List of Titles

Weaker conditions for subdifferential calculus of convex functions

- Correa, Rafael, Hantoute, Abderrahim, López, Marco

Authors: Correa, Rafael , Hantoute, Abderrahim , López, Marco
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Functional Analysis Vol. 271, no. 5 (2016), p. 1177-1212
Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP160100854
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Description: In this paper we establish new rules for the calculus of the subdifferential mapping of the sum of two convex functions. Our results are established under conditions which are at an intermediate level of generality among those leading to the Hiriart-Urruty and Phelps formula (Hiriart-Urruty and Phelps, 1993 [15]), involving the approximate subdifferential, and the stronger assumption used in the well-known Moreau-Rockafellar formula (Rockafellar 1970, [23]; Moreau 1966, [20]), which only uses the exact subdifferential. We give an application to derive asymptotic optimality conditions for convex optimization.
Description: In this paper we establish new rules for the calculus of the subdifferential mapping of the sum of two convex functions. Our results are established under conditions which are at an intermediate level of generality among those leading to the Hiriart-Urruty and Phelps formula (Hiriart-Urruty and Phelps, 1993 [15]), involving the approximate subdifferential, and the stronger assumption used in the well-known Moreau-Rockafellar formula (Rockafellar 1970, [23]; Moreau 1966, [20]), which only uses the exact subdifferential. We give an application to derive asymptotic optimality conditions for convex optimization. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Why articles continue to be cited after they have been retracted : An audit of retraction notices

- Gray, Richard, Al-Ghareeb, Amal, McKenna, Lisa

Authors: Gray, Richard , Al-Ghareeb, Amal , McKenna, Lisa
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal of Nursing Studies Vol. 90, no. (2019), p. 11-12
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Description: Background: Papers continue to be cited by authors even after they have been retracted. Retraction notices provide readers with information about retracted papers and may help minimise post-retraction citation. To date, a review of the quality of retraction notices in nursing science has not been reported. Design: An audit of retraction notices associated with 29 retracted manuscripts published in nursing science journals. Methods: Retraction notices were reviewed again using the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. Results: In total, 28 retraction notices were retrieved and reviewed (one retracted paper did not have a retraction notice). Details of the retracted manuscripts were included in all reviewed notices and, in all but two, author names were reported. Details of the time between a paper being published and retracted were not reported and generally there was a little information in notices about how the retraction decisions were made. All retraction notices were freely available. Seven notices stated who had made the decision to retract. Twenty-two (77%) notices stated the reason for retraction. Notices were brief and contained factual information. The webpages of three retracted articles did not clearly indicate that the paper had been retracted. Conclusion: More detailed and informative retraction notices will inform readers and may help reduce post- retraction citation.

Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making

- Davis, Gavin, Makdissi, Michael

Authors: Davis, Gavin , Makdissi, Michael
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 19, no. 11 (2016), p. 898-902
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Description: Objectives: Video analysis can provide critical information to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of clinical decision-making in potential cases of concussion. The objective of this study was to validate a hierarchical flowchart for the assessment of video signs of concussion, and to determine whether its implementation could improve the process of game day video assessment. Methods: All impacts and collisions potentially resulting in a concussion were identified during 2012 and 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Consensus definitions were developed for clinical signs associated with concussion. A hierarchical flowchart was developed based on the reliability and validity of the video signs of concussion. Ninety videos were assessed, with 45 incidents of clinically confirmed concussion, and 45 cases where no concussion was sustained. Each video was examined using the hierarchical flowchart, and a single response was given for each video based on the highest-ranking element in the flowchart. Results: No protective action, impact seizure, motor incoordination or blank/vacant look were the highest ranked video signs in almost half of the clinically confirmed concussions, but in only 8.8% of non-concussed individuals. The presence of facial injury, clutching at the head and slow to get up were the highest ranked sign in 77.7% of non-concussed individuals. Conclusions: This study suggests that the implementation of a flowchart model could improve timely assessment of concussion, and it identifies the video signs that should trigger automatic removal from play. (C) 2016 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metal partitioning dynamics during the oxidation and acidification of sulfidic soil

