The association of avoidance coping style, and perceived mother and father support with anxiety/depression among late adolescents : Applicability of resiliency models
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 40, no. 6 (2006), p. 1165-1176
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- Description: This study examined the applicability of the compensatory, the risk-protective, the challenge, and the protective-protective models of resiliency for the prediction of anxiety/depression from avoidance coping style (the risk factor) and perceived mother and father support (the protective factors). A total of 331 participants, with age ranging from 18 to 20 years, completed self-rating questionnaires covering perceived mother support, perceived father support, avoidance coping style, and anxiety/depression. Results showed that for perceived mother support as the protective factor, there was support for the compensatory, the risk-protective, and the challenge models. With perceived father support as the protective factor, there was support for the compensatory and challenge models. When both perceived mother and father support were considered together, there was support for the protective-protective model. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002027
Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of negative and positive emotional information processing : Comparing Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Cooper, Andrew
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 16, no. 5 (2002), p. 333-350
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- Description: This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Description: 2003000179
Convergent, discriminant and concurrent validities of measures of the behavioural approach and behavioural inhibition systems : Confirmatory factor analytic approach
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 38, no. 1 (2005), p. 87-102
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- Description: Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) suggests that personality reflects the operation of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), and the behavioural approach system (BAS). Several measures have been proposed for the BAS and BIS. Based on ratings by 358 adults of the BAS measures of EPI impulsivity, Carver and White's (CW) BAS and GRAPES reward expectancy, and the BIS related measures of STAI-anxiety, CW BIS and GRAPES punishment expectancy, this study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine their convergent and discriminant validities. CFA was also used to examine the relations of the BAS and BIS factors with latent extraversion and neuroticism. The results of this study indicated support for the convergent validities of all the BAS and BIS measures. With the exception of GRAPES reward expectancy, there was some support for their discriminant validities also. All BIS factors correlated negatively with extraversion and positively with neuroticism. Among the BAS measures, only EPI impulsivity correlated positively with both extraversion and neuroticism. These findings support their concurrent validities. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001242
An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 6 (2005), p. 1093-1103
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- Description: The Carver and White BIS/BAS Scales comprise a scale for measuring behavioural inhibition sensitivity and three scales for measuring the behavioural activation sensitivity factors of reward responsiveness, drive and fun seeking. Item response theory (IRT), using Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was used to examine the psychometric properties of these four scales. A total of 520 adult participants completed the BIS/BAS Scales. Although all items in all four scales were reasonably effective in discriminating their respective traits, they provided good measures of their respective latent traits from only moderately low to moderately high trait levels. Also, the category response curves for the first three of the four response options for the items in the reward responsiveness scale showed considerable overlap. These findings suggest some limitations in the psychometric qualities of the BIS/BAS Scale. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001244
A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD and ODD rating scales with Malaysian children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Hafetz, Nina
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 33, no. 2 (2005), p. 241-254
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- Description: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to model a multitrait by multisource matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 917 Malaysian elementary school children. The three trait factors were ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD. The two source factors were parents and teachers. Similar to earlier studies with Australian and Brazilian children, the parent and teacher measures failed to show convergent and discriminant validity with Malaysian children. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects in ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD measures for the use of such parent and teacher scales to study the symptom dimensions. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001246
Testing gender differential item functioning for ordinal and binary scored parent rated ADHD symptoms
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 42, no. 4 (2007), p. 733-742
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- Description: The study used the ordinal logistic regression method to examine gender differential item functioning (DIF) for ratings of the ADHD symptoms. This was examined for two different response scoring methods: ordinal and binary. Parents from the general community completed ratings for 742 and 733 primary school-aged girls and boys, respectively. Results indicate no gender DIF for all the ordinal scored inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptoms, and all the binary scored IA symptoms. For the binary scored HI symptoms, there was DIF for one symptom, while DIF could not be computed for three symptoms. Overall, these findings suggest minimal gender DIF for the ADHD symptoms. The implications of the findings for the use of ADHD rating scales in clinical practice are discussed. © 2006.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005741
Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory : Comparing the separable and joint subsystems. Hypotheses in the predictions of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information processing
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , McOrmond, Rhonda , Tatlow, Sarah
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 37, no. 2 (2004), p. 289-305
