Tropical cyclone climatology, variability, and trends in the Tonga region, Southwest Pacific
- Tu'uholoaki, Moleni, Singh, Awnesh, Espejo, Antonio, Chand, Savin, Damlamian, Herve
- Authors: Tu'uholoaki, Moleni , Singh, Awnesh , Espejo, Antonio , Chand, Savin , Damlamian, Herve
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Weather and Climate Extremes Vol. 37, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
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- Description: The focus of several past tropical cyclone (TC) studies in the Southwest Pacific (SWP) had been primarily at the regional scale, with little or no attention to the local-scale TC activity (i.e., at the country level). With the growing coastal population in the South Pacific Island countries, as well as increasing threats from and exposure to climate extremes mostly affecting vulnerable communities, examining TC-related risks at the country level is more imperative now than before. This study catalogues for the first time the climatology, variability and trends of TCs affecting Nuku'alofa, the capital of Tonga using the Southwest Pacific Enhanced Archived for Tropical Cyclone (SPEArTC) dataset for the period between 1970 and 2019. The variability is examined in relation to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is the major driver of the year-to-year variability of TC activity in the SWP. A total of 128 TC tracks affected the Tonga region over the study period, with a seasonal average of
- Authors: Tu'uholoaki, Moleni , Singh, Awnesh , Espejo, Antonio , Chand, Savin , Damlamian, Herve
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Weather and Climate Extremes Vol. 37, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The focus of several past tropical cyclone (TC) studies in the Southwest Pacific (SWP) had been primarily at the regional scale, with little or no attention to the local-scale TC activity (i.e., at the country level). With the growing coastal population in the South Pacific Island countries, as well as increasing threats from and exposure to climate extremes mostly affecting vulnerable communities, examining TC-related risks at the country level is more imperative now than before. This study catalogues for the first time the climatology, variability and trends of TCs affecting Nuku'alofa, the capital of Tonga using the Southwest Pacific Enhanced Archived for Tropical Cyclone (SPEArTC) dataset for the period between 1970 and 2019. The variability is examined in relation to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which is the major driver of the year-to-year variability of TC activity in the SWP. A total of 128 TC tracks affected the Tonga region over the study period, with a seasonal average of
Five insights from the global burden of disease study 2019
- Abbafati, Christiana, Machado, Daiane, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Salman, Omar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Abbafati, Christiana , Machado, Daiane , Cislaghi, Beniamino , Salman, Omar , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Vol. 396, no. 10258 (2020), p. 1135-1159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Abbafati, Christiana , Machado, Daiane , Cislaghi, Beniamino , Salman, Omar , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Vol. 396, no. 10258 (2020), p. 1135-1159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record**
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019 : an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Burkart, Katrin, Causey, Kate, Cohen, Aaron, Wozniak, Sarah, Salvi, Devashri, Abbafati, Cristiana, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adsuar, Jose, Ahmadi, Keivan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amegah, Adeladza, Andrei, Catalina, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Aripov, Timur, Babaee, Ebrahim, Banach, Maclej, Barnett, Anthony, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Béjot, Yannick, Bennett, Derrick, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Burkart, Katrin , Causey, Kate , Cohen, Aaron , Wozniak, Sarah , Salvi, Devashri , Abbafati, Cristiana , Adekanmbi, Victor , Adsuar, Jose , Ahmadi, Keivan , Alahdab, Fares , Al-Aly, Ziyad , Alipour, Vahid , Alvis-Guzman, Nelson , Amegah, Adeladza , Andrei, Catalina , Andrei, Tudorel , Ansari, Fereshteh , Arabloo, Jalal , Aremu, Olatunde , Aripov, Timur , Babaee, Ebrahim , Banach, Maclej , Barnett, Anthony , Bärnighausen, Till , Bedi, Neeraj , Behzadifar, Masoud , Béjot, Yannick , Bennett, Derrick , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Planetary Health Vol. 6, no. 7 (2022), p. e586-e600
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5. Interpretation: Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Burkart, Katrin , Causey, Kate , Cohen, Aaron , Wozniak, Sarah , Salvi, Devashri , Abbafati, Cristiana , Adekanmbi, Victor , Adsuar, Jose , Ahmadi, Keivan , Alahdab, Fares , Al-Aly, Ziyad , Alipour, Vahid , Alvis-Guzman, Nelson , Amegah, Adeladza , Andrei, Catalina , Andrei, Tudorel , Ansari, Fereshteh , Arabloo, Jalal , Aremu, Olatunde , Aripov, Timur , Babaee, Ebrahim , Banach, Maclej , Barnett, Anthony , Bärnighausen, Till , Bedi, Neeraj , Behzadifar, Masoud , Béjot, Yannick , Bennett, Derrick , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Planetary Health Vol. 6, no. 7 (2022), p. e586-e600
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5. Interpretation: Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman” is provided in this record**
Performance and cryptographic evaluation of security protocols in distributed networks using applied pi calculus and Markov Chain
- Edris, Ed, Aiash, Mahdi, Khoshkholghi, Mohammad, Naha, Ranesh, Chowdhury, Abdullahi, Loo, Jonathan
- Authors: Edris, Ed , Aiash, Mahdi , Khoshkholghi, Mohammad , Naha, Ranesh , Chowdhury, Abdullahi , Loo, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Internet of Things (Netherlands) Vol. 24, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The development of cryptographic protocols goes through two stages, namely, security verification and performance analysis. The verification of the protocol's security properties could be analytically achieved using threat modelling, or formally using formal methods and model checkers. The performance analysis could be mathematical or simulation-based. However, mathematical modelling is complicated and does not reflect the actual deployment environment of the protocol in the current state of the art. Simulation software provides scalability and can simulate complicated scenarios, however, there are times when it is not possible to use simulations due to a lack of support for new technologies or simulation scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a formal method and analytical model for evaluating the performance of security protocols using applied pi-calculus and Markov Chain processes. It interprets algebraic processes and associates cryptographic operatives with quantitative measures to estimate and evaluate cryptographic costs. With this approach, the protocols are presented as processes using applied pi-calculus, and their security properties are an approximate abstraction of protocol equivalence based on the verification from ProVerif and evaluated using analytical and simulation models for quantitative measures. The interpretation of the quantities is associated with process transitions, rates, and measures as a cost of using cryptographic primitives. This method supports users’ input in analysing the protocol's activities and performance. As a proof of concept, we deploy this approach to assess the performance of security protocols designed to protect large-scale, 5G-based Device-to-Device communications. We also conducted a performance evaluation of the protocols based on analytical and network simulator results to