Social impacts of water restrictions : Householders in the Ballarat water supply system
- Authors: Harman, Jessie , Lynch, David , McEachern, Steven
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Water Down Under Conference 2008, Adelaide, South Australia : 14th-17th April 2008 p. 2028-2041
- Full Text: false
- Description: In this paper, researchers investigate the social impact of water restrictions on households in the Ballarat and District Water Supply System. They present a general framework for evaluating the social impact of water restrictions which centres on perceptions of economic circumstances, health and well-being and community character and cohesion. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, researchers confirm that existing water restrictions are indeed having an impact, although the extent of that impact varies along key dimensions. Researchers also identify underlying drivers of attitudes towards water restrictions, namely the direct impact of water restrictions on the household, and beliefs regarding the equitable application of restrictions across the community. The research findings are significant at a number of levels. At the local level, they provide water resource practitioners and policy makers with systematic data on which to base future water resource decisions and the communication messages and support strategies that accompany such decisions. More broadly, the findings shed light on an issue of critical national importance and they contribute to our theoretical knowledge of its impacts and complexities, and strategies for measurement.
- Description: 2003006302
Seasonal and interannual variations in diatom assemblages in Murray River connected wetlands in north-west Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Gell, Peter , Sluiter, Ian , Fluin, J.
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Marine and Freshwater Research Vol. 53, no. 6 (2002), p. 981-992
- Full Text:
- Description: Epipelic diatom assemblages collected from three wetlands connected to the Murray River displayed considerable variation in response to flooding and drying phases. Murray River water input usually generated diatom assemblages dominated by Aulacoseira species. After isolation, the diatom flora of two wetlands shifted to assemblages of small Fragilariaceae forms. Elevated nutrient levels corresponded with the appearance of eutraphentic taxa such as Cyclotella meneghiniana, Eolimna subminuscula, Luticola mutica and Nitzschia palea. Further evapoconcentration induced shifts to taxa tolerant of elevated salinity levels including Amphora coffeaeformis, Navicula incertata, Staurophora salina and Tryblionella hungarica. Ordination analyses reveal a strong chemical control on the diatom taxa present in the wetlands, in accordance with known ecological preferences for salinity and nutrients. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in controlling diatom assemblages was subordinate to salinity once conductivity values exceeded 1400 μS cm–1. The results of such biomonitoring provide a means of interpreting wetland history from fossil assemblages contained in sediment sequences.
Coping with severe drought : Stories from the front line
- Authors: Barton, Andrew , Briggs, Steven , McRae-Williams, Pamela , Prior, Darcy
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Water Resources Vol. 15, no. 1 (2011), p. 21-32
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The last 12 years has seen extreme drought in western Victoria. This has impacted on the area in many ways, but none more so than in the provision of basic water supplies to people. To meet the challenge of drought, headworks storages have had to be operated at record low levels, severe water restrictions imposed, water carting programs established, alternative sources of water, and new technologies developed and used. Significant changes have also been made to the water supply infrastructure in the region, most notably the Northern-Mallee and Wimmera-Mallee Pipelines. This paper relates the story of how water resources were managed and bulk water was delivered to around 70,000 customers over a geographic spread of 62,000 km2, or about 30% of Victoria. Discussion on the social, environmental and economic impacts on the region are also provided. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2011.
