Soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by navua sedge (cyperus aromaticus) in tropical north Queensland
- Chadha, Aakansha, Osunkoya, Olusegun, Shi, Boyang, Florentine, Singarayer, Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Osunkoya, Olusegun , Shi, Boyang , Florentine, Singarayer , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2022
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in agronomy Vol. 4, no. (2022), p.
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- Description: Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) is threatening crops, pasture species and natural ecosystems in Pacific Island countries and northern Queensland, Australia. To aid future management efforts of this exotic invasive weed, research was conducted to understand the soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by Navua sedge. Six grazing properties were chosen across two landscapes, coastal and inland/upland, with areas that had Navua sedge infestations in Queensland, Australia. At each site, soil was collected from two soil depths, 0-5 and 5-10 cm, and from plots with high and low infestation levels of Navua sedge. It was observed that the soil seed bank dynamics varied significantly between these study sites. Navua sedge was the dominant species in the soil seed bank at all the sites contributing between 62% to 95% of the total seed bank, while pasture seeds occupied only 3% to 24%. Broadleaf seeds were even lower in abundance, showing between 2% to 13% of the total seed count. The abundance of Navua sedge seed present in the soil was significantly correlated with the aboveground biomass of Navua sedge (r=0.53, p=0.006), but no correlation was found with the infestation age of Navua sedge. Based on this work, it is clear that the seed bank of Navua sedge is very large and concentrated within the top 0-5 cm of the soil, with, 83% of total Navua sedge seeds being in this layer. It was also noted that, although, high infestation plots had significantly higher number of seeds than low infestation plots, more than 18,000 Navua sedge seeds/m 2 were still found in the 0-5 cm soil layer of plots regarded as low infestation. We suggest that insights achieved from our soil seed bank study may be used to devise management strategies to minimise the impact of Navua sedge weed in critical grazing and agricultural areas.
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Osunkoya, Olusegun , Shi, Boyang , Florentine, Singarayer , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2022
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in agronomy Vol. 4, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) is threatening crops, pasture species and natural ecosystems in Pacific Island countries and northern Queensland, Australia. To aid future management efforts of this exotic invasive weed, research was conducted to understand the soil seed bank dynamics of pastures invaded by Navua sedge. Six grazing properties were chosen across two landscapes, coastal and inland/upland, with areas that had Navua sedge infestations in Queensland, Australia. At each site, soil was collected from two soil depths, 0-5 and 5-10 cm, and from plots with high and low infestation levels of Navua sedge. It was observed that the soil seed bank dynamics varied significantly between these study sites. Navua sedge was the dominant species in the soil seed bank at all the sites contributing between 62% to 95% of the total seed bank, while pasture seeds occupied only 3% to 24%. Broadleaf seeds were even lower in abundance, showing between 2% to 13% of the total seed count. The abundance of Navua sedge seed present in the soil was significantly correlated with the aboveground biomass of Navua sedge (r=0.53, p=0.006), but no correlation was found with the infestation age of Navua sedge. Based on this work, it is clear that the seed bank of Navua sedge is very large and concentrated within the top 0-5 cm of the soil, with, 83% of total Navua sedge seeds being in this layer. It was also noted that, although, high infestation plots had significantly higher number of seeds than low infestation plots, more than 18,000 Navua sedge seeds/m 2 were still found in the 0-5 cm soil layer of plots regarded as low infestation. We suggest that insights achieved from our soil seed bank study may be used to devise management strategies to minimise the impact of Navua sedge weed in critical grazing and agricultural areas.
