- Title
- Crosstalk between immune checkpoint modulators, metabolic reprogramming and cellular plasticity in triple-negative breast cancer
- Creator
- Poddar, Arpita; Rao, Sushma; Prithviraj, Prithviraj; Kannourakis, George; Jayachandran, Aparna
- Date
- 2022
- Type
- Text; Journal article; Review
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/190969
- Identifier
- vital:17742
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29100540
- Identifier
- ISSN:1718-7729 (ISSN)
- Abstract
- Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. Accounting for 15–20% of all breast cancer diagnoses, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype presents with an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential and the poorest short-term prognosis. TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy, only partially responds to radio- and chemotherapy, and has limited targeted therapy options, thus underlining the critical need for better therapeutic treatments. Although immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition is emerging as a promising treatment option for TNBC patients, activation of cellular plasticity programs such as metabolic reprogramming (MR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes immunotherapy to fail. In this report, we review the role of MR and EMT in immune checkpoint dysregulation in TNBCs and specifically shed light on development of novel combination treatment modalities for this challenging disease. We highlight the clinical relevance of crosstalk between MR, EMT, and immune checkpoints in TNBCs. © 2022 by the authors.
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Relation
- Current Oncology Vol. 29, no. 10 (2022), p. 6847-6863
- Rights
- All metadata describing materials held in, or linked to, the repository is freely available under a CC0 licence
- Rights
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Copyright © 2022 by the authors
- Rights
- Open Access
- Subject
- 3211 Oncology and carcinogenesis; Breast cancers; EMT; Immune checkpoints; MET; Metabolic reprogramming; PD-L1; TNBC
- Full Text
- Reviewed
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