Increasing incidence of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion in Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , Clapperton, Angela , McCrory, Paul
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 198, no. 8 (2013), p. 427-430
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To describe trends in hospitalisation for sport-related concussion. Design, setting and patients: Analysis of routinely collected hospital admissions data from all Victorian hospitals (public and private) over the 2002-03 to 2010-11 financial years for patients aged ≥15 years with a diagnosis of concussion and an ICD-10-AM external cause activity code indicating sport. Main outcome measures: Number and cost of hospitalisations; rate of hospitalisation per 100000 participants overall and for specific sports; and percentage change in frequency and hospitalisation rate per 100000 participants over 9 years. Results: There were 4745 hospitalisations of people aged ≥15 years for sport-related concussion, with a total hospital treatment cost of $17944799. The frequency of hospitalisation increased by 60.5% (95% CI, 41.7%-77.3%) over the 9 years, but could only partially be explained by increases in sports participation, as the rate per 100000 participants also increased significantly, by 38.9% (95% CI, 17.5%-61.7%). After adjustment for participation, rates were highest for motor sports, equestrian activities, Australian football, rugby and roller sports. The greatest significant increases in rates were seen in roller sports, rugby, soccer and cycling. Conclusions: The frequency and participation-adjusted rate of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion, both overall and across several sports, increased significantly over the 9 years. These findings, along with high levels of public concern, make prevention of head injury in sport a population health priority in Australia.
- Description: 2003011025
Family holidays - Vacation or obli-cation
- Authors: Schanzel, Heike , Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism Recreation Research Vol. 38, no. 2 (2013), p. 159-173
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Priorities for investment in injury prevention in community Australian football
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , Gabbe, Belinda , White, Peta , Lloyd, David , Twomey, Dara , Donaldson, Alex , Elliott, Bruce , Cook, Jill
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical journal of sport medicine Vol. 23, no. 6 (November 2013 2013), p. 430-438
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565907
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective:High-quality sport-specific information about the nature, type, cause, and frequency of injuries is needed to set injury prevention priorities. This article describes the type, nature, and mechanism of injuries in community Australian Football (community AF) players, as collected through field-based monitoring of injury in teams of players.Data Sources:Compilation of published prospectively collected injury data from 3 studies in junior community AF (1202 injuries in 1950+ players) and 3 studies in adult community AF (1765 injuries in 2265 players). This was supplemented with previously unpublished data from the most recent adult community AF injury cohort study conducted in 2007 to 2008. Injuries were ranked according to most common body regions, nature of injury, and mechanism.Main Results:In all players, lower limb injuries were the most frequent injury in community AF and were generally muscle strains, joint sprains, and superficial injuries. These injuries most commonly resulted from incidental contact with other players, or from overexertion. Upper limb injuries were less common but included fractures, strains, and sprains that were generally caused by incidental contact between players and the result of players falling to the ground.Conclusions:Lower limb injuries are common in community AF and could have an adverse impact on sustained participation in the game. Based on what is known about their mechanisms, it is likely that a high proportion of lower limb injuries could be prevented and they should therefore be a priority for injury prevention in community AF.
Geoffrey Blainey Research Centre
- Type: Text , Collection
- Full Text: false
- Description: The Geoffrey Blainey Research Centre (GBRC) is located on the top floor of the E.J. Barker Library (Mt Helen Campus) and includes a supervised reading room where collections can be accessed and read. The GBRC includes the Geoffrey Blainey Mining Collection and the Federation University Australia Special Collection, both of which can be searched online via the FedUni Library catalogue. The Federation University Australia Historical Collection is also located at the GBRC. This extensive collection of historical material dates from 1851 onwards. The collection covers material from the Federation University Australia's predecessors including the Ballarat School of Mines, Ballarat Teachers' College, State College of Victoria, Ballarat; the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education, Ballarat College of Advanced Education, Ballarat University College, University of Ballarat and Wimmera Institute of TAFE. GBRC contributes records to the Victorian Collections website. The centre also has created digital information including the UB Honour Roll, Ballarat & District Industrial Heritage Project and the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) Entrance book.
- Description: The Geoffrey Blainey Research Centre (GBRC) is located on the top floor of the E.J. Barker Library (Mt Helen Campus) and includes a supervised reading room where collections can be accessed and read. The GBRC includes the Geoffrey Blainey Mining Collection and the University of Ballarat Special Collection, both of which can be searched online via the UB Library catalogue. The University of Ballarat Historical Collection is also located at the GBRC. This extensive collection of historical material dates from 1851 onwards. The collection covers material from the University of Ballarat's predecessors including the Ballarat School of Mines, Ballarat Teachers' College, State College of Victoria, Ballarat; the Ballarat Institute of Advanced Education, Ballarat College of Advanced Education, Ballarat University College and Wimmera Institute of TAFE. GBRC contributes records to the Victorian Collections website. The centre also has created digital information including the UB Honour Roll, Ballarat & District Industrial Heritage Project and the Ballarat School of Mines (SMB) Entrance book.