“Bumps in the Road”: A Pilot study of a therapeutic technique for the integration of unresolved family loss and trauma
- Watts, Gabriella, Lewis, Andrew, Serfaty, Irene
- Authors: Watts, Gabriella , Lewis, Andrew , Serfaty, Irene
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in psychology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p. 635574-635574
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- Description: The ability to sustain a coherent narrative about experiences of trauma and loss is a prominent feature of secure-autonomous attachment states of mind as assessed in narrative tasks such as the Adult Attachment Interview. The current study examines the clinical application of the concepts of narrative coherence and discourse segregation within a therapeutic intervention for whole families. Bumps in the Road is a family drawing task, which aims to facilitate the co-construction of family narratives about adversities such as trauma, loss and hardship. The technique aims to increase the family’s narrative coherence about such challenging events. The paper first presents a description of the task itself together with the discourse theories of defensive processing of adverse events. The study also presents pilot quantitative findings from 19 parents on the psychometric properties of a coding system of the families’ discourses in undertaking the task and the therapist’s techniques in administering the task. The predictive association of coding of the narratives were examined as predictors of change in internalising and externalising symptoms in the referred child, using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Findings showed that therapist competence in administration of the task did significantly predict the magnitude of treatment efficacy. The current study is the first presentation of this novel therapeutic task and sets a platform for further research on the use of narrative tasks and the formal coding of discourse in therapeutic work with children and families.
- Authors: Watts, Gabriella , Lewis, Andrew , Serfaty, Irene
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in psychology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p. 635574-635574
- Full Text:
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- Description: The ability to sustain a coherent narrative about experiences of trauma and loss is a prominent feature of secure-autonomous attachment states of mind as assessed in narrative tasks such as the Adult Attachment Interview. The current study examines the clinical application of the concepts of narrative coherence and discourse segregation within a therapeutic intervention for whole families. Bumps in the Road is a family drawing task, which aims to facilitate the co-construction of family narratives about adversities such as trauma, loss and hardship. The technique aims to increase the family’s narrative coherence about such challenging events. The paper first presents a description of the task itself together with the discourse theories of defensive processing of adverse events. The study also presents pilot quantitative findings from 19 parents on the psychometric properties of a coding system of the families’ discourses in undertaking the task and the therapist’s techniques in administering the task. The predictive association of coding of the narratives were examined as predictors of change in internalising and externalising symptoms in the referred child, using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Findings showed that therapist competence in administration of the task did significantly predict the magnitude of treatment efficacy. The current study is the first presentation of this novel therapeutic task and sets a platform for further research on the use of narrative tasks and the formal coding of discourse in therapeutic work with children and families.
The influence of an attachment-related stimulus on oxytocin reactivity in poly-drug users undergoing maintenance therapy compared to healthy controls
- Fuchshuber, Jürgen, Tatzer, Jasmin, Hiebler-Ragger, Michaela, Trinkl, Florian, Kimmerle, Andreas, Rinner, Anita, Buchheim, Anna, Schrom, Silke, Rinner, Beate, Leber, Klaus, Pieber, Thomas, Weiss, Elisabeth, Lewis, Andrew, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Unterrainer, Human
- Authors: Fuchshuber, Jürgen , Tatzer, Jasmin , Hiebler-Ragger, Michaela , Trinkl, Florian , Kimmerle, Andreas , Rinner, Anita , Buchheim, Anna , Schrom, Silke , Rinner, Beate , Leber, Klaus , Pieber, Thomas , Weiss, Elisabeth , Lewis, Andrew , Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter , Unterrainer, Human
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 11, no. (2020), p. 460506
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- Description: Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been described as a dysfunctional way to compensate for deficiencies in that person's underlying attachment system. Furthermore, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which is a critical component of the neurobiology of the attachment system, has been shown to effectively reduce addictive behavior and therefore has been discussed as a potential medication in SUD treatment. This study investigates variation in peripheral OT plasma levels as a function of exposure to an attachment-related stimulus in SUD patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). A total sample of 48 men, 24 inpatients in maintenance treatment who were diagnosed with poly-drug use disorder (PUD) and 24 HC, was investigated. A 15-min exposure to the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) was used as an attachment-related stimulus and coded for attachment status. Blood samples before and after the AAP-assessment were taken and assayed for OT levels. Variation in baselines level of OT was examined in relation to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Adult Attachment-Scale (AAS), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Following the AAP stimulus controls showed no significant difference in OT levels elevation from baseline compared to the PUD group's OT levels. Furthermore, in the PUD group only OT-baseline-levels may be negatively associated with the AAS subscale "Comfort with Closeness" and "Anxiety" and lifetime substance use. Our results suggest that peripheral OT levels in poly-drug users undergoing maintenance treatment are not significantly different in responsiveness to an attachment related stimulus compared to HC. With regard to non-significant tendencies observed in this study which hint toward decreased OT-reactivity in the PUD group, further research is needed to explore this hypothesis with increased statistical power.