compare the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Edris, Ed , Aiash, Mahdi , Khoshkholghi, Mohammad , Naha, Ranesh , Chowdhury, Abdullahi , Loo, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Internet of Things (Netherlands) Vol. 24, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The development of cryptographic protocols goes through two stages, namely, security verification and performance analysis. The verification of the protocol's security properties could be analytically achieved using threat modelling, or formally using formal methods and model checkers. The performance analysis could be mathematical or simulation-based. However, mathematical modelling is complicated and does not reflect the actual deployment environment of the protocol in the current state of the art. Simulation software provides scalability and can simulate complicated scenarios, however, there are times when it is not possible to use simulations due to a lack of support for new technologies or simulation scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a formal method and analytical model for evaluating the performance of security protocols using applied pi-calculus and Markov Chain processes. It interprets algebraic processes and associates cryptographic operatives with quantitative measures to estimate and evaluate cryptographic costs. With this approach, the protocols are presented as processes using applied pi-calculus, and their security properties are an approximate abstraction of protocol equivalence based on the verification from ProVerif and evaluated using analytical and simulation models for quantitative measures. The interpretation of the quantities is associated with process transitions, rates, and measures as a cost of using cryptographic primitives. This method supports users’ input in analysing the protocol's activities and performance. As a proof of concept, we deploy this approach to assess the performance of security protocols designed to protect large-scale, 5G-based Device-to-Device communications. We also conducted a performance evaluation of the protocols based on analytical and network simulator results to compare the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2023 The Author(s)
Prior cancer diagnosis and mortality profile in US adults
- Wang, Yutang, Fang, Yan, Sobey, Christopher, Drummond, Grant
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of the Medical Sciences Vol. 365, no. 2 (2023), p. 176-183
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
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- Description: Background: Mortality profiles with multivariate adjustment in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate multivariate-adjusted mortality profile in US adults with a prior cancer diagnosis. Methods: This cohort study included 58,109 US adults (5,016 with a prior cancer diagnosis) who attended the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of prior cancer diagnosis for mortality. Results: This cohort was followed up for 646,033 person-years with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Compared with those without cancer, participants with a prior cancer diagnosis had increased crude cumulative mortality rates in each leading cause. Prior cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher multivariate-adjusted risk of mortality from all causes (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.35), cancer (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.10-2.56), and accidents (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.34-2.68). Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in accident mortality appeared only in males and was significant only in non-Hispanic black participants. Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in cancer mortality appeared high in non-Hispanic black participants. Conclusions: This study found that patients with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher multivariate-adjusted accident mortality risks, suggesting that oncologists may need to evaluate accident risks in cancer patients and provide preventive interventions in particular for male and non-Hispanic black patients. Increased cancer mortality risk associated with prior cancer diagnosis in non-Hispanic black participants may also need clinical attention. © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of the Medical Sciences Vol. 365, no. 2 (2023), p. 176-183
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Mortality profiles with multivariate adjustment in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate multivariate-adjusted mortality profile in US adults with a prior cancer diagnosis. Methods: This cohort study included 58,109 US adults (5,016 with a prior cancer diagnosis) who attended the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of prior cancer diagnosis for mortality. Results: This cohort was followed up for 646,033 person-years with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Compared with those without cancer, participants with a prior cancer diagnosis had increased crude cumulative mortality rates in each leading cause. Prior cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher multivariate-adjusted risk of mortality from all causes (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.35), cancer (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.10-2.56), and accidents (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.34-2.68). Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in accident mortality appeared only in males and was significant only in non-Hispanic black participants. Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in cancer mortality appeared high in non-Hispanic black participants. Conclusions: This study found that patients with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher multivariate-adjusted accident mortality risks, suggesting that oncologists may need to evaluate accident risks in cancer patients and provide preventive interventions in particular for male and non-Hispanic black patients. Increased cancer mortality risk associated with prior cancer diagnosis in non-Hispanic black participants may also need clinical attention. © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Maternal attachment state of mind and perinatal emotional wellbeing : findings from a pregnancy cohort study
- Galbally, Megan, Watson, Stuart, Lewis, Andrew, Power, Josephine, Buus, Niels, van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Authors: Galbally, Megan , Watson, Stuart , Lewis, Andrew , Power, Josephine , Buus, Niels , van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 333, no. (2023), p. 297-304
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Maternal attachment state of mind is an important potential predictor of risk and resilience to perinatal emotional wellbeing and early parenting. To explore maternal attachment in relation to perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. Methods: This study drew on data collected within an ongoing cohort from 170 women recruited in early pregnancy, including 67 who met criteria for Major Depression. Maternal attachment state of mind was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in pregnancy. Additional measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), at 12 months the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Parenting Stress Index, and antenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). Limitations: Sample size to be able to undertake all analyses using the 4 way classifications, cortisol measurement is limited to hair only and there is no prospectively collected measure of childhood trauma in mothers. Conclusions: This study found that maternal attachment, specifically the Non-Autonomous states of mind, adjusted for clinical depression, was associated with higher cortisol in pregnancy and higher depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the postpartum. Furthermore, separately those with depression and Non-Autonomous states of mind also had higher postpartum parenting stress. There was no significant intergenerational concordance between AAI and SSP attachment classifications. Our findings support future research exploring the role of maternal attachment state of mind in understanding perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Galbally, Megan , Watson, Stuart , Lewis, Andrew , Power, Josephine , Buus, Niels , van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 333, no. (2023), p. 297-304