Place attachment, sense of belonging and identity in life history narratives of Iranian Baha'i refugees
- Authors: Williams, Ruth
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Baha'i Studies Review Vol. 15, no. 1 (2009), p. 3-18
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Refugees commonly experience physical and emotional displacement. Such experiences reflect Tuan's theories relating to the anxiety of separation from home and sense of estrangement or alienation in a new land. Despite this adversity, many refugees ultimately form hybrid or trans-national identities, which allow them to operate and be accepted in two (or more) cultures. This facilitates a sense of belonging and the adaptation process to a new country and culture. The Baha'i Faith is considered to be the second most globally widespread religion after Christianity. Thus, refugees can potentially join a community anywhere in the world and be provided with a sense of familiarity, which the commonality of values and administrative structure provides. In addition, newcomers arriving in a new land are automatically affiliated to a collective identity to which they already belong. This paper draws on case study and secondary source evidence to argue that the refugee participants in this study have used the Baha'i writings, international administrative structure and global community, to construct and maintain a notion of home and sense of belonging, and thus ultimately reflect a hybrid or trans-national identity in a new land. Preliminary findings indicate that religion plays a vital role in the lives of these refugees as the central tenets of the Baha'i Faith appear to actively inform the resettlement process in a new country. Life history narratives were used as a tool for analysis in seven in-depth case study interviews with Iranian Baha'i refugees residing in and around the city of Melbourne, in the state of Victoria, Australia. The participants in this study indicated that social space gave them the strongest sense of belonging, rather than place attachment. Religious identity is explored through the affiliation to a collective membership, as it is within this context that religious identity can be strengthened via official and legitimate recognition or undermined via persecution. Collective identity on a macro scale can be associated with nationalism and trans-nationalism. The Baha'i attitude to nationalism is to afford a country its rightful respect, but discourage extreme nationalism as it is characteristically exclusionary by nature. However, the Iranian Baha'i refugees in this study identify primarily as Baha'i rather than Iranian or Australian; that is, the values under-pinning their religion outweighed the importance of place or national identity. The participants in this study embraced the notion of a global home and considered themselves citizens of the world, consequently adopting trans-national and hybrid identities. This attitude ultimately impacts on the adaptation of refugees to a new country, as they do not see themselves as moving from one home to another, but merely relocating to a different part of the one global home. (Author abstract).
Priority setting in primary health care : A framework for local catchments
- Authors: McDonald, John , Ollerenshaw, Alison
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Rural and remote health Vol. 11, no. 2 (2011), p. 1714
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Managers and staff in primary health care partnerships in local catchments, particularly in regional areas, are periodically required to work collaboratively to set health priorities. Setting priorities involves making decisions about which health needs are most important and what programs will be funded to address them. There is no universally agreed set of decision-making rules for setting priorities. Dominant approaches prioritise health economics, and have favoured expert knowledge drawn from technical-rational methodologies rather than consumer involvement and community action. However, research reveals that setting priorities is a complex, value laden, contested process buffeted by competing objectives and political interests. As such, an interdisciplinary, collaborative approach is called for. Using reflective practice from a priority setting project for a primary care partnership in a local, regional catchment in Victoria, Australia, a conceptual framework for priority setting is presented that identifies 13 interconnected factors spanning economic, political, policy, epidemiological, moral, evidentiary and evaluative domains. This interdisciplinary framework extends current knowledge about the considerations and trade-offs in setting priorities among collaborating primary health care agencies. It offers a potentially valuable heuristic tool for healthcare decision-makers in rural areas.