- Authors: Fuchshuber, Jürgen , Tatzer, Jasmin , Hiebler-Ragger, Michaela , Trinkl, Florian , Kimmerle, Andreas , Rinner, Anita , Buchheim, Anna , Schrom, Silke , Rinner, Beate , Leber, Klaus , Pieber, Thomas , Weiss, Elisabeth , Lewis, Andrew , Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter , Unterrainer, Human
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 11, no. (2020), p. 460506
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been described as a dysfunctional way to compensate for deficiencies in that person's underlying attachment system. Furthermore, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which is a critical component of the neurobiology of the attachment system, has been shown to effectively reduce addictive behavior and therefore has been discussed as a potential medication in SUD treatment. This study investigates variation in peripheral OT plasma levels as a function of exposure to an attachment-related stimulus in SUD patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). A total sample of 48 men, 24 inpatients in maintenance treatment who were diagnosed with poly-drug use disorder (PUD) and 24 HC, was investigated. A 15-min exposure to the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) was used as an attachment-related stimulus and coded for attachment status. Blood samples before and after the AAP-assessment were taken and assayed for OT levels. Variation in baselines level of OT was examined in relation to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the Adult Attachment-Scale (AAS), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Following the AAP stimulus controls showed no significant difference in OT levels elevation from baseline compared to the PUD group's OT levels. Furthermore, in the PUD group only OT-baseline-levels may be negatively associated with the AAS subscale "Comfort with Closeness" and "Anxiety" and lifetime substance use. Our results suggest that peripheral OT levels in poly-drug users undergoing maintenance treatment are not significantly different in responsiveness to an attachment related stimulus compared to HC. With regard to non-significant tendencies observed in this study which hint toward decreased OT-reactivity in the PUD group, further research is needed to explore this hypothesis with increased statistical power.
Considering the need for movement variability in motor imagery training : implications for sport and rehabilitation
- Lindsay, Riki, Spittle, Sharna, Spittle, Michael
- Authors: Lindsay, Riki , Spittle, Sharna , Spittle, Michael
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14, no. (2023), p.
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- Authors: Lindsay, Riki , Spittle, Sharna , Spittle, Michael
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 14, no. (2023), p.
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Teaching efficacy of undergraduate PE students what are the key predictors and what can PE educators learn from this?
- Magill, Ceriann, Cronin, Colum, Walsh, Barbara, Polman, Remco, Rudd, James
- Authors: Magill, Ceriann , Cronin, Colum , Walsh, Barbara , Polman, Remco , Rudd, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Education Vol. 8, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: IntroductionTeaching efficacy describes the belief in a teacher's ability to promote learning and this belief is an invaluable asset for all teachers. This study examined the contextual influences that predict the teaching efficacy of first-year undergraduate PE students wishing to enter teacher training programs.MethodUsing a mixed methods study design, 168 PE students completed an online questionnaire and 16 of these participants took part in semi-structured focus groups. The data collection procedures investigated students' perceptions of PE teaching efficacy and examined students' awareness of how their involvement in PE or sports influenced their decision to study PE.ResultsTeaching experiences and role model influences were the key predictors of students' perceived PE teaching efficacy.DiscussionsWe recommend that higher education PE programs should facilitate theoretically informed reflective learning opportunities to enable students to understand and make sense of the impact of these key predictors. These opportunities will enable students to understand their starting point in PE teaching efficacy and identify the requirements to develop it. The study extends the existing literature by identifying the key predictors of PE teaching efficacy derived from the acculturation experiences of undergraduate PE students.
