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Aphasia rehabilitation when speech pathologists and clients do not share the same language: a scoping review

  • Authors: Larkman, Chelsea , Mellahn, Kathleen , Han, Weifeng , Rose, Miranda
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Aphasiology Vol. 37, no. 4 (2023), p. 635-657
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  • Description: Growing cultural and linguistic diversity globally is increasingly requiring speech pathologists to provide effective and equitable aphasia rehabilitation to clients with whom they do not share a language. Little is known about how rehabilitation is being adapted and provided when a language mismatch arises between the therapist and the client. This scoping review aims to systematically map the evidence related to aphasia rehabilitation when the speech pathologist and the client do not share a language. A comprehensive search was conducted in September 2020. Twenty studies comprising surveys and/or interviews and descriptive publications were reviewed. Speech pathologists frequently report a lack of confidence, skill, and preparation to work with culturally and linguistically diverse clients with aphasia. Furthermore, there is a shortage of published evidence, guidelines, resources, and access to interpreters to support their practice. Further research is needed into aphasia rehabilitation when there is no shared language between client and speech pathologist, with particular attention to the therapy approach selected and adaptations required for the target language and culture. Information is needed concerning how the speech pathologist and interpreter work together, as well as the experiences of interpreters and people with aphasia and their families.

Applications of Computed Tomography (CT) in environmental soil and plant sciences

  • Authors: Zhang, Huan , He, Hailong , Gao, Yanjun , Mady, Ahmed , Filipović, Vilim , Dyck, Miles , Lv, Jialong , Liu, Yang
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Soil and Tillage Research Vol. 226, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Computed tomography (CT) in combination with advanced image processing can be used to non-invasively and non-destructively visualize complex interiors of living and non-living media in 2 and 3-dimensional space. In addition to medical applications, CT has also been widely used in soil and plant science for visual and quantitative descriptions of physical, chemical, and biological properties and processes. The technique has been used successfully on numerous applications. However, with a rapidly evolving CT technologies and expanding applications, a renewed review is desirable. Only a few attempts have been made to collate and review examples of CT applications involving the integrated field of soil and plant research in recent years. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to: (1) briefly introduce the basic principles of CT and image processing; (2) identify the research status and hot spots of CT using bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science literature over the past three decades; (3) provide an overall review of CT applications in soil science for measuring soil properties (e.g., porous soil structure, soil components, soil biology, heat transfer, water flow, and solute transport); and (4) give an overview of applications of CT in plant science to detect morphological structures, plant material properties, and root-soil interaction. Moreover, the limitations of CT and image processing are discussed and future perspectives are given. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Applications of power electronics in renewable energy systems

  • Authors: Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Power Electronics Handbook Chapter 23 p. 797-843
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  • Description: The Kyoto and Paris agreements on global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have prompted renewed interest in the adoption of clean renewable energy systems worldwide. Many renewable energy technologies have been well developed over the years and become morereliable, and cost-competitive with conventional fuel-based generation. The cost of renewable energy technologies is on a falling trend and is expected to fall further with the increase in demand and production. There are many renewable energy sources (RES) such as biomass, solar, wind, mini-hydro, and tidal power. However, solar and wind energy systems make use of advanced power electronics technologies, and therefore, the focus in this chapter will be on solar photovoltaic and wind power systems. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Artificial intelligence enabled digital twin for predictive maintenance in industrial automation system : a novel framework and case study

  • Authors: Siddiqui, Mustafa , Appuhamillage, Gayan , Hewawasam, Hasitha
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, ICM 2023, Leicestershire UK, 15-17 March 2023, Proceedings - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, ICM 2023
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  • Description: Industrial automation systems are excessively used in advanced manufacturing environments. These systems are always prone to failure which not only disturbs smooth manufacturing operations but can also cause injuries to operators. Therefore, in this research, a novel predictive maintenance algorithm is proposed that can be used to detect anomalies in the automation system to avoid asset failure. Artificial Intelligence enabled Digital Twin model was used to detect early anomalies to avoid catastrophic effects of equipment failure. Real-time sensor data were used to validate the proposed novel algorithm. The data were recorded via sensors mounted on the physical system. This paper presents the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to detect anomalies in industrial automation systems under faulty conditions. © 2023 IEEE.