The Natural Resource Management Planning Portal : Perspectives for NRM planning and reporting
- Authors: Hansen, Birgita , Dahlhaus, Peter , Milne, Robert , MacLeod, Andrew , Pitfield, Chris
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Society and Natural Resources Vol. 32, no. 6 (2019), p. 709-719
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Natural Resource Management (NRM) is often conducted as a partnership between government and citizens. In Australia, government agencies formulate policy and fund implementation that may be delivered on-ground by community groups (such as Landcare). Since the late 1980s, over AUS$8b of Commonwealth investment has been made in NRM. However, quantitative evidence of environmental improvements is lacking. The NRM Planning Portal has been developed to (1) provide an online spatial information system for sharing Landcare and agency data; and (2) to facilitate NRM priority setting at local and regional planning scales. While the project successfully federates Landcare NRM activity data, challenges included (1) unstructured, non-standardized data, meaning that quantitative reporting against strategic objectives is not currently possible, and (2) a lack of common understanding about the value proposition for adopting the portal approach. Demonstrating the benefit of technology adoption is a key lesson for digital NRM planning.
Developing a regional resilience monitor
- Authors: Lawton, Alan , Valenzuela, Ernesto , Duffy, Michelle , Morgan, Damian , Joiner, Therese
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Technical report , Research Report
- Full Text:
- Description: This study develops a Regional Resilience Monitor (RRM) which will enable the measurement of changes over time in a number of key dimensions for the well-being of regional Australia. Resilience is defined as the capacity of a local community to respond to, and anticipate economic, social and environmental change and to adapt, plan and transform itself for the future. Regional Resilience – in terms of health and well-being, productivity and economic growth, managing risk, and capturing opportunities for sustainable environments and human systems – has been identified as a key strategic priority for Australia, as it has been for a number of other countries. The RRM is made up of six interlocking elements that, together, form a holistic tool and provide a composite measure. These elements are: 1. Economic Health 2. Human Capital 3. Social Well-being 4. Liveability 5. Entrepreneurialism 6. Social Capital and Social Networks The first four elements can be measured using existing data and we identify those data sources. Elements 5 and 6 can be measured using a combination of existing data and, respectively, a newly developed regional entrepreneurship survey and a newly conceived social network analysis. The RRM was developed in, and for, the Latrobe Valley and the wider Gippsland region but can be ‘rolled out’ across regional Victoria as a whole and across regional Australia.
Biology, affinity and description of an unusual aquatic new genus and species of isotomidae (collembola) from high altitude lakes in Tasmania
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Potapov, Mikhail
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Entomology Vol. 112, no. 2 (2015), p. 334-343
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: A new species of Isotomidae (Collembola) was collected from submerged stones on the edge of nine lakes on Tasmania's Central Highland Plateau. Because it did not comply fully with the characters of any existing genus, a new genus, Chionobora gen. n. is erected for it here. An Antarctic species, Desoria klovstadi (Carpenter), has characters which conform with the new genus so is formally transferred to the new genus here. The Antarctic Continent and Tasmania were last in proximity 60 million years b.p. so it is suggested both species are relicts persisting in probable ice-free refugia during glacial cycles. Gut contents of specimens of the new species exclusively contained diatoms in various stages of digestion and the species appears to graze on aquatic macrophytes, a feeding habit not recorded before for Collembola. We note the high numbers of endemic invertebrate taxa of restricted distributions in cold habitats of southern regions compared to warmer regions and stress their conservation values and threats to their populations.
