Image processing-based on-line technique to detect power transformer winding faults
- Authors: Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2013; Vienna, Austria; 10th-14th November 2013 p. 1-6
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- Description: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been growing in popularity in recent times as a tool to detect mechanical deformation within power transformers. To conduct the test, the transformer has to be taken out of service which may cause interruption to the electricity grid. Moreover, because FRA relies on graphical analysis, it calls for an expert person to analyse the results as so far, there is no standard code for FRA interpretation worldwide. In this paper an online technique is introduced to detect the internal faults within a power transformer by constructing the voltage-current (V-I) locus diagram to provide a current state of the transformer health condition. The technique does not call for any special equipment as it uses the existing metering devices attached to any power transformer to monitor the input voltage, output voltage and the input current at the power frequency and hence online monitoring can be realised. Various types of faults have been simulated to assess its impact on the proposed locus. A Matlab code based on digital image processing is developed to calculate any deviation of the V-I locus with respect to the reference one and to identify the type of fault.
Impact of axial displacement on power transformer FRA signature
- Authors: Hashemnia, Naser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PES 2013; Vancouver, Canada; 21st-25th July 2013 p. 1-4
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) is gaining global popularity in detecting power transformer winding movement due to the development of FRA test equipment. However, because FRA relies on graphical analysis, interpretation of its signatures is still a very specialized area that calls for skillful personnel to detect the sort and likely place of the fault as so far, there is no reliable standard code for FRA signature classification and quantification. This paper investigates the impact of transformer winding axial displacement on its FRA signature as a step toward the establishment of reliable codes for FRA interpretation. In this context a detailed model for a singlephase transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate a close to real transformer. The impact of axial displacement on the electrical distributed parameters model that are calculated based on the transformer physical dimension is examined to investigate how model’s parameters including inductance and capacitance matrices change when axial displacement takes place within a power transformer.
Impact of buckling deformation on the FRA signature of power transformer
- Authors: Amini, Arman , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2013; Hobart, Australia; 29th September-3rd October 2013 p. 1-4
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- Description: Power transformer is an important asset within the electrical power system network. Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been developing in popularity in recent years as a tool to detect mechanical deformation of power transformers winding. Since the FRA has been relying on graphical analysis, it calls for an expert person to analyze the results to detect the type of the fault and its location. There are no reliable guidelines for FRA signature in the event that a failure occurs in service and the impact can be far reaching. The concept of FRA has been successfully used as a diagnostic technique to detect the winding deformation, core and clamping structure for the power transformers. This paper investigated the impact of the forced and free winding buckling based on the variation of the electrical parameters to show how these faults vary the FRA signature.
Impact of capacitive coupling circuit on online impulse frequency response of a power transformer
- Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Yao, Chenguo , Zhao, Xiaozhen , Hashemnia, Naser , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 23, no. 3 (2016), p. 1285-1293
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- Description: Detecting the early signs of mechanical failures of power transformer winding is necessary and is possible with online monitoring techniques. Online impulse frequency response analysis (IFRA) is a promising diagnostic method when a transformer is in service. This paper examines the unrevealed problem existing in the method, namely, the impact of bushing capacitive coupling circuit on online impulse frequency response. An equivalent electrical model of capacitive coupling circuit and transformer winding is established. The frequency response of the capacitive coupling circuit is obtained to study its influence on online impulse frequency response. The parameter variations of capacitive coupling circuit caused by coupling capacitance variation and bushing dielectric breakdown are simulated to investigate their influence on online impulse frequency response signatures. A few experiments are eventually performed to verify the theoretical analysis and simulation results. This paper contributes to the application of online IFRA.
Impact of conducting materials on furan-spectral correlation of transformer oil
- Authors: Das, Narottam , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2013; Hobart, Australia; 29th September-3rd October 2013 p. 1-4
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- Description: This paper investigates the impact of conducting materials on the correlation of furan concentration in transformer oil and its spectral response characteristics. The presence of furan derivatives in aged-transformer oil has been one of the key indicators for solid dielectric deterioration. Identification and quantification of furan derivatives are currently performed using high performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based on ASTM D5837 standard. Although these techniques are well established, they need an expert personal to conduct the test and to analyse its results. Moreover, the test is relatively expensive and the analysis of oil sample may take days as most utilities sending transformer oil samples to external laboratories to be tested. Recently, it has been proven that furan concentration in transformer oil has a strong correlation to the oil spectral response. This paper is to validate this finding and to investigate the impact of conducting materials within transformer oil on this correlation. In this context, extensive experimental tests are conducted to assess the impact of various concentration of conducting materials (e.g., copper dust) dissolved in transformer oil samples of different furan contents on its absorption and transmission spectra. The measured experimental results show that, the impact of such small amount ofdissolved conducting materials on the oil spectral response is minimal.