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- Description: This study compared the applicability of the separable subsystems hypothesis and the joint subsystems hypothesis of Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) in understanding the processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli. In all 132 participants completed questionnaires covering trait impulsivity and anxiety, and reward expectancy and punishment expectancy. Following this, participants were tested individually on three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral information. One task involved processing the valence of words. The second involved free recall of these words, and the third task involved developing stories based on emotionally ambiguous statements. The findings were mixed, with the results for the word processing and free recall tasks being consistent with the separable subsystems hypothesis, and the results for the story completion task being consistent with the joint subsystems hypothesis. The implications of task characteristics in relation to the RST and cognitive processing of emotional information are discussed. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000962
Underlying processes in the poor response inhibition of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 6, no. 3 (2003), p. 111-122
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- Description: This study evaluated the effects of reward, punishment, and reward + punishment on the impulsive responses of ADHD children. The impulsive responses of ADHD and normal control boys (30 per group) were compared during performance of a go/no-go task, administered under reward-only, punishment-only, and reward + punishment conditions. When differences in aggression, anxiety, and IQ between these groups were controlled for, results indicated that the impulsivity levels of the ADHD group were higher than the control group in all three reinforcement conditions. Also, the ADHD group was more impulsive in the reward + punishment condition, compared to the reward-only and punishment-only conditions, and there was no difference between the reward-only and punishment-only conditions. The control groups showed no difference across the three reinforcement conditions. These findings raise the possibility that the poor response inhibition of ADHD children may be related to both a generalized inhibitory deficit and a response modulation deficit.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000492
ADHD bifactor model based on parent and teacher ratings of Malaysian children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 8, no. 1 (2014), p. 47-51
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Housing type and depressive symptoms among older adults: a test of sense of belonging as a mediating and moderating variable
- Authors: McLaren, Suzanne , Turner, Jayne , Gomez, Rapson , McLachlan, Angus , Gibbs, Petah
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging & Mental Health Vol. 17, no. 8 (November 2013), p. 1023-1029
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- Description: Objectives: Higher levels of depression have been documented among older adults who reside in an assisted living facility, compared with those who remain in their own homes. The aims of the current study were to test whether the relationship between housing type and depressive symptoms was mediated by a sense of belonging and whether housing type and sense of belonging interact to influence the depressive symptoms among older adults (moderation model).Method: A sample of 257 older adults who lived in their own homes and 166 older adults who lived in an assisted living facility completed the psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.Results: Results showed that a sense of belonging partially mediated the relationship between housing type and depressive symptoms, such that living in a nursing home was associated with lower levels of belonging, and lower levels of belonging were, in turn, associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Residing in an assisted living facility was associated with depressive symptoms at low and average levels of belonging.Conclusion: Results highlight the need for more research on the role of sense of belonging as an influencing factor on depressive symptoms among institutionalised older adults for both theoretical and treatment goals.
- Description: C1
Agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom groups: A correlated trait-correlated method minus one analysis
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 82, no. (2015), p. 131-135
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- Description: This study examined the level of agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings, and adolescent ratings with teacher ratings of the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptom groups of ADHD. A total of 214 adolescents provided self-ratings of IA and HI, and their IA and HI were also rated by their mothers and teachers. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one model was applied, with adolescent ratings as the reference method, and the other two ratings as the non-reference methods. The findings indicated no additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could not be accounted by mother ratings of IA and HI, respectively. In contrast, there was additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could was not accounted by teacher ratings of IA and HI, respectively. The findings suggest that when diagnosing ADHD in adolescents, their reports of their own ADHD behaviors are not needed when mother reports of such behaviors are used. © 2015.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale: Measurement and structural invariance across ratings of older adult men and women
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 75, no. (2015), p. 130-134
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- Description: The current study examined the measurement and structural invariance of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) across ratings provided by older adult men (. n=. 573) and women (. n=. 605). Ratings were modeled in terms of the original four-factor oblique model: a simple structure with correlated factors for Depressed Affect, Positive Affect, Somatic Symptoms, and Interpersonal Difficulties. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis supported full measurement and structural invariance, and no sex difference for the four latent factors. These findings indicate good support for measurement and structural invariance of CES-D ratings across older adult men and women. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Incidence rates of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children as measured by parent ratings of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire
- Authors: Suhaimi, Aida Farhana , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 6, no. 6 (2013), p. 528-531
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- Description: Background The aim of this study was to ascertain the rates of emotional and behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and low prosocial behaviour) of Malaysian children. Methods In all 1407 Malaysian parents completed ratings of their children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results The findings indicating that for these emotional and behavioural problems, about 5% are at the abnormal level and that another 10% are at the borderline abnormal level. This study also provided normative cut-off scores to ascertain borderline and abnormal bands for these problems. Discussion The clinical and cultural implications of the findings are discussed.
