Parasitic infection surveillance in Mississippi delta children
- Bradbury, Richard, Arguello, Irene, Lane, Meredith, Cooley, Gretchen, Handali, Sukwan
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Arguello, Irene , Lane, Meredith , Cooley, Gretchen , Handali, Sukwan
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 103, no. 3 (2020), p. 1150-1153
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- Description: Some recent studies suggest ongoing transmission of parasitic diseases in the American South; however, surveys in Mississippi children are lacking. We enrolled 166 children (median age 8 years, range 4–13 years) from the Mississippi Delta region and carried out multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis on their stool samples. Dried blood spots were obtained for multiplex serology antibody detection. Of 166 children, all reported having flushable toilets, 11% had soil exposure, and 34% had a pet dog or cat. None had prior diagnosis or treatment of parasitic disease. Multi-parallel real-time PCRs were negative on the 89 stool DNA extracts available for testing. Dried blood spot testing of all 166 children determined the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. (3.6%), Cryptosporidium (2.4%), S. stercoralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Giardia duodenalis (all 0%). In conclusion, parasitic infections and exposure were scarce in this population. Larger studies of at-risk populations are needed. © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. ***Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Richard Bradbury ” is provided in this record***
- Description: This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (RSB), the Blakeslee Fund for Genetics Research at Smith College (N. P. and S. A. W.), and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, the University of Mississippi Medical Center). R. B. reports a patent WO2019060840 “Removing Interfering Host NucleicAcids for Molecular Parasite Detection” with royalties paid to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This trial was observational and is exempt from registration at clinicaltrials.gov Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions of this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This work was presented at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Conference: Poster 522, October 28–November 1, New Orleans, LA
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Arguello, Irene , Lane, Meredith , Cooley, Gretchen , Handali, Sukwan
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 103, no. 3 (2020), p. 1150-1153
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Some recent studies suggest ongoing transmission of parasitic diseases in the American South; however, surveys in Mississippi children are lacking. We enrolled 166 children (median age 8 years, range 4–13 years) from the Mississippi Delta region and carried out multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis on their stool samples. Dried blood spots were obtained for multiplex serology antibody detection. Of 166 children, all reported having flushable toilets, 11% had soil exposure, and 34% had a pet dog or cat. None had prior diagnosis or treatment of parasitic disease. Multi-parallel real-time PCRs were negative on the 89 stool DNA extracts available for testing. Dried blood spot testing of all 166 children determined the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. (3.6%), Cryptosporidium (2.4%), S. stercoralis, Fasciola hepatica, and Giardia duodenalis (all 0%). In conclusion, parasitic infections and exposure were scarce in this population. Larger studies of at-risk populations are needed. © 2020 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. ***Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Richard Bradbury ” is provided in this record***
- Description: This work was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (RSB), the Blakeslee Fund for Genetics Research at Smith College (N. P. and S. A. W.), and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, the University of Mississippi Medical Center). R. B. reports a patent WO2019060840 “Removing Interfering Host NucleicAcids for Molecular Parasite Detection” with royalties paid to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This trial was observational and is exempt from registration at clinicaltrials.gov Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions of this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This work was presented at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Conference: Poster 522, October 28–November 1, New Orleans, LA
Parasitic disease surveillance, Mississippi, USA
- Bradbury, Richard, Lane, Meredioth, Arguello, Irene, Handali, Sukwan, Cooley, Gretchen
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Lane, Meredioth , Arguello, Irene , Handali, Sukwan , Cooley, Gretchen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 27, no. 8 (2021), p. 2201-2204
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- Description: Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples for all soil-transmitted helminths and on 370 samples for only Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis identified 1 S. stercoralis infection. Seroprevalences were 8.8% for Toxocara, 27.4% for Cryptosporidium, 5.7% for Giardia, and 0.2% for Strongyloides parasites. © 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Richard Bradbury" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Lane, Meredioth , Arguello, Irene , Handali, Sukwan , Cooley, Gretchen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 27, no. 8 (2021), p. 2201-2204
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples for all soil-transmitted helminths and on 370 samples for only Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis identified 1 S. stercoralis infection. Seroprevalences were 8.8% for Toxocara, 27.4% for Cryptosporidium, 5.7% for Giardia, and 0.2% for Strongyloides parasites. © 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Richard Bradbury" is provided in this record**
Evaluation of the performance of Ortho T. cruzi ELISA test system for the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi
- Rivera, Hilda, McAuliffe, Isabel, Aderohunmu, TaLesa, Wiegand, Ryan, Montgomery, Susan, Bradbury, Richard, Handali, Sukwan
- Authors: Rivera, Hilda , McAuliffe, Isabel , Aderohunmu, TaLesa , Wiegand, Ryan , Montgomery, Susan , Bradbury, Richard , Handali, Sukwan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 60, no. 8 (2022), p.