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Maternal attachment state of mind is an important potential predictor of risk and resilience to perinatal emotional wellbeing and early parenting. To explore maternal attachment in relation to perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. Methods: This study drew on data collected within an ongoing cohort from 170 women recruited in early pregnancy, including 67 who met criteria for Major Depression. Maternal attachment state of mind was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in pregnancy. Additional measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), at 12 months the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Parenting Stress Index, and antenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). Limitations: Sample size to be able to undertake all analyses using the 4 way classifications, cortisol measurement is limited to hair only and there is no prospectively collected measure of childhood trauma in mothers. Conclusions: This study found that maternal attachment, specifically the Non-Autonomous states of mind, adjusted for clinical depression, was associated with higher cortisol in pregnancy and higher depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the postpartum. Furthermore, separately those with depression and Non-Autonomous states of mind also had higher postpartum parenting stress. There was no significant intergenerational concordance between AAI and SSP attachment classifications. Our findings support future research exploring the role of maternal attachment state of mind in understanding perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Afzaal, Hamra, Imran, Muhammad, Janjua, Muhammad
- Authors: Afzaal, Hamra , Imran, Muhammad , Janjua, Muhammad
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computer Communications Vol. 192, no. (2022), p. 384-401
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Crowdsourcing is a potential computing paradigm that exploits collective human intelligence to solve complex tasks, but it suffers from various safety and security problems. Blockchain has emerged as a promising technology to address most of the security issues, however, it is challenging to find an appropriate and trusted blockchain-based consensus protocol for crowdsourcing services. This work proposes a novel Trust-based Blockchain Crowdsourcing consensus protocol that selects a leader and validators based on various trust factors. The proposed protocol addresses a major issue of ensuring correctness associated with the safety and security-critical systems which has a vital importance because failure of such systems may lead to adverse consequences. Mainly it is focused on persistence and liveness properties preventing invalid block insertion and consensus delay attacks. Model checking technique is utilized because of its effectiveness and automatic nature to perform formal verification. The proposed protocol is specified using Communicating Sequential Programs, and the persistence and liveness properties are specified through Linear Temporal Logic. The model verification is performed by giving the formal model and the properties as input to the Process Analysis Toolkit which checks for the satisfaction or violation of the properties. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
- Nguyen, Duc, Javidan, Fatemeh, Attar, Mohammadmahdi, Natarajan, Sundararajan, Yang, Zhenjun, Ooi, Ean Hin, Song, Chongmin, Ooi, Ean Tat
- Authors: Nguyen, Duc , Javidan, Fatemeh , Attar, Mohammadmahdi , Natarajan, Sundararajan , Yang, Zhenjun , Ooi, Ean Hin , Song, Chongmin , Ooi, Ean Tat
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Vol. 118, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper develops the scaled boundary finite element method to analyse fracture of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic materials. Polygon meshes are employed to discretize the domain. No asymptotic solution, local mesh refinement or other special treatments around a crack tip are required to calculate the intensity factors. When the material gradients of the coefficients in the constitutive matrix are expressed as a series of power functions of the scaled boundary coordinates, the stiffness matrices can be integrated analytically. The formulation enables the generalized intensity factors of stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction fields along the radial direction to be represented analytically. This permits the calculation of the generalized intensity factors directly from the scaled boundary finite element solution of the singular stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction fields by following the standard stress recovery procedures in the finite element method. Several numerical benchmarks are presented to validate the proposed technique with the results reported in the literature. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
- Krevh, Vedran, Filipović, Vilim, Filipović, Lana, Mateković, Valentina, Petošić, Dragutin, Mustać, Ivan, Ondrašek, Gabrijel, Bogunović, Igor, Kovač, Zoran, Pereira, Paulo, Sasidharan, Salini, He, Hailong, Groh, Jannis, Stumpp, Christine, Brunetti, Giuseppe
- Authors: Krevh, Vedran , Filipović, Vilim , Filipović, Lana , Mateković, Valentina , Petošić, Dragutin , Mustać, Ivan , Ondrašek, Gabrijel , Bogunović, Igor , Kovač, Zoran , Pereira, Paulo , Sasidharan, Salini , He, Hailong , Groh, Jannis , Stumpp, Christine , Brunetti, Giuseppe
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Catena Vol. 211, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study aims to explain complex vadose zone hydrology of fine-textured (gley) agricultural soils influenced by a shallow and dynamic groundwater (GW) levels. The field site was located in the Bi
The PNG midwifery leadership buddy program : an evaluation
- Hall, Helen, Mahmood, Mohammad, Sitaing, Mary, Aines, Paula, Cant, Robyn, Crawford, Kimberley
- Authors: Hall, Helen , Mahmood, Mohammad , Sitaing, Mary , Aines, Paula , Cant, Robyn , Crawford, Kimberley
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 36, no. 5 (2023), p. e536-e543
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Problem: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high rate of preventable maternal and neonatal deaths. Background: Developing midwifery leadership is vital to addressing the current deficits in health outcomes for women and their babies. The PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program responds to this need through leadership training and partnering of midwives across PNG and Australia. Participants in the program undertake a workshop in Port Moresby and commit to a 12-month peer support relationship with a midwife ‘buddy’. Aim: To evaluate participants’ experiences of the Buddy Program and the impact of the program on leadership skills. Methods: All 23 midwives who had completed the program were invited to participate in the evaluation. The study used a concurrent mixed methods approach. Qualitative data were collected via interviews and then thematically analysed. Quantitative data were collected via a survey and analysed with descriptive statistics, then findings were triangulated. Findings: Participants reported increased confidence for leadership, action and advocacy. Numerous quality improvement projects were implemented in health services in PNG. Challenges to the success of the program included technological limitations, cultural differences and the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: Participants reported the PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program was successful in increasing their leadership skills and collaborative opportunities, as well as strengthening midwifery more broadly. While there were barriers, most participants valued the experience and believed it benefited them professionally and personally Conclusion: The Buddy Program provides a practical model for building midwifery leadership capacity that may be transferrable to other contexts. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Hall, Helen , Mahmood, Mohammad , Sitaing, Mary , Aines, Paula , Cant, Robyn , Crawford, Kimberley