- Claff, Salirian, Burton, Edward, Sullivan, Leigh, Bush, Richard

Authors: Claff, Salirian , Burton, Edward , Sullivan, Leigh , Bush, Richard
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Chemical Geology Vol. 286, no. 3-4 (2011), p. 146-157
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Description: The oxidation and acidification of sulfidic soil can lead to changes to metal mobility that can have far-reaching environmental consequences. In this study, we examined changes in the partitioning and mobility of Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in four sulfidic soils, due to sulphide oxidation driven acidification, over a 90. day period. These changes were examined using a novel six-step sequential extraction procedure specifically developed for acid sulphate soil materials. The results demonstrate two distinct steps for the mobilisation of metals in disturbed acid sulphate soil materials, associated with (i) oxidation and (ii) acidification. Initially, oxidation causes metals to be redistributed from the "pyritic" and "organic" fractions to the "acid-soluble" fraction. Subsequent acidification, due to exceedance of the acid neutralising capacity of the soil, drives the release of metals to the "labile" fraction. This study demonstrates the importance of these metal pools in understanding the short-term processes which mobilise metals in sulfidic soils. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Ambient temperature solubilisation of brown coal in ammonium carbamate ionic liquids

- Qi, Ying, Verheyen, Vincent, Vijayaraghavan, Ranganathan, MacFarlane, Douglas, Chaffee, Alan

Authors: Qi, Ying , Verheyen, Vincent , Vijayaraghavan, Ranganathan , MacFarlane, Douglas , Chaffee, Alan
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Fuel Vol. 166, no. (2016), p. 106-115
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Description: Coal solubilisation is often a necessary step for the alternative utilisation of the cheap and abundant brown coal resources in the State of Victoria, Australia, such as producing high quality fuel or chemicals. A series of ionic liquids (ILs), ammonium carbamates, formed by the association of carbon dioxide (CO2) with low molecular weight secondary amines, were investigated as solvents for the solubilisation of Victorian brown coal. The ionic liquid was mixed with a Loy Yang coal at a mass ratio of 20 to 1 (dry basis) for 24 h at ambient temperature. The solubilisation yields of the coal using three such ILs from dimethyl-, diallyl- and dipropyl-amines, respectively, were between 18% and 23%. Repeated solubilisation of the coal with fresh solvent achieved higher yields, with the highest at 66% by the carbamate formed from dimethylamine (DIMCARB). The variations in chemical structure between the products were compared by elemental analysis and a variety of spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, Solid State 13C NMR and Py-GC-MS). The soluble products of the initial solubilisation were more aliphatic than their parent coal. The less polar ILs formed from diallyl- and dipropyl-amines (DACARB and DPCARB) appeared to be more selective for high molecular weight triterpenoids than DIMCARB. Subsequent treatment tended to dissolve more aromatic components. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ritual, remembrance and war: Social memory at Tyne Cot

- Winter, Caroline

Authors: Winter, Caroline
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 54, no. September (2015), p. 16-29
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Description: One of the social memories of the Great War of 1914-1918 focused on soldiers killed in battle, with military cemeteries forming important sites for remembrance. This paper reports the results of an analysis of the visitor books at Tyne Cot Cemetery in Belgium, that was built by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission to hold almost 12,000 graves, most of which contain unidentified remains. Tourist's comments in the books evidenced a strong linguistic ritual, expressing sadness, gratitude, approval of the site and promises to remember and never forget the dead. Very little critique of war, or overt nationalistic sentiment was indicated. While some national preferences for ritualized phrases were shown, there was also an indication of a globally shared memory. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

