- Title
- Environmental factors affecting the germination and emergence of white horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.) : A weed of arid-zone areas
- Creator
- Javaid, Muhammad; Florentine, Singarayer; Ali, Hafiz; Chauhan, Bhagirath
- Date
- 2018
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/164677
- Identifier
- vital:13099
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ17121
- Identifier
- ISBN:1036-9872
- Abstract
- White horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), is a troublesome weed of arid zones, particularly in cropping and grazing areas. Understanding the seed ecology of white horehound is relevant to its management. The present study investigated the effects of temperature, light, osmotic potential, salinity, pH, and seeding depth on seed germination and seedling emergence of white horehound. Seeds germinated over a wide range of temperatures, with highest germination (100%) occurring at 25/20°C in either 12-h alternating light/dark or complete darkness. Germination decreased from 92% to 10% as the osmotic potential decreased from 0 to minus 0.6MPa and germination was completely inhibited at minus 0.8MPa. Increasing concentration of sodium chloride (salinity) from 50 to 150mM reduced germination from 68% to 11% but was completely inhibited at 200mM. Germination was not limited by variation of pH in solutions of pH 5 to pH 10. Maximum germination (99%) occurred at pH 7, but slightly decreased (90%) in acidic or alkaline media. Surface located seeds were highly germinable (87%) where seedling emergence significantly declined as seeding depth increased from 0.5 to 3cm. Nil seedling emergence was occurred at 4cm burial depth. Light significantly affected germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time and germination index. Increasing osmotic and salinity stress both significantly increased the time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, but decreased germination index. Burial depth adversely affected seedling emergence with surface located seedlings emerging earlier (4.2 days) compared with 20 days for seeds buried at 3cm. Results suggest that effective management of white horehound should consider targeting surface located seeds in combination with tools that induce minimal soil disturbance, particularly in relatively non-saline environments.
- Publisher
- CSIRO
- Relation
- Rangeland Journal Vol. 40, no. 1 (2018), p. 47-54
- Rights
- Copyright © Australian Rangeland Society 2018.
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- MD Multidisciplinary; Burial depth; Photoperiod; Salt stress; Temperature
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