Assembling more-than-human stories: outdoor environmental education as a co-production

  • Authors: Jukes, Scott , Reeves, Ya
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Learning to confront ecological precarity : engaging with more-than-human worlds Chapter 4 p. 51-74
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  • Description: This chapter draws upon pedagogical experimentation on a ski-touring journey in the Australian Alps. The aim of the chapter is to build upon place-responsive pedagogies in OEE with insight from new materialist and posthumanist theory. The chapter focusses on the generative potential of considering co-productions and assemblages that include the materiality of a more-than-human world. Combining place-responsive and new materialist ideas, the concept of more-than-human stories is offered as a pedagogical strategy that may challenge anthropocentrism and develop different ways of thinking about and with more-than-human places. An example of these ideas in practice is offered, where Ya, an undergraduate student, presents her more-than-human story—One Single Moment—a picture-story book created on the ski-touring journey. Following her picture-story book, she maps the conditions of possibility, the various pedagogical influences that led to the creation of One Single Moment. The aim through this chapter is to offer methodological and pedagogical insight into using new materialist theories in creative and productive ways. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Association of fear of negative evaluation with performance anxiety : mediation by negative self-statements and moderation by positive self-statements during performance in adults

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment Vol. 45, no. 3 (2023), p. 650-658
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  • Description: Using individual differences constructs, the current study used cross-sectional data to examine the mediating role of negative self-statements during public speaking on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and public speaking anxiety (a type of performance anxiety), and how this relationship was moderated by positive self-statements during public performance. The sample comprised 319 adults (men = 105, women = 214) from the general Australian community, with ages ranging from 18 years to 65 years. All participants completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings showed that there was partial mediation by negative self-statements on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and performance anxiety. There were also moderation effects by positive self-statements for this relationship. Additionally, moderation by positive self-statements was evident at all levels of positive self-statements. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for public speaking anxiety are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Associations of reinforcement sensitivity theory personality constructs, cognitive biases for negative and threatening social information, and social anxiety

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Typuszak, Natasha
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Current Psychology Vol. 42, no. 17 (2023), p. 14159-14170
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  • Description: Background: Using Kimbrel’s (2008) mediation model of social anxiety as a theoretical framework, the primary aim of the current study was to use path analysis to examine how biased cognitions for negative and threatening social information mediated the relationships for the personality constructs of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) with generalized and specific social anxiety (target mediation model). A secondary aim was to examine reverse mediation testing (RMT) models, in which the social anxiety constructs were viewed as mediating the relations between RST constructs and biased social cognition constructs. Methods: A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires measuring the behavioral inhibition system/fight-flight-freeze system (BIS/FFFS), the behavioral approach system (BAS), social comparison (SC), social ineptness (SI), and generalized and specific social anxiety. Results: The findings for the target mediation model showed that there was support for indirect effects for the BIS/FFFS and the BAS on generalized and specific social anxiety through SC and SI. For the RMT model, there was support for the indirect effect of the RST constructs with SI through generalized social anxiety. However, specific generalized anxiety did not mediate the relations of the BIS/FFFS and BAS to SC. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of cognitive therapy that targets SC and SI in the treatment of social anxiety, especially among those with high BIS/FFFS and low BAS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Automated methods for diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and predicting severity level

  • Authors: Ayaz, Zainab , Naz, Saeeda , Khan, Naila , Razzak, Imran , Imran, Muhammad
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Neural Computing and Applications Vol. 35, no. 20 (2023), p. 14499-14534
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  • Description: The recent advancements in information technology and bioinformatics have led to exceptional contributions in medical sciences. Extensive developments have been recorded for digital devices, thermometers, digital equipments and health monitoring systems for the automated disease diagnosis of different diseases. These automated systems assist doctors with accurate and efficient disease diagnosis. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nervous system. Over the years, numerous efforts have been reported for the efficient automatic detection of Parkinson’s disease. Different datasets including voice data samples, radiology images, and handwriting samples and gait specimens have been used for analysis and detection. Techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have been used broadly and reported promising results. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the use of artificial intelligence for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. The available datasets and their various properties are discussed in detail. Further, a thorough overview is provided for the existing algorithms, methods and approaches utilizing different datasets. Several key peculiarities and challenges are also provided based on the comprehensive literature review to diagnose a healthy or unhealthy person. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Autoregressive models for biomedical signal processing

Behavioural indicators of compassionate nursing care of individuals with complex needs : a naturalistic inquiry

