- Du, Wei, Hayen, Andrew, Bilston, Lynne, Hatfield, Julie, Finch, Caroline, Brown, Julie
- Authors: Du, Wei , Hayen, Andrew , Bilston, Lynne , Hatfield, Julie , Finch, Caroline , Brown, Julie
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Vol. 162, no. 11 (Nov 2008), p. 1085-1089
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- Description: Objective: To investigate the association between restraint use and death in rear-seated child passengers and to examine whether the estimated association varies by restraint type and age. Design: Matched cohort study. Setting: All reported crashed passenger vehicles with at least 2 rear-seated child passengers of whom at least 1 died from the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1998 to 2006. Participants: Rear-seated child passengers aged 2 to 6 years. Interventions: Three models of restraint use: (1) no restraint use, any restraint use; (2) no restraint use, recorded improper restraint use (including improper use of seat belts or child restraints, use of shoulder-only seat belts, and use of an unknown type of restraint), any other restraint use; and (3) no restraint use, improper restraint use, seat belts, and child restraints. Main Outcome Measure: Death within 30 days of a crash. Results: Compared with no restraint use, being restrained reduced the risk of death in rear-seated child passengers (relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.49). Compared with improper restraint use, any other restraint use reduced the risk of death (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63). The RR of death for using child restraints compared with seat belts was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.57-1.14). Child restraints performed slightly better in fatality risk reduction in children aged 2 to 3 years (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.33) than in children aged 4 to 6 years (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.44) compared with traveling unrestrained. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the protective effects of restraints for child passengers and highlights the importance of using restraints correctly.
Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019
- Kocarnik, Jonathan, Compton, Kelly, Dean, Fean, Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian, Harvey, James, Henrikson, Hannah, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Ababneh, Emad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdoli, Amir, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Adedeji, Isaac, Adnani, Qorinath, Advani, Shailesh, Afzal, Muhammad, Aghaali, Mohammad, Ahinkorah, Bright, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Kocarnik, Jonathan , Compton, Kelly , Dean, Fean , Fu, Weijia , Gaw, Brian , Harvey, James , Henrikson, Hannah , Lu, Dan , Pennini, Alyssa , Xu, Rixing , Ababneh, Emad , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abbastabar, Hedayat , Abd-Elsalam, Sherief , Abdoli, Amir , Abedi, Aidin , Abidi, Hassan , Abolhassani, Hassan , Adedeji, Isaac , Adnani, Qorinath , Advani, Shailesh , Afzal, Muhammad , Aghaali, Mohammad , Ahinkorah, Bright , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmad, Tauseef , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmadi, Sepideh , Ahmed Rashid, Tarik , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: JAMA Oncology Vol. 8, no. 3 (2022), p. 420-444
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- Description: IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Kocarnik, Jonathan , Compton, Kelly , Dean, Fean , Fu, Weijia , Gaw, Brian , Harvey, James , Henrikson, Hannah , Lu, Dan , Pennini, Alyssa , Xu, Rixing , Ababneh, Emad , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abbastabar, Hedayat , Abd-Elsalam, Sherief , Abdoli, Amir , Abedi, Aidin , Abidi, Hassan , Abolhassani, Hassan , Adedeji, Isaac , Adnani, Qorinath , Advani, Shailesh , Afzal, Muhammad , Aghaali, Mohammad , Ahinkorah, Bright , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmad, Tauseef , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmadi, Sepideh , Ahmed Rashid, Tarik , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: JAMA Oncology Vol. 8, no. 3 (2022), p. 420-444
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
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