Impact of distributed rooftop photovoltaic systems on short-circuit faults in the supplying low voltage networks
- Authors: Yengejeh, Hadi , Shahnia, Farhad , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Electric Power Components and Systems Vol. 45, no. 20 (2017), p. 2257-2274
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- Description: This article evaluates the effect of randomly distributed, residential single-phase rooftop photovoltaic systems in the low voltage residential networks, during short-circuit faults on the overhead lines. The important parameters such as the fault current, the current sensed at the distribution transformer secondary, and the voltage profile along the feeder during the fault are examined. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in which the rating and location of the photovoltaic systems in the feeder, as well as the fault location and type, are the considered variables. Moreover, to demonstrate the effect of multiple photovoltaic systems with different ratings and penetration levels when distributed unequally among three phases of the network, a stochastic analysis is carried out. The article summarizes the outcomes of these two analyses to provide a better understanding of the impact of single-phase rooftop photovoltaic systems on the residential feeders during short-circuit faults.
Impact of gearbox oil contamination on the performance of the wind turbine drivetrain
- Authors: Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’16) ; Madrid 4th to 6th May, 2016
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- Description: Wind turbine gearbox is a key component in any wind energy conversion system and online monitoring of the gearbox is essential to maintain system reliability. This paper investigates the impact of gearbox lubrication oil contamination on the performance of wind turbine drivetrain. In this context, vibration signal of the gearbox is measured and analyzed under various contamination levels of the gearbox oil. A thermal camera is used to identify the hot spot location within the gearbox during the investigated case studies. Results show that quality of gearbox oil has a significant impact on the overall performance of the wind energy conversion system.
Impact of insulating oil degradation on the power transformer frequency response analysis
- Authors: Aljohani, Omar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 11th IEEE International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, ICPADM 2015; Sydney, Australia; 19th-22nd July 2015 Vol. OCT, p. 396-399
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- Description: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has become a reliable tool to detect mechanical deformation within power transformers. Many researchers have investigated the impact of various mechanical winding and core deformations on transformer FRA signature using either simulation analysis or practical testing to establish a standard code for FRA signature interpretation. None of them however, have given attention to the impact of power transformer insulating oil degradation on the transformer FRA signature. This paper investigates the effect of insulating mineral oil degradation on power transformer FRA signature. In this regard, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer filled with insulating mineral oil is simulated using three dimensional finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. Transformer FRA signature is measured and analysed with various health conditions of the insulating oil. Results show that, insulating oil degradation has a significant impact on the transformer FRA signature.
Impact of load ramping on power transformer dissolved gas analysis
- Authors: Cui, Huize , Yang, Liuging , Li, Shengtao , Qu, Guanghao , Wang, Hao , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 7, no. (2019), p. 170343-170351
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- Description: Dissolved gas in oil analysis (DGA) is one of the most reliable condition monitoring techniques, which is currently used by the industry to detect incipient faults within the power transformers. While the technique is well matured since the development of various offline and online measurement techniques along with various interpretation methods, no much attention was given so far to the oil sampling time and its correlation with the transformer loading. A power transformer loading is subject to continuous daily and seasonal variations, which is expected to increase with the increased penetration level of renewable energy sources of intermittent characteristics, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy into the current electricity grids. Generating unit transformers also undergoes similar loading variations to follow the demand, particularly in the new electricity market. As such, the insulation system within the power transformers is expected to exhibit operating temperature variations due to the continuous ramping up and down of the generation and load. If the oil is sampled for the DGA measurement during such ramping cycles, results will not be accurate, and a fault may be reported due to a gas evolution resulting from such temporarily loading variation. This paper is aimed at correlating the generation and load ramping with the DGA measurements through extensive experimental analyses. The results reveal a strong correlation between the sampling time and the generation/load ramping. The experimental results show the effect of load variations on the gas generation and demonstrate the vulnerabilities of misinterpretation of transformer faults resulting from temporary gas evolution. To achieve accurate DGA, transformer loading profile during oil sampling for the DGA measurement should be available. Based on the initial investigation in this paper, the more accurate DGA results can be achieved after a ramping down cycle of the load. This sampling time could be defined as an optimum oil sampling time for transformer DGA.
Impact of MMC-HVDC Control Parameter Selection on the Dynamic Performance of AC System
- Authors: Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices; ASEMD 2020, Virtual Tianjin ;16 to 18 October 2020
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- Description: High penetration of voltage source converter (VSC) based system is anticipated in future power systems. This study discusses the interaction of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage dc (HVDC) system with the dynamic of the host ac network in the electromechanical time frame. The respective controls for MMC-HVDC system suitable for the stability studies in the electromechanical time-frame are considered. This paper gives insight into the effects of several important sensitivities such as (i) MMC control implementation, (ii) non linearity associated with the fault ride through implementation, and (iii) phase locked loop parameters on ac system dynamics. The comprehensive analysis has been performed using an equivalent model of Great British transmission system. © 2020 IEEE.