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Women and Birth Vol. 36, no. 5 (2023), p. e536-e543
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Problem: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high rate of preventable maternal and neonatal deaths. Background: Developing midwifery leadership is vital to addressing the current deficits in health outcomes for women and their babies. The PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program responds to this need through leadership training and partnering of midwives across PNG and Australia. Participants in the program undertake a workshop in Port Moresby and commit to a 12-month peer support relationship with a midwife ‘buddy’. Aim: To evaluate participants’ experiences of the Buddy Program and the impact of the program on leadership skills. Methods: All 23 midwives who had completed the program were invited to participate in the evaluation. The study used a concurrent mixed methods approach. Qualitative data were collected via interviews and then thematically analysed. Quantitative data were collected via a survey and analysed with descriptive statistics, then findings were triangulated. Findings: Participants reported increased confidence for leadership, action and advocacy. Numerous quality improvement projects were implemented in health services in PNG. Challenges to the success of the program included technological limitations, cultural differences and the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: Participants reported the PNG Midwifery Leadership Buddy Program was successful in increasing their leadership skills and collaborative opportunities, as well as strengthening midwifery more broadly. While there were barriers, most participants valued the experience and believed it benefited them professionally and personally Conclusion: The Buddy Program provides a practical model for building midwifery leadership capacity that may be transferrable to other contexts. © 2023 The Authors
In search of pragmatic soil moisture mapping at the field scale : a review
- Weir, Peter, Dahlhaus, Peter
- Authors: Weir, Peter , Dahlhaus, Peter
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Smart Agricultural Technology Vol. 6, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Soil moisture is a major limiting factor in most dryland agricultural production systems around the globe. In dryland agriculture the amount of water available to grow a crop is determined primarily by the in-season rainfall and the amount of water stored in the soil profile prior to seeding of the crop. Soil water content and water storage capacity are key parameters. Soil moisture data measurements are a compromise between the spatial scale of the investigated site, the required spatial resolution, and the depth of investigation of the applied method. A bibliographic search of the measurement of soil moisture content at field-scale was done, giving an overview of current practices available to determine the spatial variability within a field, and its applicability to farm management practices. Articles published between April 2013 and March 2023 were searched, retaining only the articles with horizontal resolution less than or equal to 100 m, minimum vertical support at a depth greater than or equal to 30 cm from the soil surface, a minimum of two vertical layer depths, and the topic of the document was associated with the measurement of soil moisture at field-scale. The results of this review highlight progress in the past decade but currently there is no one method that can achieve absolute continuous spatial soil moisture in 3D at the field level. Some areas of research show promise but is still some distance away from a reliable, timely, and accurate soil moisture mapping required for many extensive dryland farming systems. © 2023
- Authors: Weir, Peter , Dahlhaus, Peter
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Smart Agricultural Technology Vol. 6, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Soil moisture is a major limiting factor in most dryland agricultural production systems around the globe. In dryland agriculture the amount of water available to grow a crop is determined primarily by the in-season rainfall and the amount of water stored in the soil profile prior to seeding of the crop. Soil water content and water storage capacity are key parameters. Soil moisture data measurements are a compromise between the spatial scale of the investigated site, the required spatial resolution, and the depth of investigation of the applied method. A bibliographic search of the measurement of soil moisture content at field-scale was done, giving an overview of current practices available to determine the spatial variability within a field, and its applicability to farm management practices. Articles published between April 2013 and March 2023 were searched, retaining only the articles with horizontal resolution less than or equal to 100 m, minimum vertical support at a depth greater than or equal to 30 cm from the soil surface, a minimum of two vertical layer depths, and the topic of the document was associated with the measurement of soil moisture at field-scale. The results of this review highlight progress in the past decade but currently there is no one method that can achieve absolute continuous spatial soil moisture in 3D at the field level. Some areas of research show promise but is still some distance away from a reliable, timely, and accurate soil moisture mapping required for many extensive dryland farming systems. © 2023
Management using continence products : report of the 7th international consultation on incontinence
- Murphy, Cathy, Fader, Mandy, Bliss, Donna, Buckley, Brian, Cockerell, Rowan, Cottenden, Alan, Kottner, Jan, Ostaszkiewicz, Joan