  • Authors: Younas, Ahtisham , Porr, Caroline , Maddigan, Joy , Moore, Julia , Navarro, Pablo , Whitehead, Dean
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 32, no. 13-14 (2023), p. 4024-4036
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  • Description: Aims and objectives: To explore behavioural indicators of compassionate nursing care from the perspectives of individuals with multimorbidities and complex needs. Background: Complex patients are individuals with multimorbidity and/or mental health concerns, andoften with medication and drug-related problems requiring ongoing person-centered care, mental health interventions, and family and community resources. They are frequent consumers of health-care services and it is documented that these patients experience discrimination and substandard care. Compassionate care can improve patient care experiences and health outcomes. However, missing is the guidance on how to provide compassionate care for this population from the perspectives of complex patients. Design: A qualitative descriptive approach was conducted in eastern Canada from December 2020–April 2021. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting. Methods: Data from in-person and virtual semi-structured interviews with 23 individuals having experiences as complex patients were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Among them 19 were homeless and lived in a shelter. Findings: Six indicators of compassionate nursing care were generated: sensitivity, awareness, a non-judgmental approach, a positive demeanour, empathic understanding, and altruism. Conclusions: Individuals perceived that nurses who acknowledge personal biases are better at providing compassionate care by manifesting compassion through their genuine and selfless interest in the complicated health problems and underlying socio-cultural determinants of each patient. Kindness, positivity, and a respectful nursing approach elicit openness and the sharing of heartfelt concerns. Relevance to clinical practice: Comprehensive health assessment, dedicated efforts to know the patient as a human being, and listening to the patient's preferences can improve health outcomes among individuals with complex needs. Healthcare administrators can effect the change by supporting nurses to address complex health and social care needs with compassion. Patient or public contribution: Patients and healthcare professionals helped in data collection at the community care centre. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Benchmark23 : undergraduate visual arts

  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Artwork , Visual art work
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  • Description: BENCHMARK23 UNDERGRADUATE VISUAL ARTS THU 20 JUL - SUN 13 AUG 2023 Please join us for the students' exhibition opening on Fri 21 July @5, for 5.30pm. All welcome! An important annual Arts Academy Visual Arts undergraduate students’ exhibition, BENCHMARK showcases a rich mix of works of art completed individually and collaboratively across a broad range of media and studio areas, including painting, printmaking, ceramics and digital media. Here, students not only illustrate high levels of creative skill and ingenuity but also reveal complex concepts and ideas that underpin dynamic approaches, styles and interpretations. *OPEN FOR 'OPEN DAY' SUN 13 AUG 2023 Image: Peta Kalisperis Untitled, 2023 linoprint on paper H76 X W56 cm Courtesy the artist

Bidialectal CALD learners of English : implications on bilingual language disorders and differential diagnosis1

  • Authors: Han, Weifeng , Brebner, Chris
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Typical and Atypical Language Development in Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Chapter 10 p. 195-210
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  • Description: Bidialectal learners are found to have better language awareness than monodialectal speakers in their first language (L1). However, few studies have investigated the role of L1 bidialectism in second language (L2) acquisition. Therefore, little is known as to whether error patterns in L2 are caused by learners’ diverse L1 dialectal backgrounds. This study investigates the role of L1 bidialectism on L2, particularly the syntax-semantics interface. Participants were 78 L1-monodialectal (Mandarin) and 79 L1-bidialectal (Mandarin and Wu) English L2 learners. All participants completed a sentence-picture matching task of 40 sentences that were different at the syntax-semantics interface between L1 and L2. The participants performing in the top and bottom 10% were interviewed. The results were both quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. An L1 bidialectal advantage in comprehension at the L2 syntax-semantics interface was found when the interface yields more readings in L2 than in L1. This study provides evidence that L1 bidialectism is an important factor to consider in second language acquisition and speech-language pathology studies. For clinicians, this provides evidence that bidialectism may also impact culturally and linguistically diverse children’s L2 performance and should be considered when making a differential diagnosis between language differences and disorders. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Weifeng Han and Chris Brebner; individual chapters, the contributors.