Mineralogical domains within gold provinces
- Authors: Hughes, Martin , Phillips, Neil
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science Vol. 124, no. 3 (2015), p. 191-204
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mineralogical domains use hypogene minerals (i.e. minerals not modified by weathering) and related geochemical characteristics of mineral occurrences, not only ore deposits, to subdivide large mineralised regions. Their use in the Victorian gold province is described using readily available historical data and field checking, and this is a scheme that has not required modification since 1997.The Victorian province is typical of sediment-hosted hydrothermal ores in metamorphic terrains (often termed orogenic gold deposits). Five distinctly different mineral assemblages are used to subdivide all Victorian gold occurrences into eight domains up to hundreds of kilometres in length and tens of kilometres in width. These parallel the regional structural trend and most are closely associated with, or sharply bounded by, major regional-scale faults. Seismic work has shown these faults to be listric thrusts, which flatten into a zone of duplexed greenstones overlying older basement rocks in the deeper crust. Although not defined genetically or temporally, mineralogical domains provide an additional variable related to fluid flow to assist genetic interpretation such as the scale at which a combination of processes operates, permitting predictions as to the origin of the fluids and their pathways. The variations in mineralogy in Victorian gold occurrences indicate that ore fluid compositions differed significantly between adjacent domains, and between areas overlying different regions of deeper crust. The pattern of domains gives clues to the existence of multiple mineralising events and to the degree of overprinting of these events. Domains also assist genetic comparisons by projection into similar adjoining regions to create new domains, for example Tasmania (Mathinna domain and Lefroy sub-domain), NSW (Cobar domain) and New Zealand (Reefton domain). The domainal pattern has application to mineral exploration, metallurgy and environmental issues. Mineralogical domains could be applied elsewhere, particularly in the study of difficult-to-subdivide sedimenthosted gold ores and Archaean greenstone-hosted gold, and possibly for other commodities, especially those that occur as hydrothermal ores. © 2015 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and The AusIMM.
Maremma guardian dogs to protect Little Penguins
- Authors: Wallis, Robert , Wallis, Anne , Corbett, Patricia
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Pest Control Vol. 61, no. 4 (2019), p. 196-197
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a major pest in Australia, especially in its predation of so called 'critical weight range' (35-5500g) mammals. the fox is an introduced species that can also cause serious declines in bird numbers, often killing many more than they need to eat.
An orphan's escape : Memories of a lost childhood
- Authors: Golding, Frank
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Book
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: As late as 1961, nearly seven thousand children were in the custody of Victorian institutions or under the care of the Children's Welfare Department. Many of them were institutionalised simply because they had been born out of welock; more than half were admitted because of so-called 'neglect'. This is what happened to Frank Golding and his two brothers. On Christmas Eve 1940, the boys - Frank (not yet three), Bob (four), and Bill (six) - found themselves on the doorstep of an orphan asylum. They were certainly not orphans, but the boys spent most of their lost childhood inside the walls of the Ballarat Orphanage. 'An Orphan's Escape' is not just about surviving in the emotional wasteland of state care. It would take Frank fifty years to learn what had been happening 'outside the wall' while he was inside. Where were his parents? Why didn't they come for him? Why wouldn't anyone tell him? Frank's childhood puzzlement lasted half a lifetime. Theirs was by no means the only appalling story of the time. Hundreds of similar stories were told to the Federal Senate Committee's 2004 Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care. His parents rescued him at last, but the battle for their children had been at a huge cost. Files from the welfare department, the army and the police opened up a dark pit that his parents had kept hidden. Although his parents had been irresponsible in the early stages of this saga, 'An Orphan's Escape' reveals that evidence Frank discovered in the files showed they care deeply about their children.
- Description: As late as 1961, nearly seven thousand children were in the custody of Victorian institutions or under the care of the Children's Welfare Department. Many of them were institutionalised simply because they had been born out of welock; more than half were admitted because of so-called 'neglect'. This is what happened to Frank Golding and his two brothers. On Christmas Eve 1940, the boys - Frank (not yet three), Bob (four), and Bill (six) - found themselves on the doorstep of an orphan asylum. They were certainly not orphans, but the boys spent most of their lost childhood inside the walls of the Ballarat Orphanage. 'An Orphan's Escape' is not just about surviving in the emotional wasteland of state care. It would take Frank fifty years to learn what had been happening 'outside the wall' while he was inside. Where were his parents? Why didn't they come for him? Why wouldn't anyone tell him? Frank's childhood puzzlement lasted half a lifetime. Theirs was by no means the only appalling story of the time. Hundreds of similar stories were told to the Federal Senate Committee's 2004 Inquiry into Children in Institutional Care. His parents rescued him at last, but the battle for their children had been at a huge cost. Files from the wefare department, the army and the police opened up a dark pit that his parents had kept hidden. Although his parents had been irresponsible in the early stages of this saga, 'An Orphan's Escape' reveals that evidence Frank discovered in the files showed they care deeply about their children.