- Authors: Murphy, Cathy , Fader, Mandy , Bliss, Donna , Buckley, Brian , Cockerell, Rowan , Cottenden, Alan , Kottner, Jan , Ostaszkiewicz, Joan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Continence Vol. 8, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: To summarise the available evidence on the use of continence products to manage urinary or faecal incontinence published since the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (2017) and provide key recommendations for the use of products in each group. Methods: A series of systematic reviews (grouped according to pre-determined topics) and evidence updates were undertaken and reported descriptively by members of an international committee to update the 6th Consultation. Results: The available evidence is presented for 13 categories of continence management products. Some categories (female mechanical urinary incontinence devices, products for preventing/treating incontinence-associated dermatitis and urinary catheters) had at least one new randomised controlled trial. Other categories had small-scale or qualitative studies, reviews or no new associated evidence. A summary of key research priorities is provided. Discussion: This paper provides a summary of the evidence available for a range of continence management products. Some product categories have a larger body of new and existing evidence than others, but there continues to be a lack of research to guide decision-making on the wide range of continence management products. Clinicians and other decision-makers remain largely dependent on expert opinion and individual user circumstances and preferences. We summarise specific areas where more. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Murphy, Cathy , Fader, Mandy , Bliss, Donna , Buckley, Brian , Cockerell, Rowan , Cottenden, Alan , Kottner, Jan , Ostaszkiewicz, Joan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Continence Vol. 8, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: To summarise the available evidence on the use of continence products to manage urinary or faecal incontinence published since the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (2017) and provide key recommendations for the use of products in each group. Methods: A series of systematic reviews (grouped according to pre-determined topics) and evidence updates were undertaken and reported descriptively by members of an international committee to update the 6th Consultation. Results: The available evidence is presented for 13 categories of continence management products. Some categories (female mechanical urinary incontinence devices, products for preventing/treating incontinence-associated dermatitis and urinary catheters) had at least one new randomised controlled trial. Other categories had small-scale or qualitative studies, reviews or no new associated evidence. A summary of key research priorities is provided. Discussion: This paper provides a summary of the evidence available for a range of continence management products. Some product categories have a larger body of new and existing evidence than others, but there continues to be a lack of research to guide decision-making on the wide range of continence management products. Clinicians and other decision-makers remain largely dependent on expert opinion and individual user circumstances and preferences. We summarise specific areas where more. © 2023 The Authors
Numerical study on fatigue behavior and strengthening of steel pipes with a surface crack
- Wang, Gang, Li, Zhuxuan, Chen, Tao, Peng, Peichen, Xiao, Zhigang
- Authors: Wang, Gang , Li, Zhuxuan , Chen, Tao , Peng, Peichen , Xiao, Zhigang
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Vol. 127, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Recently, metallic pipes have been extensively utilized in civil and marine engineering, whereas surface cracks are quintessential flaws of steel pipes, the emergence of which may trigger fatigue failure. The work of this paper is mainly a numerical study on the fatigue behavior and strengthening of steel pipes with a part-through circumferential crack under four-point bending. A crack propagation model was proposed, and the corresponding surface crack growth simulation was subsequently implemented through finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with Python scripting. The numerical models, including unrepaired and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)-repaired pipes, were further validated by evaluating the fatigue life and stress intensity factor (SIF). Based on the verified models, case studies were conducted, and two parameters, which are initial crack sizes and CFRP layer number, were quantitatively analyzed to assess their influence on SIFs along the crack tip, surface crack propagation, and the development of crack aspect ratio. The results reveal that initial crack sizes have an impact on the fatigue behavior of steel pipe to varying extents, especially on the SIF, crack propagation rate, and tendency of crack aspect ratio development, however, the final crack aspect ratio is largely unaffected. Moreover, reinforcing with CFRP can substantially reduce the SIF, enlarge the crack aspect ratio, and reduce the crack propagation rate, thereby dramatically extending the fatigue life. This study can serve as a reference for future research or design regarding the fatigue of steel pipe. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
- Iqbal, M., Birk, Carolin, Ooi, Ean Tat, Natarajan, Sundararajan, Gravenkamp, Hauke
- Authors: Iqbal, M. , Birk, Carolin , Ooi, Ean Tat , Natarajan, Sundararajan , Gravenkamp, Hauke
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Vol. 127, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: To model fracture in functionally graded materials (FGMs), the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is extended to examine the effects of fully coupled transient thermoelasticity. Previously developed SBFEM supplementary shape functions are utilized to model thermal stresses. The spatial variation of thermal and mechanical properties of FGMs are approximated by polynomial functions facilitating the semi-analytical evaluation of coefficient matrices. The dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs) are also evaluated semi-analytically from their definitions without the need for additional post-processing. Scaled boundary polygon elements are employed to facilitate the meshing of complex crack geometries. Both isotropic and orthotropic materials with different material gradation functions are considered. To study the transient effects of thermoelasticity on fracture parameters, several numerical examples with different crack configurations and boundary conditions are considered. The current approach is validated by comparing the results of dynamic SIFs with available reference solutions. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Defending SDN against packet injection attacks using deep learning
- Phu, Anh, Li, Bo, Ullah, Faheem, Ul Huque, Tanvir, Naha, Ranesh, Babar, Muhammad, Nguyen, Hung
- Authors: Phu, Anh , Li, Bo , Ullah, Faheem , Ul Huque, Tanvir , Naha, Ranesh , Babar, Muhammad , Nguyen, Hung
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computer Networks Vol. 234, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The (logically) centralized architecture of software-defined networks makes them an easy target for packet injection attacks. In these attacks, the attacker injects malicious packets into the SDN network to affect the services and performance of the SDN controller and overflows the capacity of the SDN switches. Such attacks have been shown to ultimately stop the network functioning in real-time, leading to network breakdowns. There have been significant works on detecting and defending against similar DoS attacks in non-SDN networks, but detection and protection techniques for SDN against packet injection attacks are still in their infancy. Furthermore, many of the proposed solutions have been shown to be easily bypassed by simple modifications to the attacking packets or by altering the attacking profile. In this paper, we develop novel Graph Convolutional Neural Network models and algorithms for grouping network nodes/users into security classes by learning from network data. We start with two simple classes — nodes that engage in suspicious packet injection attacks and nodes that are not. From these classes, we then partition the network into separate segments with different security policies using distributed Ryu controllers in an SDN network. We show in experiments on an emulated SDN that our detection solution outperforms alternative approaches with above 99% detection accuracy for various types (both old and new) of injection attacks. More importantly, our mitigation solution maintains continuous functions of non-compromised nodes while isolating compromised/suspicious nodes in real-time. All code and data are publicly available for the reproducibility of our results. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Phu, Anh , Li, Bo , Ullah, Faheem , Ul Huque, Tanvir , Naha, Ranesh , Babar, Muhammad , Nguyen, Hung