A sequential extraction procedure for acid sulfate soils : Partitioning of iron

- Claff, Salirian, Sullivan, Leigh, Burton, Edward, Bush, Richard

Authors: Claff, Salirian , Sullivan, Leigh , Burton, Edward , Bush, Richard
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Geoderma Vol. 155, no. 3-4 (2010), p. 224-230
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Description: A new sequential extraction scheme for acid sulfate soil materials has been evaluated for iron partitioning in a range of synthetic iron-bearing minerals and natural acid sulfate soil materials. This sequential extraction procedure employs six steps to quantify (1) exchangeable (magnesium chloride extractable), (2) acid (hydrochloric acid) soluble, (3) reactive organic-bound (pyrophosphate extractable), (4) crystalline oxide (citrate buffered dithionite (CBD)) extractable, (5) pyrite-bound (nitric acid extractable) and (6) residual (acid/peroxide digestible) forms of iron. Given its intended use for acid sulfate soil materials that frequently contain pyrite, a primary aim of this new sequential extraction procedure was to differentiate iron bound in pyrite from iron contained in other minerals. The results demonstrated that dissolution of pyrite was effectively isolated in the pyrite-bound extraction step, with dissolution of other iron mineral phases (i.e. akaganeite, ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, jarosite, magnetite, and schwertmannite) occurring within the other five extraction steps. Following a systematic examination of these synthetic iron mineral phases, the sequential extraction scheme was applied to an acid sulfate soil profile, with detailed data presented for two soil layers: one representative of the sulfidic (unoxidised) conditions, and the other sulfuric (oxidised) conditions. Partitioning data for pyrite-bound iron in the acid sulfate soil profile showed good agreement with that calculated via the independently measured pyrite-bound reduced sulfur. This study indicates that the new sequential extraction procedure is suitable for the assessment of iron partitioning in acid sulfate soil materials. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rating teams’ non-technical skills in the emergency department : A qualitative study of nurses’ experience

- Porter, Joanne, Cant, Robyn, Cooper, Simon J.

Authors: Porter, Joanne , Cant, Robyn , Cooper, Simon J.
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Emergency Nursing Vol. 38, no. (2018), p. 15-20
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Description: Introduction: Non-technical skills (NTS) teamwork training can enhance clinicians’ understanding of roles and improve communication. We evaluated a quality improvement project rating teams’ NTS performance to determine the value of formal rating and debriefing processes. Methods: In two Australian emergency departments the NTS of resuscitation teams were rated by senior nurses and medical staff. Key measures were leadership, teamwork, and task management using a valid instrument: Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM™). Emergency nurses were asked to attend a focus group from which key themes around the quality improvement process were identified. Results: Main themes were: ‘Team composition’ (allocation of resuscitation team roles), ‘Resuscitation leadership’ (including both nursing and medical leadership roles) and ‘TEAM™ ratings promote reflective practice’ (providing staff a platform to discuss team effectiveness). Objective ratings were seen as enabling staff to provide feedback to other team members. Reflection on practice and debriefing were thought to improve communication, help define roles and responsibilities, and clarify leadership roles. Conclusion: Use of a non-technical skills rating scheme such as TEAM™ after team-based clinical resuscitation events was seen by emergency department nurses as feasible and a useful process for examining and improving multi-disciplinary practice, while improving team performance. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Modeling of multi-junction photovoltaic cell using MATLAB/Simulink to improve the conversion efficiency

- Das, Narottam, Wongsodihardjo, Hendy, Islam, Syed

Authors: Das, Narottam , Wongsodihardjo, Hendy , Islam, Syed
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Renewable Energy Vol. 74, no. (2015), p. 917-924
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Description: This paper focuses on modeling of multi-junction solar cell (MJSC) to improve the conversion efficiency using MATLAB/Simulink software. The multi-junction photovoltaic (PV) cell is investigated to obtain its maximum performance compare to the conventional silicon PV cell. MATLAB/Simulink modeled results show that tandem cell can provide almost 3-times maximum power compared to the conventional PV cells. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) has also been performed to improve the conversion efficiency of the PV systems. The MPPT is able to assist the PV cells to attain more power efficiently and deliver electricity to the grid.

Effect of sample pretreatment on the fractionation of Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Zn in acid sulfate soil materials

- Claff, Salirian, Burton, Edward, Sullivan, Leigh, Bush, Richard

Authors: Claff, Salirian , Burton, Edward , Sullivan, Leigh , Bush, Richard
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Geoderma Vol. 159, no. 1-2 (2010), p. 156-164
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Description: A sequential extraction procedure was applied to acid sulfate soil materials from a soil profile to investigate the effect of sample pretreatment on the geochemical fractionation of selected metals. The samples were prepared for analysis by oven-drying, sieving and grinding the soil, or were examined as collected in field condition. The soil profile encompassed oxidising conditions near the surface, through to reducing conditions at depth. Six metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Zn) were measured during the sequential extraction procedure, and their fractionation determined in the oxidised and in the reduced zone. Although cumulative totals (the sum of all steps in the sequential extraction procedure) for the metals extracted from both the field condition and dried/ground samples were similar, some significant differences in fractionation within individual extraction steps were observed. Of particular interest was the redistribution of metals from the sulfide-bearing (pyrite-bound) fraction to the more readily available fractions (i.e. labile and acid-soluble), as a result of oven-drying and grinding. The results indicate that when assessing metal fractionation in acid sulfate soil materials, samples should be analysed in field condition in order to avoid the considerable metal fractionation artifacts that are induced by drying and grinding. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