Bilateral insider threat detection : harnessing standalone and sequential activities with recurrent neural networks

Biosynthetic organic solar cell biorefinery to fulfil Australian baseload power demands

  • Authors: Ghayur, Adeel
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids, ETFG 2023, Wollongong, 3-6 December 2023, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids, ETFG 2023
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  • Description: Renewable energy technologies are fundamental to mitigating climate change. However, the intermittent nature associated with wind and solar technologies is the biggest hurdle to their implementation in baseload grid. The other two issues are incorporation of fossil fuel derived materials in their synthesis and end-of-life recycling. These issues for solar panels have been addressed here. In this study, for the first time, a pathway for the incorporation of renewable organic materials in the synthesis of organic solar cells has been developed. While this novel biorefinery concept has been developed for Australia, it is just as applicable in other regions. In this concept, 650,000 metric tons of non-food bio-waste is consumed for the production of organic materials that manufacture solar cells with 14 GW nameplate capacity, annually. In the State of Victoria (Australia) this is sufficient for 2 GW of baseload capacity. In this baseload 12 GW is earmarked for electrolytic hydrogen production to generate 2 GW of fuel cell based power for 18 h, daily, at 50% roundtrip efficiency. The land area required for such a 2 GW baseload solar farm is 200 km2. These results show that less than 300,000 km2 of area (0.2% of Earth's surface) is needed to transition the entire planet's power grid to solar baseload and 150 biorefineries can produce enough organic solar panels to achieve this transition in ten years. At their end-of-life, these solar panels are easier to recycle, when compared to silicon solar panels due to their organic materials. © 2023 IEEE.

Blockchain and RFID for baggage movement in the aviation industry

  • Authors: Dubey, Suchi , Singh, Anurag , Riaz, Shoaib , Shukla, Vinod
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Emerging Applications of Blockchain Technology Chapter 16 p. 291-304
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  • Description: Airlines are liable for lost baggage claims, damaged luggage, or lost baggage in transit. Every year hundreds of millions are lost in settling the claims of the traveler related to baggage. This causes inconvenience and dissatisfaction for the traveler with airlines and baggage movements. For the long-distance multiple stop overs and connecting flights, travelers are always worried about their baggage check in to the connecting flights. With the help of the block chain technology, it is impossible to manipulate and tamper data and records and hence it creates traceability, transparency, and immutability. The paper discusses the proposed model of integrating RFID along with block chain technology in the baggage claim and proposed a conceptual model to trace the journey the baggage so as to locate without delay. The model will integrate various departments, verticals that operate on the airports and create a seamless service of transparency for promoting efficiency and reduces losses. In the proposed model third party service is involved which facilitate traveler in baggage drop off on to their selected point of collection within a city. After required standard operating procedures at the drop off location traveler can directly report to airport as per their reporting time. The baggage will be assigned an RFID and will be put under block chain which will be simultaneously updated with time stamped activity on block chain as per the movement of baggage. As each node will be having a copy of baggage details it is very easy for the airline to track the movement of baggage in a transparent and efficient way. Proposed models discuss a model of baggage drop off on selected location which in turn will be put under block chain for easy traceability. With this model airline companies can improve collaboration, provide more convenient services and above all reduce the cost incurred in baggage claim drastically. The paper discusses the block chain model for traveler which can be applied in cargo handling in future. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Bookend : outdoor environmental education in precarious times

  • Authors: Jukes, Scott
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Learning to confront ecological precarity : engaging with more-than-human worlds Chapter 12 p. 223-232
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  • Description: This final chapter brings an inevitable end to the book, but not necessarily the project. I tie together the many of the ideas touched upon throughout by noting the two main contributions the book offers. Namely, more-than-human pedagogies as an educational offering and immanent praxiography as methodological approach. I present a condensed articulation of the idea of more-than-human pedagogies, linking to the various other chapters and examples. Following this, I discuss immanent praxiography, including some guiding principles for enactment. This chapter ends with a coda that reflects on the project. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Caffeine does not influence persistent inward current contribution to motoneuron firing