- Authors: Magill, Ceriann , Cronin, Colum , Walsh, Barbara , Polman, Remco , Rudd, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Education Vol. 8, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: IntroductionTeaching efficacy describes the belief in a teacher's ability to promote learning and this belief is an invaluable asset for all teachers. This study examined the contextual influences that predict the teaching efficacy of first-year undergraduate PE students wishing to enter teacher training programs.MethodUsing a mixed methods study design, 168 PE students completed an online questionnaire and 16 of these participants took part in semi-structured focus groups. The data collection procedures investigated students' perceptions of PE teaching efficacy and examined students' awareness of how their involvement in PE or sports influenced their decision to study PE.ResultsTeaching experiences and role model influences were the key predictors of students' perceived PE teaching efficacy.DiscussionsWe recommend that higher education PE programs should facilitate theoretically informed reflective learning opportunities to enable students to understand and make sense of the impact of these key predictors. These opportunities will enable students to understand their starting point in PE teaching efficacy and identify the requirements to develop it. The study extends the existing literature by identifying the key predictors of PE teaching efficacy derived from the acculturation experiences of undergraduate PE students.
- Esler, Murray, Alvarenga, Marlies, Barton, David, Jennings, Garry, Kaye, David, Guo, Ling, Schwarz, Rosemary, Lambert, Gavin
- Authors: Esler, Murray , Alvarenga, Marlies , Barton, David , Jennings, Garry , Kaye, David , Guo, Ling , Schwarz, Rosemary , Lambert, Gavin
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in psychiatry Vol. 13, no. (2022), p. 818012-818012
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- Description: In research spanning three decades we have estimated brain monoamine turnover (approximately equating with synthesis rate) with sampling from the internal jugular veins and measurement of trans-cerebral plasma monoamine metabolite concentration gradients. Here we report indices of brain noradrenaline and serotonin turnover in patients with major depressive illness (MDD) and panic disorder (PD). Brain noradrenaline turnover was assessed from the combined flux into the internal jugular veins of the metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and brain serotonin turnover from the overflow of the primary metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA). Comparison was made with matched healthy research participants. In both MD and PD the estimate of brain noradrenaline turnover provided by metabolite overflow was unremarkable. In contrast, in both patient groups the estimate of brain serotonin turnover provided by 5HIAA overflow was increased 3–4-fold ( P < 0.01). This neurotransmitter abnormality was normalized in MDD and PD in clinical remission, during selective serotonin reuptake blocker (SSRI) dosing. We cannot be sure if the brain serotonergic abnormality we find in MDD and PD is causal or a correlate. Measurements in PD were not made during a panic attack. The increased estimated serotonin turnover here may possibly be a substrate for panic attacks serotonergic raphe nuclei participate in anxiety responses in experimental animals. It is puzzling that the findings were identical in MDD and PD, although it may be pertinent that these psychiatric diagnoses are commonly comorbid. It is unlikely that activation of brain serotonergic neurons is driving the sympathetic nervous activation present, which contributes to cardiovascular risk, persistent sympathetic activation in MDD and episodic activation in PD during panic attacks. We have previously demonstrated that the mechanism of activation of human central sympathetic outflow in other contexts (hypertension, heart failure) is activation of noradrenergic brainstem neurons projecting to the hypothalamus and amygdala.
Graph learning for fake review detection
- Yu, Shuo, Ren, Jing, Li, Shihao, Naseriparsa, Mehdi, Xia, Feng
- Authors: Yu, Shuo , Ren, Jing , Li, Shihao , Naseriparsa, Mehdi , Xia, Feng
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in artificial intelligence Vol. 5, no. (2022), p. 922589-922589
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- Description: Fake reviews have become prevalent on various social networks such as e-commerce and social media platforms. As fake reviews cause a heavily negative influence on the public, timely detection and response are of great significance. To this end, effective fake review detection has become an emerging research area that attracts increasing attention from various disciplines like network science, computational social science, and data science. An important line of research in fake review detection is to utilize graph learning methods, which incorporate both the attribute features of reviews and their relationships into the detection process. To further compare these graph learning methods in this paper, we conduct a detailed survey on fake review detection. The survey presents a comprehensive taxonomy and covers advancements in three high-level categories, including fake review detection, fake reviewer detection, and fake review analysis. Different kinds of fake reviews and their corresponding examples are also summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the graph learning methods, including supervised and unsupervised learning approaches for fake review detection. Specifically, we outline the unsupervised learning approach that includes generation-based and contrast-based methods, respectively. In view of the existing problems in the current methods and data, we further discuss some challenges and open issues in this field, including the imperfect data, explainability, model efficiency, and lightweight models.
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