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computer Networks Vol. 234, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The (logically) centralized architecture of software-defined networks makes them an easy target for packet injection attacks. In these attacks, the attacker injects malicious packets into the SDN network to affect the services and performance of the SDN controller and overflows the capacity of the SDN switches. Such attacks have been shown to ultimately stop the network functioning in real-time, leading to network breakdowns. There have been significant works on detecting and defending against similar DoS attacks in non-SDN networks, but detection and protection techniques for SDN against packet injection attacks are still in their infancy. Furthermore, many of the proposed solutions have been shown to be easily bypassed by simple modifications to the attacking packets or by altering the attacking profile. In this paper, we develop novel Graph Convolutional Neural Network models and algorithms for grouping network nodes/users into security classes by learning from network data. We start with two simple classes — nodes that engage in suspicious packet injection attacks and nodes that are not. From these classes, we then partition the network into separate segments with different security policies using distributed Ryu controllers in an SDN network. We show in experiments on an emulated SDN that our detection solution outperforms alternative approaches with above 99% detection accuracy for various types (both old and new) of injection attacks. More importantly, our mitigation solution maintains continuous functions of non-compromised nodes while isolating compromised/suspicious nodes in real-time. All code and data are publicly available for the reproducibility of our results. © 2023 The Author(s)
Potential contributions of the soil seed bank and seed rain for accelerating the restoration of riparian catchments in Australia
- Florentine, Singarayer, Milberg, Per, Westbrooke, Martin
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Milberg, Per , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Global Ecology and Conservation Vol. 47, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The quality and quantity of soil seed bank composition can play a key role in secondary succession restoration efforts such as those involved in this study, which concerned the restoration of damaged native sites in riparian environments in Victoria, Australia. The objective of this study of the restoration work was to determine the role played by naturally existing soil seed bank in the success of natural restoration in these restored and unmanaged riparian areas. In this regard, we sampled the soil seed bank, seed rain, seedlings in the field and vegetation cover from three sub catchments defined by restoration attempts which had been conducted (i) < 3 years, (ii) 4–8 years, and (iii) > 9 years previous to sampling. In addition, (iv) in order to provide comparative data, adjacent sites (iv) chosen for future restoration and (v) with remnant vegetation, were also sampled. From samples, a total of 8858 seedlings were recorded from the seed bank and the vegetation survey showed 170 species, with exotic species being more numerous than native. The seed rain (a total of 1422 seeds) was dominated by exotic species at all sites. When comparing the vegetation distribution and the seed rain composition, it was clear that whilst the seed bank was more promising as a comparative recruitment source of native species, there were still too many sites dominated by exotic species to rely on this as a long-term restoration strategy. However, this study indicated that there were significant variations in restoration potential among the sites, suggesting that some careful prior site selection for investment of restoration efforts is an important issue. As a consequence, we have recommended that a detailed understanding of the soil seed bank and seed rain species composition prior to the restoration is essential, since a positive seed bank composition with a significant relative density of native species seeds, will provide an indication of native species’ resilience and their potential for recovery. We therefore believe that the findings of this study will provide valuable information to natural resource management agencies regarding the strategy for prioritisation of restoration sites, which will be more beneficial than randomly selecting sites for habitat restoration. In addition, with successful sector restoration, it is expected that the increasing usefulness of the seed bank will allow further restoration of adjacent areas with time. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Milberg, Per , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Global Ecology and Conservation Vol. 47, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The quality and quantity of soil seed bank composition can play a key role in secondary succession restoration efforts such as those involved in this study, which concerned the restoration of damaged native sites in riparian environments in Victoria, Australia. The objective of this study of the restoration work was to determine the role played by naturally existing soil seed bank in the success of natural restoration in these restored and unmanaged riparian areas. In this regard, we sampled the soil seed bank, seed rain, seedlings in the field and vegetation cover from three sub catchments defined by restoration attempts which had been conducted (i) < 3 years, (ii) 4–8 years, and (iii) > 9 years previous to sampling. In addition, (iv) in order to provide comparative data, adjacent sites (iv) chosen for future restoration and (v) with remnant vegetation, were also sampled. From samples, a total of 8858 seedlings were recorded from the seed bank and the vegetation survey showed 170 species, with exotic species being more numerous than native. The seed rain (a total of 1422 seeds) was dominated by exotic species at all sites. When comparing the vegetation distribution and the seed rain composition, it was clear that whilst the seed bank was more promising as a comparative recruitment source of native species, there were still too many sites dominated by exotic species to rely on this as a long-term restoration strategy. However, this study indicated that there were significant variations in restoration potential among the sites, suggesting that some careful prior site selection for investment of restoration efforts is an important issue. As a consequence, we have recommended that a detailed understanding of the soil seed bank and seed rain species composition prior to the restoration is essential, since a positive seed bank composition with a significant relative density of native species seeds, will provide an indication of native species’ resilience and their potential for recovery. We therefore believe that the findings of this study will provide valuable information to natural resource management agencies regarding the strategy for prioritisation of restoration sites, which will be more beneficial than randomly selecting sites for habitat restoration. In addition, with successful sector restoration, it is expected that the increasing usefulness of the seed bank will allow further restoration of adjacent areas with time. © 2023 The Authors
The linkedness of cubical polytopes : beyond the cube
- Bui, Hoa, Pineda-Villavicencio, Guillermo, Ugon, Julien
- Authors: Bui, Hoa , Pineda-Villavicencio, Guillermo , Ugon, Julien
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Discrete Mathematics Vol. 347, no. 3 (2024), p.