The Papers of George Augustus Robinson, Chief Protector, Port Philip Aboriginal Protectorate, Volume Four: Annual and Occasional Reports 1841 - 1849
- Authors: Robinson, George Augustus
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book
- Relation: Vol. 1
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Papers of George Augustus Robinson, Chief Protector, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate, Volume Four: Annual and Occasional Reports, 1841-49 is a collection of Official Reports from the Chief Protector. CONTENTS Part One: Volume 59 Correspondence and Other Papers, Both Official and Private, Port Phillip Protectorate: Official Reports - 1841, 1845; A. Expedition to Western Interior, 1841; B. Journey of 1,100 miles to the tribes of the North West and Western Interior, 1845; Part Two: Volume 60, Correspondence and Other Papers, Both Official and Private, Port Phillip Protectorate: Official Reports - 1846, 1847; A. Report of an expedition to the Aboriginal tries of the interior over more than ten thousand miles of country by George Augustus Robinson, March - August 1846; B. Report of a visit to the Goulburn, Loddon and Mount Rouse Aboriginal Stations by George Augustus Robinson, 1847; Part Three: Volume 61, Correspondence and Other Papers, Both Official and Private, Port Phillip Protectorate: Annual Reports of the Chief Protector, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849; Bibliography. [From back cover]
VFR travel in practice : Case studies from Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 24th Council for Australian Tourism and Hospitality Education Annual Conference; Brisbane, Queensland ; 10th-13th February 2014 ; published in CAUTHE 2014 - Tourism and hospitality in the contemporary world : Trends, changes and complexity p. 44-56
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travel has been highlighted through previous research as being historically ignored and underestimated by both researchers and tourism marketing practitioners. However, a new wave of research may be encouraging an awakening in industry circles as to the economic, social and political benefits. Through three case studies in Victoria, Australia of successful VFR marketing campaigns, the reasons why practitioners have developed such marketing campaigns dedicated to reach and optimise their VFR travel ‘market’ are discussed. In addition, the rationale for such campaigns, and their associated marketing activities along with the measures used to judge their effectiveness are explored. The conclusions outline the common themes and issues from the three case studies, and in particular highlight the need for the campaigns to provide economic, social and political benefits.
The perception of injury risk and safety in triathlon competition: An exploratory focus group study
- Authors: Gosling, Cameron , Donaldson, Alex , Forbes, Andrew , Gabbe, Belinda
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine Vol. 23, no. 1 (2013), p. 70-73
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVE:: To explore stakeholder perceptions of triathlon competition safety and injury risk. DESIGN:: Qualitative focus group study. SETTING:: Triathlon stakeholders from Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS:: Competition organizers, coaches, and competitors of various skill levels, age, gender, and experience (n = 18). INTERVENTIONS:: Focus groups were conducted, recorded, and transcribed for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:: Key themes were identified using content analysis. RESULTS:: The perceived risk of serious injury was highest for cycling. Running was most commonly linked to minor injuries. Physical and environmental factors, including course turning points, funneling of competitors into narrow sections, and the weather, were perceived as contributing to injury. Experience, skill level, feelings of vulnerability, personal awareness, club culture, and gender issues were perceived as the competitor-related factors potentially contributing to injury. The cycling mount/dismount area, cycling, and swim legs were the race sections perceived as the riskiest for competitors. Competition organizers were considered to generally have the competitors' best interest as a priority. Triathlons were acknowledged as risky activities and individual competitors accepted this risk. CONCLUSIONS:: This study has highlighted the main risks and concerns perceived by triathlon competitors, coaches, and competition organizers, which will help identify potential, context-relevant intervention strategies to reduce injury risk. © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
The Papers of George Augustus Robinson, Chief Protector, Port Philip Aboriginal Protectorate, Volume Three : Miscellanea
- Authors: Robinson, George Augustus