  • Authors: Mackay, Karen , Orssatto, Lucas , Polman, Remco , Van der Pols, Jolieke , Trajano, Gabriel
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 130, no. 6 (2023), p. 1529-1540
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  • Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether caffeine consumption would change persistent inward current (PIC) contribution to motoneuron firing at increased contraction intensities and after repetitive sustained maximal contractions. Before and after the consumption of 6 mg·kg-1 of caffeine or placebo, 16 individuals performed isometric triangular-shaped ramp dorsiflexion contractions (to 20% and 40% of peak torque), followed by four maximal contractions sustained until torque production dropped to 60% of maximum, and consecutive 20% triangular-shaped contractions. Tibialis anterior motor unit firing frequencies were analyzed from high-density surface electromyograms. PIC contribution to motor unit firing was estimated by calculating the delta frequency (DF) using the paired motor unit technique. Motoneuron peak firing frequencies at 20% and 40% contractions and total torque-time integral during the repetitive sustained maximal contractions were also assessed. DF increased 0.69 peaks per second (pps) (95% CI ¼ -0.98, -0.405; d ¼ -0.87) from 20% to 40% contraction intensities and reduced 0.85 pps (95% CI ¼ 0.66, 1.05; d ¼ 0.99) after the repetitive sustained maximal contractions, regardless of caffeine consumption. Participants produced 337 Nm·s (95% CI ¼ 49.9, 624; d ¼ 0.63) more torque integral during the repetitive sustained maximal contractions after caffeine consumption. A strong repeated-measures correlation (r ¼ 0.61; 95% CI ¼ 0.49, 0.69) was observed between reductions of DF and peak firing frequencies after the repetitive sustained maximal contractions. PIC contribution to motoneuron firing increases from 20% to 40% contraction intensities, with no effect of caffeine (on rested tibialis anterior). Repetitive sustained maximal contractions reduced PIC contribution to motoneuron firing, regardless of caffeine or placebo consumption, evidencing that changes in intrinsic motoneuron properties contributed to performance loss. Caffeine-attenuated reduction of torque production capacity was unlikely mediated by PICs. © 2023 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.

Catching the catfish : exploring gender and the dark tetrad of personality as predictors of catfishing perpetration

  • Authors: Lauder, Cassandra , March, Evita
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 140, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Catfishing, the act of deceiving and exploiting another person online, can have significant negative impact on the target. To date, limited research has explored individual differences in perpetration of catfishing. We address this paucity by adopting an evolutionary psychology theoretical framework (the “cheater strategy” hypothesis) and exploring the utility of gender and the “Dark Tetrad” personality traits of psychopathy, sadism, Machiavellianism, and narcissism to predict catfishing perpetration. A sample of 664 participants (55.8% men, 40.3% women) with an average age of 28.84 years (SD = 9.60) were recruited via social media and completed an anonymous online questionnaire which comprised measures of personality and catfishing behaviours. Combined, the variables explained 62.6% of variance in catfishing perpetration. Results partially supported the hypotheses, with only psychopathy, sadism, and narcissism emerging as positive predictors of catfishing perpetration. Findings of the current study indicate that evolutionary psychology may be a useful theoretical framework when exploring antisocial online behaviours. Further, these findings provide crucial information regarding the psychological profile of a “catfish” and may have important practical implications by informing the prevention and management of this online behaviour. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Causal deep operator networks for data-driven modeling of dynamical systems

  • Authors: Nghiem, Truong , Nguyen, Thang , Nguyen, Binh , Nguyen, Linh
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2023, Hybrid, Honolulu, 1-4 October 2023, Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics p. 1136-1141
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  • Description: The deep operator network (DeepONet) architecture is a promising approach for learning functional operators, that can represent dynamical systems described by ordinary or partial differential equations. However, it has two major limitations, namely its failures to account for initial conditions and to guarantee the temporal causality - a fundamental property of dynamical systems. This paper proposes a novel causal deep operator network (Causal-DeepONet) architecture for incorporating both the initial condition and the temporal causality into data-driven learning of dynamical systems, overcoming the limitations of the original DeepONet approach. This is achieved by adding an independent root network for the initial condition and independent branch networks conditioned, or switched on/off, by time-shifted step functions or sigmoid functions for expressing the temporal causality. The proposed architecture was evaluated and compared with two baseline deep neural network methods and the original DeepONet method on learning the thermal dynamics of a room in a building using real data. It was shown to not only achieve the best overall prediction accuracy but also enhance substantially the accuracy consistency in multistep predictions, which is crucial for predictive control. © 2023 IEEE.

Challenging court landscapes and opportunities for change

  • Authors: Camilleri, Marg , Harkness, Alistair
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Australian Courts : controversies, challenges and change Chapter 16 p. 367-390
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  • Description: Courts are complex institutions which must constantly adjust to ensure that they are fulfilling their responsibilities to defendants, victims, witnesses, society and others who enter court spaces either virtually or physically. Courts must also manage their relationships with other agencies (whether justice or community) on whom they rely. Courts face an array of challenges in contemporary Australia, including the COVID-19 pandemic which has necessitated courts to pivot from inherently complex systems which are primarily public facing to virtual spaces which must continue to maintain the rule of law and to be open, transparent and subject to scrutiny. This chapter considers other challenges, too, which various courts and those who work in, with or appear before are facing. It assesses a suite of potential micro and macro reforms, advocating for ongoing systemic and structural change.