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP180100602
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A cubical polytope is a polytope with all its facets being combinatorially equivalent to cubes. The paper is concerned with the linkedness of the graphs of cubical polytopes. A graph with at least 2k vertices is k-linked if, for every set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, there are k vertex-disjoint paths joining the vertices in the pairs. We say that a polytope is k-linked if its graph is k-linked. In a previous paper [3] we proved that every cubical d-polytope is ⌊d/2⌋-linked. Here we strengthen this result by establishing the ⌊(d+1)/2⌋-linkedness of cubical d-polytopes, for every d≠3. A graph G is strongly k-linked if it has at least 2k+1 vertices and, for every vertex v of G, the subgraph G−v is k-linked. We say that a polytope is (strongly) k-linked if its graph is (strongly) k-linked. In this paper, we also prove that every cubical d-polytope is strongly ⌊d/2⌋-linked, for every d≠3. These results are best possible for this class of polytopes.
- Description: A cubical polytope is a polytope with all its facets being combinatorially equivalent to cubes. The paper is concerned with the linkedness of the graphs of cubical polytopes. A graph with at least 2k vertices is k-linked if, for every set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, there are k vertex-disjoint paths joining the vertices in the pairs. We say that a polytope is k-linked if its graph is k-linked. In a previous paper [3] we proved that every cubical d-polytope is
- Authors: Bui, Hoa , Pineda-Villavicencio, Guillermo , Ugon, Julien
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Discrete Mathematics Vol. 347, no. 3 (2024), p.
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP180100602
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A cubical polytope is a polytope with all its facets being combinatorially equivalent to cubes. The paper is concerned with the linkedness of the graphs of cubical polytopes. A graph with at least 2k vertices is k-linked if, for every set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, there are k vertex-disjoint paths joining the vertices in the pairs. We say that a polytope is k-linked if its graph is k-linked. In a previous paper [3] we proved that every cubical d-polytope is ⌊d/2⌋-linked. Here we strengthen this result by establishing the ⌊(d+1)/2⌋-linkedness of cubical d-polytopes, for every d≠3. A graph G is strongly k-linked if it has at least 2k+1 vertices and, for every vertex v of G, the subgraph G−v is k-linked. We say that a polytope is (strongly) k-linked if its graph is (strongly) k-linked. In this paper, we also prove that every cubical d-polytope is strongly ⌊d/2⌋-linked, for every d≠3. These results are best possible for this class of polytopes.
- Description: A cubical polytope is a polytope with all its facets being combinatorially equivalent to cubes. The paper is concerned with the linkedness of the graphs of cubical polytopes. A graph with at least 2k vertices is k-linked if, for every set of k disjoint pairs of vertices, there are k vertex-disjoint paths joining the vertices in the pairs. We say that a polytope is k-linked if its graph is k-linked. In a previous paper [3] we proved that every cubical d-polytope is
Emerging point of care devices and artificial intelligence : prospects and challenges for public health
- Stranieri, Andrew, Venkatraman, Sitalakshmi, Minicz, John, Zarnegar, Armita, Firmin, Sally, Balasubramanian, Venki, Jelinek, Herbert
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Venkatraman, Sitalakshmi , Minicz, John , Zarnegar, Armita , Firmin, Sally , Balasubramanian, Venki , Jelinek, Herbert
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Smart Health Vol. 24, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Risk assessments for numerous conditions can now be performed cost-effectively and accurately using emerging point of care devices coupled with machine learning algorithms. In this article, the case is advanced that point of care testing in combination with risk assessments generated with artificial intelligence algorithms, applied to the universal screening of the general public for multiple conditions at one session, represents a new kind of in-expensive screening that can lead to the early detection of disease and other public health benefits. A case study of a diabetes screening clinic in a rural area of Australia is presented to illustrate its benefits. Universal, poly-aetiological screening is shown to meet the ten World Health Organisation criteria for screening programmes. © Elsevier Inc.