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- Description: The serologic diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease, caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is challenging and lacks a gold-standard assay. To overcome the problem, CDC uses an algorithm that uses two tests on different platforms and applies a third test as a tiebreaker. The Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System from Ortho Diagnostics was cleared by FDA for clinical diagnosis usage. We evaluated this test against the CDC algorithm for chronic Chagas disease. We tested several sets of serum specimens: 104 specimens tested positive for T. cruzi specific antibody and 283 (including 30 specimens positive for antibody to Leishmania spp.) tested negative based on the current CDC chronic T. cruzi infection diagnostic testing algorithm. Concordance of the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System with the CDC algorithm result was 90% (95% CI 87 to 93%) overall and 92% (95% CI 89 to 95%) when excluding Leishmania spp. antibody positive specimens. The cross-reactivity of the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System was 37% to Leishmania spp. serologically positive specimens, 1% to specimens from patients diagnosed with other parasitic infections, and 0% against specimens from a US noninfected population. In conclusion, the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System compares well against the CDC diagnostic algorithm for chronic Chagas disease. The availability of this FDA-cleared assay will improve the chronic Chagas disease diagnosis. © 2022 American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Rivera, Hilda , McAuliffe, Isabel , Aderohunmu, TaLesa , Wiegand, Ryan , Montgomery, Susan , Bradbury, Richard , Handali, Sukwan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 60, no. 8 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The serologic diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease, caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is challenging and lacks a gold-standard assay. To overcome the problem, CDC uses an algorithm that uses two tests on different platforms and applies a third test as a tiebreaker. The Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System from Ortho Diagnostics was cleared by FDA for clinical diagnosis usage. We evaluated this test against the CDC algorithm for chronic Chagas disease. We tested several sets of serum specimens: 104 specimens tested positive for T. cruzi specific antibody and 283 (including 30 specimens positive for antibody to Leishmania spp.) tested negative based on the current CDC chronic T. cruzi infection diagnostic testing algorithm. Concordance of the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System with the CDC algorithm result was 90% (95% CI 87 to 93%) overall and 92% (95% CI 89 to 95%) when excluding Leishmania spp. antibody positive specimens. The cross-reactivity of the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System was 37% to Leishmania spp. serologically positive specimens, 1% to specimens from patients diagnosed with other parasitic infections, and 0% against specimens from a US noninfected population. In conclusion, the Ortho T. cruzi ELISA Test System compares well against the CDC diagnostic algorithm for chronic Chagas disease. The availability of this FDA-cleared assay will improve the chronic Chagas disease diagnosis. © 2022 American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Cross-sectional study of soil-transmitted helminthiases in black belt region of Alabama, USA
- Poole, Claudette, Barker, Troy, Bradbury, Richard, Capone, Drew, Chatham, Amy, Handali, Sukwan, Rodriguez, Eduardo, Qvarnstrom, Yvonne, Brown, Joe
- Authors: Poole, Claudette , Barker, Troy , Bradbury, Richard , Capone, Drew , Chatham, Amy , Handali, Sukwan , Rodriguez, Eduardo , Qvarnstrom, Yvonne , Brown, Joe
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 29, no. 12 (2023), p. 2461-2470
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- Description: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) in areas of rural Alabama, USA, that have sanitation deficits. We enrolled 777 children; 704 submitted stool specimens and 227 a dried blood spot sample. We microscopically examined stool specimens from all 704 children by using Mini-FLOTAC for helminth eggs. We tested a subset by using molecular techniques: real-time PCR analysis for 5 STH species, TaqMan Array Cards for enteric helminths, and digital PCR for Necator americanus hookworm. We analyzed dried blood spots for Strongyloides stercoralis and Toxocara spp. roundworms by using serologic testing. Despite 12% of our cohort reporting living in homes that directly discharge untreated domestic wastewater, stool testing for STH was negative; however, 5% of dried blood spots were positive for Toxocara spp. roundworms. Survey data suggests substantial numbers of children in this region may be exposed to raw sewage, which is itself a major public health concern. © 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.
- Authors: Poole, Claudette , Barker, Troy , Bradbury, Richard , Capone, Drew , Chatham, Amy , Handali, Sukwan , Rodriguez, Eduardo , Qvarnstrom, Yvonne , Brown, Joe
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 29, no. 12 (2023), p. 2461-2470
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) in areas of rural Alabama, USA, that have sanitation deficits. We enrolled 777 children; 704 submitted stool specimens and 227 a dried blood spot sample. We microscopically examined stool specimens from all 704 children by using Mini-FLOTAC for helminth eggs. We tested a subset by using molecular techniques: real-time PCR analysis for 5 STH species, TaqMan Array Cards for enteric helminths, and digital PCR for Necator americanus hookworm. We analyzed dried blood spots for Strongyloides stercoralis and Toxocara spp. roundworms by using serologic testing. Despite 12% of our cohort reporting living in homes that directly discharge untreated domestic wastewater, stool testing for STH was negative; however, 5% of dried blood spots were positive for Toxocara spp. roundworms. Survey data suggests substantial numbers of children in this region may be exposed to raw sewage, which is itself a major public health concern. © 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.
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