An initial experimental assessment of the influence of substrate depth on floral assemblage for extensive green roofs

- Olly, Luke, Bates, Adam, Sadler, Jon, Mackay, Rae

Authors: Olly, Luke , Bates, Adam , Sadler, Jon , Mackay, Rae
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening Vol. 10, no. 4 (2011), p. 311-316
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Description: Extensive green roofs have the potential to be used as mitigation tools to compensate for urban habitat loss, but there is little information about how closely these systems emulate ground-based habitats. This study investigated the effect of limited substrate depth on plant assemblages in the initial phase of growth in extensive green roof substrates. Five replicate mesocosms (1m 2) for each of three design treatments: (A) 10cm aggregate depth with green roof drainage and solid floor, (B) 15cm aggregate depth with green roof drainage and solid floor, and (C) 15cm aggregate depth on top of bare earth; were positioned at ground level. Each mesocosm had an identical growth substrate and was seeded with the same seed mix. Plant assemblages were analysed using point-quadrat methods. Significant differences in species composition were observed between treatments that seemed to be related to water availability. Even the deep (15cm) solid floor green roof treatment showed many significant differences in floral assemblage compared to the identical treatment (C) where plants had access to water in the soil profile. Therefore, it is not possible to exactly recreate most ground-based urban habitats on roofs by simply copying the soil characteristics and floral composition found on the ground. Like for mitigation for habitat loss using extensive green roofs requires the careful manipulation of design elements in order to counteract the limited water availability on green roofs. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.

Aerodynamics of ribbed bicycle racing helmets

- Alam, Firoz, Chowdhury, Harun, Wei, Hozhi, Mustary, Israt, Zimmer, Gary

Authors: Alam, Firoz , Chowdhury, Harun , Wei, Hozhi , Mustary, Israt , Zimmer, Gary
Date: 2014
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: 2014 Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association p. 691-696
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Description: In competitive cycling, aero-helmets have been used around since 1980 to reduce aerodynamic resistance. Considerable design effort has been made to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of racing bicycle helmets over the years. However, the demand for further improvement has forced helmet manufacturers and designers to introduce new designs progressively. Recently several helmet manufacturers (e.g., LG, Lazer and Giro) have introduced dimples on the outer shell of helmet mimicking the so called 'Golf-ball' dimple effects with a view to further reduce aerodynamic drag of the helmet. However, no independently verifiable research so far has been reported in the public domain about the aerodynamic performance of ribbed bicycle helmets compared to smooth surfaced helmets. Hence, the primary objective of this work was to undertake an experimental study on four smooth aero-helmets including two latest model ribbed aero-helmets to understand their aerodynamic performance and the effect of dimples on helmets. The investigation was undertaken in an wind tunnel environment over a range of wind speeds, pitch and yaw angles. The experimental data indicate no measurable advantage between the smooth and ribbed helmets under varied pitch angles and at zero yaw angle.

Biological and chemical treatment technologies for waste amines from CO₂ capture plants