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Venkatraman, Sitalakshmi , Minicz, John , Zarnegar, Armita , Firmin, Sally , Balasubramanian, Venki , Jelinek, Herbert
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Smart Health Vol. 24, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Risk assessments for numerous conditions can now be performed cost-effectively and accurately using emerging point of care devices coupled with machine learning algorithms. In this article, the case is advanced that point of care testing in combination with risk assessments generated with artificial intelligence algorithms, applied to the universal screening of the general public for multiple conditions at one session, represents a new kind of in-expensive screening that can lead to the early detection of disease and other public health benefits. A case study of a diabetes screening clinic in a rural area of Australia is presented to illustrate its benefits. Universal, poly-aetiological screening is shown to meet the ten World Health Organisation criteria for screening programmes. © Elsevier Inc.
Conserving focal insect groups in woodland remnants : the role of landscape context and habitat structure on cross-taxonomic congruence
- Yong, Ding, Barton, Philip, Okada, Sachiko, Crane, Mason, Cunningham, Saul, Lindenmayer, David
- Authors: Yong, Ding , Barton, Philip , Okada, Sachiko , Crane, Mason , Cunningham, Saul , Lindenmayer, David
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecological Indicators Vol. 115, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Determining the shared responses of different taxa to landscape modification is a key step for identifying which groups of species are good surrogates for other groups. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the spatial processes that drive cross-taxonomic congruence of diversity and how this knowledge can be used to improve the management of modified landscapes for biodiversity, especially insects. We investigated how assemblages of two ecologically important insect groups, wild bees and beetles, respond to different landscape contexts and habitat structure in an Australian agricultural landscape, and how this, in turn, influenced either group's potential as a surrogate for the other. Bee and ground-active beetle assemblages were sampled in remnant woodland patches in two landscape contexts: woodland patches surrounded by pine plantation and woodland patches surrounded by open grazing land. Bee species richness, and the richness of functionally-defined bee groups did not differ between landscape contexts, in contrast to beetles. We found that landscape context exerted a stronger effect on species composition than species richness of both groups. Although some landscape and habitat variables were useful in predicting the diversity of both insect groups, few were shared. Our findings showed that bee and beetles are poor surrogates for each other in landscapes that are highly modified. Our study highlighted the need to consider: (1) taxon-specific responses to landscape context, (2) the influence of different metrics of cross-taxonomic surrogacy and, (3) dissimilar ecological attributes among insect taxa when selecting insects as biodiversity surrogates. It should not be assumed that agricultural landscapes managed to conserve specific insects (e.g. bees) will necessarily benefit other insects. © 2020
- Authors: Yong, Ding , Barton, Philip , Okada, Sachiko , Crane, Mason , Cunningham, Saul , Lindenmayer, David
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ecological Indicators Vol. 115, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Determining the shared responses of different taxa to landscape modification is a key step for identifying which groups of species are good surrogates for other groups. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the spatial processes that drive cross-taxonomic congruence of diversity and how this knowledge can be used to improve the management of modified landscapes for biodiversity, especially insects. We investigated how assemblages of two ecologically important insect groups, wild bees and beetles, respond to different landscape contexts and habitat structure in an Australian agricultural landscape, and how this, in turn, influenced either group's potential as a surrogate for the other. Bee and ground-active beetle assemblages were sampled in remnant woodland patches in two landscape contexts: woodland patches surrounded by pine plantation and woodland patches surrounded by open grazing land. Bee species richness, and the richness of functionally-defined bee groups did not differ between landscape contexts, in contrast to beetles. We found that landscape context exerted a stronger effect on species composition than species richness of both groups. Although some landscape and habitat variables were useful in predicting the diversity of both insect groups, few were shared. Our findings showed that bee and beetles are poor surrogates for each other in landscapes that are highly modified. Our study highlighted the need to consider: (1) taxon-specific responses to landscape context, (2) the influence of different metrics of cross-taxonomic surrogacy and, (3) dissimilar ecological attributes among insect taxa when selecting insects as biodiversity surrogates. It should not be assumed that agricultural landscapes managed to conserve specific insects (e.g. bees) will necessarily benefit other insects. © 2020
- Iles, Richard, Choi, Youngran, Kagundu, Samuel, Gatumu, Haniel
- Authors: Iles, Richard , Choi, Youngran , Kagundu, Samuel , Gatumu, Haniel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Preventive Veterinary Medicine Vol. 201, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The management of livestock diseases transmission is dependent on the effectiveness of livestock health institutions, livestock disease monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and the management of livestock markets. The relative weakness of such institutions and mechanisms in Low-Middle Income Countries increases the importance of livestock owners’ livestock disease prevention choices. Understanding private demand for preventative disease measures is, therefore, all the more important. The accurate estimation of hypothetical demand for new livestock vaccines is important for policy makers, although challenging. The challenge relates to the nature of livestock disease and the hypothetical choice context. Individual decision making of livestock dependent households is an important mediating factor, within coupled human and natural systems, in the transmission of livestock diseases. Kenyan data (elsewhere presented) demonstrates that the stressors of a lack of rain and perceptions of financial well-being are associated with short-term changes in cognitive capacity. As a consequence, measuring and controling for various forms of choice heuristic use and changes in short-term cognitive capacity are important for robust demand analysis among marginalized populations. In estimating agro-pastoralists’ demand for new contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) vaccines in Kenya, this paper identifies the effects of respondent short-term cognitive capacity in completing discrete choice experimental task and the subsequent effects on willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimation. Results indicate a positive estimated relationship of fluid intelligence and choice heuristics on demand for new CBPP vaccines. The estimation of WTP for CBPP disease risk information is significantly lower using WTP space estimates rather than traditional preference space estimates. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.