Impact of PEV charging and rooftop PV penetration on distribution transformer life
- Authors: Geiles, Tristan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PES 2013; Vancouver, Canada; 21st-25th July 2013 p. 1-5
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- Description: As Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) take a greater share in the automobile market; their penetration levels may bring potential challenges to the electric utility especially at the distribution level. However with increasing penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) in residential networks, one major benefit is for rooftop PV units to counterbalance PEV loads, and hence normalize the useful life of distribution transformers. This effect has yet to be quantified in existing literature. This paper presents a study that evaluates the impact of PEV charging imposed on distribution transformer life, in the presence of rooftop PV units. The proposed methodology in this paper is applied to a real distribution system with various scenarios, including diversified PV and PEV penetration levels. Through deterministic and stochastic simulation, results reveal that distribution transformer increased loss-of-life (LOL), as a function of PEV charging, can be negated through the integration of distributed rooftop PV installation. © 2013 IEEE.
Impact of scaled fitness functions on a floating-point genetic algorithm to optimise the operation of standalone microgrids
- Authors: Batool, Munira , Shahnia, Farhad , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IET Renewable Power Generation Vol. 13, no. 8 (2019), p. 1280-1290
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- Description: Standalone hybrid remote area power systems, also known as microgrids (MGs), can provide reasonably priced electricity in geographically isolated and the edge of grid locations for their operators. To achieve the reliable operation of MGs, whilst consuming minimal fossil fuels and maximising the penetration of renewables, the voltage and frequency should be maintained within acceptable limits. This can be accomplished by solving an optimisation problem. Floating-point genetic algorithm (FP-GA) is a heuristic technique that has a proven track record of effectively identifying the optimal solutions. However, in addition to needing appropriate operators, the solver needs a fitness function to yield the most optimal control variables. In this study, a suitable fitness function is formulated, by including the operational, interruption and technical costs, which are then solved with an FP-GA, with different combinations of operators. The developed fitness function and the considered operators are tested for the non-linear optimisation problem of a 38-bus MG. Detailed discussions are provided on the impact, which different operators have upon the outcomes of the fitness function.
Implementing PRP and HSR Schemes in a HV Substation based on IEC62439-3
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD); Perth, WA, Australia; 23-26 Sept. 2018 p. 1-5
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- Description: High speed communication is an essential feature of Substation Automation and Control. Existing International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 guidelines substation automation and communication systems have few shortcomings in the protection architecture which necessitated an upgrade to another guideline. This has been addressed better in IEC 62439-3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR), Earlier there have been number of issues with IEC 61850, due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability related to multi-vendor equipment. The enhanced features of a Double Attached Node component based on IEC 62439-3, provide redundancy in protection by virtue of having two active frames circulating in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring. Should one of them be lost, the destination node will receive alternate frame, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed in a multi-vendor equipment ensuring the circuit is fault resilient. PRP and HSR topologies promise enhanced reliability over IEC 61850 standard due to faster processing capabilities, increased availability in the scheme with least delay time in circulating data packet in wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibit performance of PRP and HSR topologies addressing redundancy within the network ring leveraging on IEC 62439-3.
Improved method to obtain the online impulse frequency response signature of a power transformer by multi scale complex CWT
- Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Tang, Chao , Yao, Chenguo , Zhou, Qu , Xu, Lingna , Gui, Yingang , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 6, no. (2018), p. 48934-48945
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- Description: Online impulse frequency response analysis (IFRA) has proven to be a promising method to detect and diagnose the transformer winding mechanical faults when the transformer is in service. However, the existing fast Fourier transform (FFT) is actually not suitable for processing the transient signals in online IFRA. The field test result also shows that the IFRA signature obtained by FFT is easily distorted by noise. An improved method to obtain the online IFRA signature based on multi-scale complex continuous wavelet transform is proposed. The electrical model simulation and online experiment indicate the superiority of the wavelet transform compared with FFT. This paper provides guidance on the actual application of the online IFRA method.
Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics – Part 1 : Axial displacement simulation
- Authors: Hashemnia, Naser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 22, no. 1 (2015), p. 556-563
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) has become a widely accepted tool to detect power transformer winding deformation due to the development of FRA test equipment. Because FRA relies on graphical analysis, interpretation of its signature is a very specialized area that calls for skilled personnel, as so far, there is no reliable standard code for FRA signature identification and quantification. Many researchers investigated the impact of various mechanical winding deformations on the transformer FRA signature using simulation analysis by altering particular electrical parameters of the transformer equivalent electrical circuit. None of them however, investigated the impact of various physical fault levels on the corresponding change in the equivalent circuit parameters. In this paper, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. A physical axial displacement of different fault levels is simulated in both low voltage and high voltage windings. The impact of each fault level on the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit is investigated. A key contribution of this paper is the charts it introduces to correlate various axial displacement levels with the percentage change of all transformer equivalent circuit parameters due to the axial displacement fault. In contrary with other researchers who only considered mutual inductance between low voltage and high voltage windings, simulation results shown in this paper reveal that other circuit parameters should be changed by a particular percentage to accurately simulate particular fault level of transformer winding axial displacement. Results of this paper aid to precisely simulating winding axial displacement using transformer equivalent circuit that facilitates accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of transformer FRA signatures.
Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics – Part 2 : Radial deformation simulation
- Authors: Hashemnia, Naser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 22, no. 1 (2015), p. 564-570
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) is proven to be a powerful tool to detect winding deformation within power transformers. Although the FRA test along with the equipment are well developed, interpretation of FRA signature is still a challenge and it needs skilled personnel to identify and quantify the fault type if exists as at this stage, there is no reliable standard code for FRA signature classification and quantification. As it is very hard to implement faults on physical transformer without damaging it, researchers investigated the impact of various mechanical winding deformations on the transformer FRA signature by randomly changing the value of particular electrical parameters of the transformer equivalent electrical circuit. None of them however, precisely investigated the correlation between physical fault level and the percentage change in each parameter. In this paper, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. A physical radial deformation of different fault levels is simulated on both low voltage and high voltage windings. The impact of each fault level on the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit is investigated and the correlation between the fault level and the percentage change in each parameter of the equivalent circuit is provided. This will facilitate precise fault simulation using transformer equivalent electrical circuit and ease the quantification analysis of FRA signature.
Improving voltage of remote connection using wind-solar farms equipped with new voltage control strategy based on virtual impedance monitoring enabled by IEC 61850 communication
- Authors: Aghanoori, Navid , Masoum, Mohammad , Islam, Syed , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Nethery, Steven
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution Vol. 13, no. 11 (2019), p. 2112-2122
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- Description: This study explores how the voltage control of a remote part of the utility gird can be improved using more sophisticated voltage control on wind-solar farms equipped with fast communication platforms. The idea is to make renewable plant the master voltage controller during large disturbance events in the grid. This is done by proposing an enhanced voltage droop control strategy based on instantaneous reactive power consumption by monitoring the virtual impedance of the point of connection using a new customised data class model of IEC 61850 communication protocol. The conventional centralised voltage droop control strategy and the proposed instantaneous direct voltage control method are both implemented on the White Rock Solar Wind Farm in NSW, Australia and their performances are compared using both MATLAB Simulink simulations under 5% voltage step disturbances, single-phase-to-ground and three-phase-to-ground faults as well as some tests conducted in the field.
Incorporating price information in Blockchain-based energy trading
- Authors: Islam, Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: SIG SAND -Systems Analysis and Design, 2022; Minneapolis; August 10th-14th, 2022 in AMCIS 2022 Proceedings. 6.
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- Description: Blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) ecosystem is well suited for distributed energy trading as it is inherently decentralised. In a distributed energy trading, an auctioneer passes unspent reservations to the next auctioneer, as dictated by the passing mechanism. However, traditional P2P energy trading systems used passing mechanisms that only partially consider the auction capability of the next auctioneer. We propose iPass, which incorporates price information when passing unspent auction reservations in P2P energy trading environment. The three performance metrics applied to measure the trading efficiency are (a) auction convergence time, (b) the number of auction settlements, and (c) the economic surplus of buyers and sellers. We simulated the proposed mechanism in Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain framework. Hyperledger Fabric manages the data storage and smart contracts. Experiments show iPass is more efficient compared to existing passing mechanisms.
Interpretation of transformer winding deformation fault by the spectral clustering of FRA signature
- Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Tang, Chao , Chen, Yu , Zhou, Qu , Yao, Chenguo , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems Vol. 130, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) has been accepted as a widely used tool for the power industry. The interpretation of FRA can be achieved by the conventional mathematical indicators-based method, which is mostly used in the past. The newly developing artificial intelligence (AI)-based method also provides an alternative interpretation. However, in most reported AI techniques, the features of FRA signatures are directly input into the AI model to obtain the classification results. Few studies have concentrated on the separability of winding deformation faults. In this context, a spectral clustering algorithm is studied to aid in FRA interpretation. The electrical model simulation and experimental tests are performed. The FRA data processing results verify the feasibility, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Introduction
- Authors: Muyeen, S. , Islam, Syed , Blaabjerg, Frede
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Variability, Scalability and stability of microgrids 1 p.
- Full Text: false
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