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book
- Relation: Vol. 1
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Papers of George Augustus Robinson, Chief Protector, Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate, Volume Three: Miscellanea is a collection of Aboriginal vocabularies, sketches, and other oddments. CONTENTS Part One: Volume 62, Miscellanea; A. Extracts from the Report of the Select Committee on Aborigines, House of Commons, London, 1837; B. Copies of Correspondence relating to the Port Phillip Protectorate; C. Extracts from the Sydney Gazzette relating to the Aborigines, August - September 1838; Part Two: Volume 63, Miscellanea; A. Sketchbook containing material relating to the Port Phillip Protectorate; B. Aboriginal vocabularies, sketches, and oddments; Bibliography. [From back cover]
Investigations into the ecology and management of the invasive plant Galenia pubescens within the native temperate grasslands of Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Mahmood, Ako
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Plant invasions of natural ecosystems are one of the major threats to the conservation of biological diversity across nearly all biogeographical regions in the world. This thesis focuses on Galenia pubescens (Carpet weed) as a case study of possible approaches to the potential management of environmental weed species. G. pubescens is a woody prostrate perennial plant that is becoming a serious threat to Australian temperate grasslands, surrounding agricultural areas and conservation reserves. It is indigenous to South Africa and was first recorded in Australia in the early 1900s, and it is an aggressive competitor against native species. It is difficult to control, and little information exists about its effects on natural ecosystems, and aspects of its biology and ecology. This study has investigated some important ecological characteristics of G. pubescens’ seeds and has experimented with different management strategies in combination with chemical control. It has also considered the potential for the expansion of the distribution of this species across suitable habitat in Australia under predicted elevated CO2 and drought conditions. Seeds of G. pubescens are shown to be able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures, but short bursts (5 minutes) of high temperatures (80oC to 120oC replicating possible exposures to a fire) reduced seed germination. Seed germination was positively favored by light and declined rapidly in darkness, decreasing by > 80% at a depth of only 0.5 cm in soil. This suggests that fire regimes might be useful in removing mature plants and controlling seed numbers on the surface, and that subsequent native seeding of undisturbed areas may assist in the long-term management of this noxious weed. A trial was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with a plant essential oil (pine oil) to limit the seed germination and seedling emergence of G. pubescens. This trial showed that the effects of pine oil application were significant (P<0.05). Germination was completely inhibited by application of pine oil at 5% or higher concentrations directly to seeds, and seedling emergence was reduced by between 90 and 100% in pot trials. These outcomes demonstrate the potential viability of pine oil as a long-term control option for this species. In field-based experiments, control strategies including herbicide control with glyphosate, organic herbicide control with pine oil, the application of mulch, and the addition of native seeds to the available seedbank (and all possible combinations of these techniques), were tested. The study showed that one single treatment of a G. pubescens infestation without undertaking a secondary treatment is insufficient to control the G. pubescens infestation or to encourage native regeneration, but that a combined strategy, employing all the aforementioned techniques, is more effective. It is however suggested that full regeneration of the area may not be possible unless further restoration programs are instituted after the cycle of G. pubescens’ treatment has been completed. The thesis also assessed the control effects of chemical control combined with a prescribed spring burning. Assessment of the resulting aboveground vegetation of G. pubescens has shown that a combination of chemical control and late-spring burning can reduce the cover of non-native species such as G. pubescens, suggesting that this could be a useful tool in their management. Finally, this study has supported the view that the growth of G. pubescens will be significantly enhanced in a future climate with an enriched atmospheric CO2 concentration. These climatic changes will have important implications for management of this noxious weed in the future.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy