Correct or global english : an instrument of social control or the great equaliser
- Authors: Terry, Daniel , Lê, Thao
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Linguistics and Language Education in New Horizons: The Link between Theory, Research and Pedagogy p. 3-15
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- Description: The English language has developed to become one of the more commonly languages globally. It is used for commerce, science and within the media; however, not all =Englishes' are equal. This chapter provides a brief overview of the development of English; its use as an international language, and to highlight the issues borne through =correct' English which leads to linguistic prejudice, superiority and judgment. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective, the chapter will focus on the discourse of English as social practice while examining the social injustices as they manifest among those who use the English language. Through this process, using CDA, the chapter seeks is to uncover the power relationship and social inequities among groups that use the English language. The example of non-native English authors is used to demonstrate that a more inclusive rather than divisive and exclusive English is advocated to be recognised. In so doing the dominance and hegemony of native users of standard English needs to be moderated. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet-mediated ethnography : issues and challenges in social science research discourse
- Authors: Jang, Sun-hee , Terry, Daniel , Lê, Thao
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Conducting Research in a Changing and Challenging World p. 173-184
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- Description: Turing their attention to the trend of social and cultural changes heavily influencedby the constant development of new technologies, researchers have endeavored to pavenew ways in conducting ethnographic studies to cultivate social meanings embedded inInternet-mediated environments. With the expansion of different ethnographic practicesin online settings, methodological operations documented in the literature are showingchanges in the way researchers shape and perform ethnography. When considering thenotion of ethnography, which cannot radically change, the traditional ethnographic viewtowards online ethnographic research is at odds with these researchers. Their attempts areseen as the inappropriateness of ethnographic studies, rather than facilitating innovativeapproaches to the ethnographic field.This chapter discusses three key arguments from the plethora of debate whichsurrounds Internet-mediated ethnographic studies. These key arguments include: how canthe research field be defined when borderless; is it ethnography when the observation ofindividuals and communities is not conducted in person; and how can text-basedconversation be merely trusted to be rich and meaningful enough to demonstrate a newsocial formation? Emphasising these issues contributes to the current discussion about developing newdirections of ethnography to unfold further social aspects of online culture. From anepistemological perspective, this chapter argues that the significance of ethnographicstudies is not simply defined by what ethnographical research is, but also by how itshould respectively be conducted. Therefore, there is a need for further attention tocontinually develop approaches which enable online ethnographic researchers to act in anexplicit and systematic manner to explore, with ease, the online domain and its culture. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
The challenges of conducting literature reviews in research : attempting to stand on the shoulders of giants
- Authors: Terry, Melissa , Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Conducting Research in a Changing and Challenging World 4 p. 33-44
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- Description: Post-graduate research has been paralleled to many familiar, but daunting activities including climbing a mountain, negotiating a maze or even eating an elephant or a whale. The common elements between these metaphors and research, is the difficulty of the task and the reward at its conclusion. This chapter introduces the challenges of conducting a literature review by addressing first, what a literature review actually is and its purpose. Further, the elements of preparation, organisation, persistence, patience, enthusiasm and communication are highlighted as essential elements to its success. In this chapter the common challenges of conducting a successful literature review are also reviewed. These include finding what is important; what is available and where; what the information means; how to keep track of it; and its reliability once gathered. In addition, tips are shared to make the review process more user friendly. As the chapter heading declares, by understanding the literature review and its process, we can truly stand on the shoulders of giants and subsequently enter the realm of published scholars.
Language, ideology and identity : education implications for Afghanistan
- Authors: Terry, Daniel , Yeoh, Joanne , Terry, Melissa
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Linguistics and Language Education in New Horizons: The Link between Theory, Research and Pedagogy 9 p. 101-111
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- Description: War and conflict have been widespread in Afghanistan for more than three decades, with insurmountable atrocities, human suffering and population displacement. Over one and half million Afghans have died and eight million have become refugees or internally displaced people because of conflict. Afghans continue to be the world's largest refugee population, the majority being women, children and the elderly. The political and sociocultural background to the conflict and how it has influenced population displacement throughout the region will be outlined in detail. The psychosocial and psychological effects of trauma will be discussed, including how these situations impact both male and female Afghanis. The examination will discuss young male refugees, a vulnerable population who are recruited and trained as resistance fighters to further expand Jihad and maintain control of Afghanistan. The examination will also identify an increase in post war antagonism, domestic violence and domination of women within Afghan communities. Overall, the chapter will discuss how lingering and new world ideologies are impacted by education, language and identity. The discussion will conclude with recommendations for policy, practice and interventions to effectively respond to the educational needs of those who remain physically and psychologically displaced by conflict and those who now live in post war Afghanistan. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Vocabulary teaching, learning and as a social practice
- Authors: Yeoh, Joanne , Terry, Daniel , Terry, Melissa
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Linguistics and Language Education in New Horizons: The Link between Theory, Research and Pedagogy p. 219-231
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- Description: Vocabulary is an essential item in language teaching and learning, although sometimes it is neglected. In order to produce an effective vocabulary teaching and learning, instructors and learners must understand the background of vocabulary including breath, depth and word knowledge. Some effective strategies are introduced to make vocabulary learning more attractive and interesting for learners. Inevitably, vocabulary teaching and learning is not only a method and instrument, but also interpreted as social practice from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective, which involves the discourse of social control, trust and meaning making. These three discourses should be taken into consideration as they may influence the vocabulary teaching and learning outcome. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
The globalisation of health care and health care professional acculturation
- Authors: Terry, Daniel , Terry, Melissa
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Acculturation: Psychology, Processes and Global Perspectives p. 235-250
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- Description: Acculturation has been viewed as a collective experience; however it can also be highly individualized, this is particularly evident among health professionals who are part of the health care globalisation phenomenon. This chapter outlines, highlights and discusses the acculturation process and how this impacts both individuals, cultural groups and how it continues to shape migrant health care professionals, particularly in the West. A succinct analysis and discussion highlights that acculturation facilitates trust, co-operation and connections between migrant and local health care professionals while the community remains central to meet the needs of the individual. It also outlines the acculturation process is dependent upon the experiences which an individual encounters in the host community, their shift in behaviour, the acculturative stress and psychopathology they experience which leads to ultimate adaptation. Also acculturation is dependent upon other aspects such as mobility, voluntariness and permanence; the level of cultural preservation; and the development of new social networks in the workplace and host society. Lastly, acculturation is also determined by the cultural distance to, social support of and acceptance from the community including the individuals own capacity to acculturate. The discussion will conclude with recommendations for policy, practice and interventions to effectively respond to the acculturation needs of health professionals who migrate to developed countries, particularly rural areas. © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
African higher education : the renaissance and reformation of language
- Authors: Muzoora, Michael , Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Linguistics and Language Education in New Horizons: The Link between Theory, Research and Pedagogy p. 197-209
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- Description: African higher education plays a central role for social, economic and cultural transformation. This is achieved by advancing knowledge and developing human resource to meet the labour force needs. In addtion, universities are the guardian of people's culture and heritage. This chapter outlines a historical overview to provide context to higher education development in Africa. It highlights the continued dominance of western intellectual, linguistic and cultural imperialism in African higher education. In addition, it examines the language used within African higher education to maintain the status quo in the era of student =massification', democratisation of institutional reform, and the transformation to knowledge based societies. What is evident is that African higher education is in the shadow of foreign hegemonic associations maintained through cultural and intellectual domination and well-established ideological conditioning to capitalism. As such, it remains indifferent to the broader political and socio-economic challenges on the continent and detached from the societies in which they are located. The chapter advocates African higher education to embrace an epistemological view which is rooted in an indigenous linguistic and social-cultural approach to reform the university's relationship within society, to fulfill its roles of knowledge production, research and service. Thus, African higher education must refocus and rewrite its approach to become an institution which preoccupies itself almost entirely on gathering, processing, storage and dissemination of knowledge that empowers its society. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Critical discourse analysis as a research paradigm in language studies : the 2001 Howard campaign speech
- Authors: Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Linguistics and Language Education in New Horizons: The Link between Theory, Research and Pedagogy p. 87-99
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- Description: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a research paradigm in language studies is a complex framework which is informed by a large number of approaches to critically analyse discourse; to understand the relationship between discourse and power within text and speech; and advocate correction and empower change. It demonstrates how discourse is developed and fashioned by its relationship with power, ideology and used to shape or sustain the social status quo and unequal power relations. Despite an overabundance of political speeches, discussions and media reports concerning asylum seekers and refugees, sections of John Howard's 2001 election campaign launch speech is used to illustrate how CDA can critically analyse discourse. A succinct analysis of the speech demonstrates how CDA exposes hidden meanings within text and to ascertain the relationship between power, position, and language. It outlines the subtleties of and the type of language used to assert authority, power, dominance and exploitation. The analysis demonstrates that unfounded connections were made between terrorism and asylum seekers-that asylum seekers were potential perpetrators of terrorism. He asserted that increased powers of central government are in the best interest of national security. © 2015 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Qualitative research from concepts to analysis
- Authors: Terry, Daniel , Lê, Quynh , Terry, Melissa , Kirschbaum, Mark
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Conducting Research in a Changing and Challenging World 8 p. 79-90
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- Description: There are two main research approaches which are widely used by researchers: quantitative and qualitative research. They represent different research paradigms. The former is closely associated with statistically oriented scientific inquiry and the latter has become increasingly popular in social inquiry. In other words, the former is about numbers and variable relationships and the latter is about meaning and meaning making. Thematic analysis and grounded theories are often used together in qualitative inquiry in search of themes and theoretical constructs. Discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis focus more on discourse structure, social context, and empowerment. This chapter discusses these four types of analyses in qualitative research.
Conquering everest-researching into thin air : a research journey reflection
- Authors: Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Conducting Research in a Changing and Challenging World p. 311-320
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- Description: The research journey has been compared to a great river, a maze and even eating anelephant or climbing a mountain. Whatever the research journey is parallel to; there arecommon elements which are analogous within any comparison. The research journey isguided by fundamental principles of preparation, communication, negotiation andadaptation, while being underpinned by enthusiasm, determination and ethics to guidesthe process. This chapter will focus on the research journey from a personal view throughthe allegory of conquering Everest, which continues to aid my expedition. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.