Teacher ratings of ODD symptoms: Measurement equivalence across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 8, no. 1 (2014), p. 52-55
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- Description: Background The study examined the measurement equivalence for teacher ratings across Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian children. Methods Malaysian teachers completed ratings of the ODD symptoms for 574 Malay, 247 Chinese and 98 Indian children. Results The results supported the equivalences for the configural, metric, and error variances models, and the equivalences for ODD latent variances and mean scores. Discussion Together, these findings suggest good support for measurement and structural equivalences of the ODD symptoms across these ethnic groups. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for cross-cultural equivalence of the ODD symptoms are discussed.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in an adult sample: Associations with Rothbart's temperament dimensions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Kyriakides, Chantelle , Devlin, Elaine
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 60, no. (2014), p. 73-78
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- Description: Relationships between Rothbart's 13 temperament sub-dimensions and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) factors for the 2-factor model [inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) domains] and the bifactor model (general ADHD, and specific factors for IA and HI) were examined in 267 adults from the general population. Regression analyses revealed that (1) both the IA and HI factors in the 2-factor model and the general ADHD factor in the bifactor model were predicted positively by sad, discomfort and associative sensitivity, and negatively by activation control, (2) the HI domain factor in the 2-factor model was also predicted negatively by inhibitory control, (3) the specific IA factor in the bifactor model was predicted negatively by activation control and attention control, and (4) the HI specific factor in the bifactor model was predicted negatively by inhibitory control and positively by sociability. These theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2014.
Generalised anxiety disorder : Relationships with Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Francis, Lee M.
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 34, no. 1 (2003), p. 3-17
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- Description: This study examined how the presence and severity of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were associated with trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. A total of 40 individuals with a diagnosis of GAD and 40 non-GAD control participants completed self-rating questionnaires covering GAD symptoms, trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. Results indicated that the GAD group had significantly higher scores for neuroticism and trait anxiety, and significantly lower scores for extraversion than the control group. Among individuals with GAD, the severity of GAD was positively associated with trait anxiety and neuroticism, and negatively with extraversion. Also, the additional variance contributed by neuroticism and extraversion over trait anxiety was significant, while trait anxiety made no additional contribution over that made by neuroticism and extraversion. The interaction of neuroticism and extraversion failed to contribute to both the presence and the severity of GAD. These findings are discussed in terms of how the personality models of Eysenck, Gray, and Newman are related to the presence and severity of GAD. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000568
Children with cormobid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder : Mediation by hostile biased social cognitions on the relation between perceived maternal parenting styles and the disruptive behavior symptoms
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Focus on Behaviorial Psychology Chapter 9 p. 47-65
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- Description: B1
- Description: 2003000502
Understanding source effects in ADHD rating scales : Reply to DuPaul (2003)
- Authors: Burns, Leonard , Gomez, Rapson , Walsh, James , De Moura, Marcela Alves
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), p. 118-119
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- Description: G.J. DuPaul (2003) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L. Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (2003) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000494
The spiritual well-being questionnaire : Testing for model applicability, measurement and structural equivalencies, and latent mean differences across gender
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Fisher, John
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 8 (2005), p. 1383-1393
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- Description: Fisher (1998) proposed a spiritual well-being model, comprising primary factors for the domains of personal, communal, environmental and transcendental well-being, that cohere to form a single higher order or global spiritual well-being dimension. In line with this model, Gomez and Fisher (2003) published the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ), with scales for measuring personal, communal, environmental and transcendental spiritual well-being. This study used multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine gender equivalencies of the measurement and structural models of the SWBQ, and the latent mean in the four SWBQ factors. A total of 3101 females and 1361 males, with age ranging from 15 to 32 years, completed the SWBQ. The statistical fit results supported the invariance of the measurement model, and some aspects of the structural model. The practical fit indices results provided support for the invariance of both the measurement and structural models. The results also showed little gender differences. Together, these findings support gender equivalencies for the SWBQ. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Description: C1
Malaysia parent ratings of the parent–parental acceptance–rejection questionnaire: Invariance across ratings of Malay, Chinese, and Indian Children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Suhaimi, Aida Farhana
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cross-Cultural Research Vol. 49, no. 1 (2015), p. 90-105
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- Description: This study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure to examine the measurement and structural invariance across Malaysian Malay (n = 724), Chinese (n = 372), and Indian (n = 259) parent ratings of their children on the short version of the Parent–Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (Parent-PARQ/S). The Parent-PARQ/S measures parents’ perceptions of their rejection of their children and has scales for coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and undifferentiated rejection. Results provided strong support for the measurement and structural invariance of the Parent-PARQ/S. In addition, the three ethnic groups did not differ for all four latent mean scores.