- Ghayur, Adeel, Verheyen, Vincent, Meuleman, Erik

Authors: Ghayur, Adeel , Verheyen, Vincent , Meuleman, Erik
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 241, no. (2018), p. 514-524
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Description: Amine-based carbon dioxide capture is the most mature technology for reducing flue gas CO₂ emissions. It has been postulated and observed during commercialisation of this technology that significant quantities of waste amines are produced. Further industrial implementation of this technology requires adequate disposal or valorisation options for this waste. This review presents an analysis of seven biological and chemical technologies for waste amine amelioration or valorisation. Of these, the biological treatments are identified as being more mature for industrial application with the capacity for marketable product generation. Slow speed is the main drawback of the biological processes but this does not hinder their commercial viability. Using waste amine for NOx reduction in power stations is a secondary option, where it seems probable that the amount of waste amine generated in the CO₂ capture plant is sufficient to fulfil the DeNOx requirements of the flue gas. This route, however, requires investigation into the impact of waste amine impurities on the power station and the CO₂ capture plant operations.
Description: Amine-based carbon dioxide capture is the most mature technology for reducing flue gas CO emissions. It has been postulated and observed during commercialisation of this technology that significant quantities of waste amines are produced. Further industrial implementation of this technology requires adequate disposal or valorisation options for this waste. This review presents an analysis of seven biological and chemical technologies for waste amine amelioration or valorisation. Of these, the biological treatments are identified as being more mature for industrial application with the capacity for marketable product generation. Slow speed is the main drawback of the biological processes but this does not hinder their commercial viability. Using waste amine for NOx reduction in power stations is a secondary option, where it seems probable that the amount of waste amine generated in the CO capture plant is sufficient to fulfil the DeNOx requirements of the flue gas. This route, however, requires investigation into the impact of waste amine impurities on the power station and the CO capture plant operations.

Electrokinetics to modify strength characteristics of soft clayey soils : A laboratory based investigation

- Jayasekera, Samudra

Authors: Jayasekera, Samudra
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Electrochimica Acta Vol. 181, no. (2015), p. 39-47
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Description: The effects of Electrokinetic (EK) processing on compressive strength characteristics of two types of soils were investigated using laboratory experimental models. Soils were collected from soft alluvial soil deposit (Soil S1) and basaltic soil deposit (Soil S2) in central Victoria, Australia. A layer of soil was placed in glass tanks (90 cm × 18 cm plan area) and compacted to a known density and water content typical of field conditions. Using electrodes inserted into the soil, a direct current was passed across the soil under various voltage gradients (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 V/cm) for periods of 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Throughout the experimental duration, test samples were supplied with a continuous flow of water via the hollow core anode from external reservoirs. Unconfined compression (UC) tests were conducted on original (untreated) soils and EK processed soils. From the test results it is noted that, soil compressive strength increases with the increasing processing time and increasing voltage gradients, at various rates. Under certain voltage gradients and processing times, around 175% and 200% strength increases are observed. In general, stress increases of at least 30% or more are reported for both soils under all test conditions. It is apparent that the variation in strength can be attributed to several complex and interrelated processes that become active under EK processing. These may include, (i) Electroosmotic advection - When a soil is subjected to EK processing with an open electrode configuration, the water content of the soil varies predominantly due to the electroosmotic advection while natural drying and evaporation could also add to the decrease in water content to some extent, depending on the time and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. The test results show that with the decrease in water content, there is a corresponding increase in the strength. (ii) Electromigration - The electromigration of charged ions and their interaction with clay minerals can also affect the soil strength due to the variations in the DDL (Diffused Double Layer) ionic concentration and subsequent modifications in the soil structure. (iii) Ionic Diffusion and Aging - After the complete termination of EK processes, the ionic concentrations still continued to modify at a slower rate. This is considered to be due to the ionic diffusion. In this phase too, cementation bonds may continue to develop that could contribute to the increase in soil strength. During this period, two other processes, i.e. natural drying of soil and aging may continue that can also affect the variation of soil strength. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Galectin-11 : A novel host mediator targeting specific stages of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus

- Preston, Sarah, Beddoe, Travis, Walkden-Brown, Stephen, Meeusen, Els, Piedrafita, David

Authors: Preston, Sarah , Beddoe, Travis , Walkden-Brown, Stephen , Meeusen, Els , Piedrafita, David
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal for Parasitology Vol. 45, no. 12 (2015), p. 791-796
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Description: Galectin-11 is released from epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically following infection with gastrointestinal parasites including the highly pathogenic nematode, Haemonchus contortus. The function(s) of galectin-11 are currently unknown but seem to be associated with the development of immunity by the host. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction of galectin-11 with the different parasitic life cycle stages of H. contortus and determine any effects on parasite development. The results of this study showed that galectin-11 binds to the surface of the L4 and adult stages of the parasite but not to the exsheathed L3 stage. In addition, at a lower concentration, binding to the L4 was specifically localised to the pharynx region. Subsequent in vitro assays demonstrated significant inhibition of larval growth and development in the presence of recombinant galectin-11. These results indicate, to our knowledge for the first time, a functional role for galectin-11 in gastrointestinal nematode infection of ruminants and a mechanism of action of galectin-11, targeting the development and growth of the L4 and possibly the adult parasite stage. © 2015 .

A computational model to investigate the influence of electrode lengths on the single probe bipolar radiofrequency ablation of the liver

- Cheong, Jason, Yap, Shelley, Ooi, Ean Tat, Ooi, Ean Hin

Authors: Cheong, Jason , Yap, Shelley , Ooi, Ean Tat , Ooi, Ean Hin
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Vol. 176, no. (2019), p. 17-32
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Description: Background and objectives: Recently, there have been calls for RFA to be implemented in the bipolar mode for cancer treatment due to the benefits it offers over the monopolar mode. These include the ability to prevent skin burns at the grounding pad and to avoid tumour track seeding. The usage of bipolar RFA in clinical practice remains uncommon however, as not many research studies have been carried out on bipolar RFA. As such, there is still uncertainty in understanding the effects of the different RF probe configurations on the treatment outcome of RFA. This paper demonstrates that the electrode lengths have a strong influence on the mechanics of bipolar RFA. The information obtained here may lead to further optimization of the system for subsequent uses in the hospitals. Methods: A 2D model in the axisymmetric coordinates was developed to simulate the electro-thermophysiological responses of the tissue during a single probe bipolar RFA. Two different probe configurations were considered, namely the configuration where the active electrode is longer than the ground and the configuration where the ground electrode is longer than the active. The mathematical model was first verified with an existing experimental study found in the literature. Results: Results from the simulations showed that heating is confined only to the region around the shorter electrode, regardless of whether the shorter electrode is the active or the ground. Consequently, thermal coagulation also occurs in the region surrounding the shorter electrode. This opened up the possibility for a better customized treatment through the development of RF probes with adjustable electrode lengths. Conclusions: The electrode length was found to play a significant role on the outcome of single probe bipolar RFA. In particular, the length of the shorter electrode becomes the limiting factor that influences the mechanics of single probe bipolar RFA. Results from this study can be used to further develop and optimize bipolar RFA as an effective and reliable cancer treatment technique. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of sample preparation methods for the GC–MS analysis of monoethanolamine (MEA) degradation products generated during post-combustion capture of CO2

- Reynolds, Alicia, Verheyen, Vincent, Adeloju, Samuel, Chaffee, Alan, Meuleman, Erik

Authors: Reynolds, Alicia , Verheyen, Vincent , Adeloju, Samuel , Chaffee, Alan , Meuleman, Erik
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control Vol. 52, no. (2016), p. 201-214
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Description: As the development of chemical absorption technology for post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2 from coal-fired power station flue gases proceeds towards commercial deployment, the focus on establishing a thorough understanding of the degradation of the aqueous amine absorbents is increasing. However, there is a need to develop and demonstrate robust analytical methods that are capable of measuring the concentrations of amine degradation products in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) matrix during pilot-scale PCC. In this study, sample cleanup and derivatisation methods that enable reliable and robust analysis of MEA degradation products by GC–MS are described. Two sample cleanup methods were evaluated: dehydration (by rotary evaporation and molecular sieves) and cation exchange. The cation exchange sample preparation method was preferred for the analysis of organic degradation products in these samples because it achieved higher recovery and repeatability of GC–MS measurements than those obtained with the dehydration method. Furthermore, the cation exchange method resulted in less continued amine degradation during subsequent analysis steps because of its ability to separate acidic analytes from basic analytes, as well as to remove some inorganic interferences. Further improvement of the sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy of this GC–MS analytical method can be accomplished by: (a) increasing the scale of the cation exchange and/or derivatisation procedures; (b) optimizing the derivatisation reaction conditions; and (c) using a narrower bore (e.g. 0.25 mm ID) GC–MS column. The proposed cation exchange and derivatisation procedures can be readily adopted for the quantification of organic degradation products in other aqueous amine absorbents to provide important insights into the degradation of amine absorbents during PCC of CO2. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

An assessment of the utility and functionality of wearable head impact sensors in Australian Football

- McIntosh, Andrew, Willmott, Catherine, Patton, Declan, Mitra, Biswadev, Brennan, James, Dimech-Betancourt, Bleydy, Howard, Teresa, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey

Authors: McIntosh, Andrew , Willmott, Catherine , Patton, Declan , Mitra, Biswadev , Brennan, James , Dimech-Betancourt, Bleydy , Howard, Teresa , Rosenfeld, Jeffrey
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 22, no. 7 (2019), p. 784-789
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Description: Objectives: To assess the utility and functionality of the X-Patch® as a measurement tool to study head impact exposure in Australian Football. Accuracy, precision, reliability and validity were examined. Designs: Laboratory tests and prospective observational study. Methods: Laboratory tests on X-Patch® were undertaken using an instrumented Hybrid III head and neck and linear impactor. Differences between X-Patch® and reference data were analysed. Australian Football players wore the X-Patch® devices and games were video-recorded. Video recordings were analysed qualitatively for head impact events and these were correlated with X-Patch® head acceleration events. Wearability of the X-Patch® was assessed using the Comfort Rating Scale for Wearable Computers. Results: Laboratory head impacts, performed at multiple impact sites and velocities, identified significant correlations between headform-measured and device-measured kinematic parameters (p < 0.05 for all). On average, the X-Patch®-recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) was 17% greater than the reference PLA, 28% less for peak rotational acceleration (PRA) and 101% greater for the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). For video analysis, 118 head acceleration events (HAE) were included with PLA ≥30 g across 53 players. Video recordings of X-Patch®-measured HAEs (PLA ≥30 g) determined that 31.4% were direct head impacts, 9.3% were indirect impacts, 44.1% were unknown or unclear and 15.3% were neither direct nor indirect head impacts. The X-Patch® system was deemed wearable by 95–100% of respondents. Conclusions: This study reinforces evidence that use of the current X-Patch® devices should be limited to research only and in conjunction with video analysis.

Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD : A meta-analytic review

- Gomez, Rapson, Van Doorn, George, Watson, Shaun, Gomez, Andre, Stavropoulos, Vasileios

Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Van Doorn, George , Watson, Shaun , Gomez, Andre , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 107, no. (2017), p. 219-227
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Description: A meta-analysis of up to 20 datasets is reported that examined the relationships between Cloninger's personality dimensions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Cloninger's model comprises four temperament (Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and three character (Self-Directedness, Cooperation, and Self-Transcendence) dimensions. Major findings were that all personality dimensions, except Self-Transcendence, were significantly associated with ADHD. These associations had different directions and magnitudes of relationship with ADHD. The associations were especially strong for Novelty-Seeking and Self-Directedness, being positive for Novelty-Seeking and negative for Self-Directedness. In addition, the association between ADHD and Persistence was moderated by age (stronger in children than adults) and source (stronger in clinical samples than community samples). Further, the association between harm avoidance and ADHD was moderated by age (strong and significant in adults, but not significant in children). Findings are discussed in relation to past work and the different strengths of the associations found between Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD, developmental differences in these relationships, implications for theoretical models of ADHD, the influence of biological and environmental factors in the expression of ADHD, implications for treatment and diagnosis, and the underlying processes for the relationships between personality and ADHD. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Survival and fermentation activity of probiotic bacteria and oxidative stability of omega-3 oil in co-microcapsules during storage

- Eratte, Divya, Wang, Bo, Dowling, Kim, Barrow, Colin, Adhikari, Benu

Authors: Eratte, Divya , Wang, Bo , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Functional Foods Vol. 23, no. (2016), p. 485-496
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Description: Tuna oil (O) and probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei (P) were co-microencapsulated in whey protein isolate (WPI)-gum Arabic (GA) complex coacervate. The co-microcapsules (WPI-P-O-GA), L. casei microcapsules (WPI-P-GA) and tuna oil microcapsules (WPI-O-GA) were converted into powder using spray and freeze drying. The interaction between probiotic bacteria and omega-3 oil in co-microcapsules, particularly in terms of oxidative stability of omega-3 oil and vitality/viability of probiotic bacteria and any synergistic outcome, was studied. The effect of storage temperature (5 and 25 Â°C) and time (90 days) on the survival and fermentation activity of L. casei and oxidative stability of tuna oil in the microcapsules/co-microcapsules was determined. A synergism between oxidative stability of omega-3 oil and vitality of probiotic bacteria was observed, when they were co-microencapsulated and spray dried. These co-microcapsules will likely have utility in functional food formulations due to simple and cost effective stabilisation and delivery of two important functional ingredients. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.

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