.03) or long (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.51 to 0.06) term benefits of exercise therapy, or benefit of combining exercise therapy with manual therapy (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.88 to 0.13) when compared to minimal control. Conclusions: Best available evidence indicates that exercise therapy (whether land-based or water-based) is more effective than minimal control in managing pain associated with hip OA in the short term. Larger highquality RCTs are needed to establish the effectiveness of exercise and manual therapies in the medium and long term.

Salivary testosterone and cortisol measurement in sports medicine : A narrative review and user's guide for researchers and practitioners

- Hayes, Lawrence, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Cunniffe, B., Grace, Fergal

Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Cunniffe, B. , Grace, Fergal
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 37, no. 13 (2016), p. 1007-1018
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Description: Since the initial reporting of salivary hormone measurements in marathon runners in the early 1980s, the practice of utilizing salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) to reflect acute and rhythmic changes to their systemic counterparts has gained considerable momentum. However, substantial variability exists between studies with respect to methodological protocols, laboratory techniques, and interpretation of study findings. These differences can directly influence the salivary hormone values, thus hampering interpretation, limiting cross-study comparison, and constraining the generalizability of individual study findings. This article examines the current body of literature before proposing a sequence of practical guidelines to minimize sample variability in salivary hormone research. The guidelines are grouped into 3 major categories that limit comparison between studies; A) study design, B) sample acquisition and biological variation, and C) technical and analytical error. To achieve this, the present article critically appraises research employing salivary T and C measurements, identifies potential sources of error before proposing appropriate methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners wishing to obtain T and C measurement from saliva. BASI AA, 1980, JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE, V96, P544

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A brief review of exercise, bipolar disorder, and mechanistic pathways

- Thomson, Daniel, Turner, Alyna, Lauder, Sue, Gigler, Margaret, Berk, Lesley, Singh, Ajeet, Pasco, Julie, Berk, Michael, Sylvia, Louisa

Authors: Thomson, Daniel , Turner, Alyna , Lauder, Sue , Gigler, Margaret , Berk, Lesley , Singh, Ajeet , Pasco, Julie , Berk, Michael , Sylvia, Louisa
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 6, no. (2015), p. 1-10
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Description: Despite evidence that exercise has been found to be effective in the treatment of depression, it is unclear whether these data can be extrapolated to bipolar disorder. Available evidence for bipolar disorder is scant, with no existing randomized controlled trials having tested the impact of exercise on depressive, manic or hypomanic symptomatology. Although exercise is often recommended in bipolar disorder, this is based on extrapolation from the unipolar literature, theory and clinical expertise and not empirical evidence. In addition, there are currently no available empirical data on program variables, with practical implications on frequency, intensity and type of exercise derived from unipolar depression studies. The aim of the current paper is to explore the relationship between exercise and bipolar disorder and potential mechanistic pathways. Given the high rate of medical co-morbidities experienced by people with bipolar disorder, it is possible that exercise is a potentially useful and important intervention with regard to general health benefits; however, further research is required to elucidate the impact of exercise on mood symptomology. © 2015 Thomson, Turner, Lauder, Gigler, Berk, Singh, Pasco, Berk and Sylvia.

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