Disconnection time and sequence of rooftop PVs under short-circuit faults in low voltage networks
- Authors: Yengejeh, Hadi , Shahnia, Farhad , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: North American Power Symposium, NAPS 2015; Charlotte, United States; 4th-6th October 2015 p. 1-6
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- Description: This paper presents an analysis on the disconnection time of single-phase rooftop PVs, located in a three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution feeder after a line-to-ground short-circuit fault on the low voltage feeder. The paper aims to evaluate and discuss the disconnection time and sequence of PVs in a network with 100% PV penetration level. The impact of different parameters such as the location of the fault, impedance of the fault and the ratio of PVs generation capacity to the load demand are considered. Furthermore, the effect of the system earthing in the form of multiple earthed neutral and non-effectively grounded systems are evaluated on the PVs disconnection time. The analyses intend to figure out the conditions under which the PVs in the feeder may fail to disconnect after a line-to-ground fault and keep feeding the fault. The analyses are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC software.
Forecasting plug-in electric vehicles load profile using artificial neural networks
- Authors: Panahi, Delshad , Deilami, Sara , Masoum, Mohammad , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015; Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-6
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- Description: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are becoming very popular these days and consequently, their load management will be a challenging issue for the network operators in the future. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence approach based on neural networks to forecast daily load profile of individual and fleets of randomly plugged-in PEVs, as well as the upstream distribution transformer loading. An artificial neural network (ANN) model will be developed to forecast daily arrival time (Ta) and daily travel distance (Dtr) of individual PEV using historical data collected for each vehicle in the past two years. The predicted parameters are then will be used to forecast transformer loading with PEV charging activities. The results of this paper will be very beneficial to coordination and charge/discharge management of PEVs as well as demand load management, network planning and operation proposes. Detailed simulations are presented to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed forecasting strategy.
High performance communication redundancy in a digital substation based on IEC 62439-3 with a station bus configuration
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015; Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-5
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- Description: High speed communication is critical in a digital substation from protection, control and automation perspectives. Although International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard has proven to be a reliable guide for the substation automation and communication systems, yet it has few shortcomings in offering redundancies in the protection architecture, which has been addressed better in IEC 62439-3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). Due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability issues related to multi-vendor equipment, IEC working committee had to look beyond IEC 61850 standard. The enhanced features in a Doubly Attached Node components based on IEC 62439-3 provides redundancy in protection having two active frames circulating data packets in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring and should one of the frame is lost, the other copy manages to reach the destination node via an alternate path, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed using multi-vendor equipment and fault resilient circuits. The PRP and HSR topologies provides higher performance in a digitally protected substation and promise better future over the IEC 61850 standard due to its faster processing capabilities, increased availability and minimum delay in data packet transfer and wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibits the performance of PRP and HSR topologies focusing on the redundancy achievement within the network and at the end nodes of a station bus ring architecture, based on IEC 62439-3.
Impact of insulating oil degradation on the power transformer frequency response analysis
- Authors: Aljohani, Omar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 11th IEEE International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, ICPADM 2015; Sydney, Australia; 19th-22nd July 2015 Vol. OCT, p. 396-399
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- Description: Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has become a reliable tool to detect mechanical deformation within power transformers. Many researchers have investigated the impact of various mechanical winding and core deformations on transformer FRA signature using either simulation analysis or practical testing to establish a standard code for FRA signature interpretation. None of them however, have given attention to the impact of power transformer insulating oil degradation on the transformer FRA signature. This paper investigates the effect of insulating mineral oil degradation on power transformer FRA signature. In this regard, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer filled with insulating mineral oil is simulated using three dimensional finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. Transformer FRA signature is measured and analysed with various health conditions of the insulating oil. Results show that, insulating oil degradation has a significant impact on the transformer FRA signature.
Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics – Part 1 : Axial displacement simulation
- Authors: Hashemnia, Naser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 22, no. 1 (2015), p. 556-563
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) has become a widely accepted tool to detect power transformer winding deformation due to the development of FRA test equipment. Because FRA relies on graphical analysis, interpretation of its signature is a very specialized area that calls for skilled personnel, as so far, there is no reliable standard code for FRA signature identification and quantification. Many researchers investigated the impact of various mechanical winding deformations on the transformer FRA signature using simulation analysis by altering particular electrical parameters of the transformer equivalent electrical circuit. None of them however, investigated the impact of various physical fault levels on the corresponding change in the equivalent circuit parameters. In this paper, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. A physical axial displacement of different fault levels is simulated in both low voltage and high voltage windings. The impact of each fault level on the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit is investigated. A key contribution of this paper is the charts it introduces to correlate various axial displacement levels with the percentage change of all transformer equivalent circuit parameters due to the axial displacement fault. In contrary with other researchers who only considered mutual inductance between low voltage and high voltage windings, simulation results shown in this paper reveal that other circuit parameters should be changed by a particular percentage to accurately simulate particular fault level of transformer winding axial displacement. Results of this paper aid to precisely simulating winding axial displacement using transformer equivalent circuit that facilitates accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of transformer FRA signatures.
Improved power transformer winding fault detection using FRA diagnostics – Part 2 : Radial deformation simulation
- Authors: Hashemnia, Naser , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 22, no. 1 (2015), p. 564-570
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- Description: Frequency response analysis (FRA) is proven to be a powerful tool to detect winding deformation within power transformers. Although the FRA test along with the equipment are well developed, interpretation of FRA signature is still a challenge and it needs skilled personnel to identify and quantify the fault type if exists as at this stage, there is no reliable standard code for FRA signature classification and quantification. As it is very hard to implement faults on physical transformer without damaging it, researchers investigated the impact of various mechanical winding deformations on the transformer FRA signature by randomly changing the value of particular electrical parameters of the transformer equivalent electrical circuit. None of them however, precisely investigated the correlation between physical fault level and the percentage change in each parameter. In this paper, the physical geometrical dimension of a single-phase transformer is simulated using 3D finite element analysis to emulate the real transformer operation. A physical radial deformation of different fault levels is simulated on both low voltage and high voltage windings. The impact of each fault level on the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit is investigated and the correlation between the fault level and the percentage change in each parameter of the equivalent circuit is provided. This will facilitate precise fault simulation using transformer equivalent electrical circuit and ease the quantification analysis of FRA signature.
Modeling of multi-junction photovoltaic cell using MATLAB/Simulink to improve the conversion efficiency
- Authors: Das, Narottam , Wongsodihardjo, Hendy , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Renewable Energy Vol. 74, no. (2015), p. 917-924
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- Description: This paper focuses on modeling of multi-junction solar cell (MJSC) to improve the conversion efficiency using MATLAB/Simulink software. The multi-junction photovoltaic (PV) cell is investigated to obtain its maximum performance compare to the conventional silicon PV cell. MATLAB/Simulink modeled results show that tandem cell can provide almost 3-times maximum power compared to the conventional PV cells. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) has also been performed to improve the conversion efficiency of the PV systems. The MPPT is able to assist the PV cells to attain more power efficiently and deliver electricity to the grid.
Optimal scheduling of LTC and switched shunt capacitors in smart grid concerningovernight charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles
- Authors: Deilami, Sara , Masoum, Amir , Masoum, Mohammad , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: AASRI International Conference on Applied Engineering Science, ICAES 2014; Los Angeles, United States; 23rd-24th July 2014 p. 71-76
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- Description: It is well-known that load variation and nonlinearity have detrimental impacts on the operation and performance of the conventional power systems and future smart grids (SGs) including their voltage profiles, power quality, losses and efficiency particularly during the peak load hours. This paper will perform optimal scheduling of transformer load tap changer (LTC) and switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) in smart grid with nonlinear loads and plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging activities to improve voltage profile, reduce grid losses and control the total harmonic distortion (THD). An established genetic algorithm (GA) for the dispatch of LTC/SSC and a recently implemented algorithm based on maximum sensitivity selections (MSS) optimization for coordination of PEVs are used to perform detailed simulations and analyses.
Overnight coordinated charging of plug-in electric vehicles based on maximum sensitivities selections
- Authors: Masoum, Amir , Deilami, Sara , Masoum, Mohammad , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: AASRI International Conference on Applied Engineering Science, ICAES 2014; Los Angeles, United States; 23rd-24th July 2014 p. 65-70
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- Description: The future smart grid (SG) will be populated with high penetrations of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) that may deteriorate the quality of electric power. The consumers will also be seeking economical options to charge their vehicles. This paper proposes an overnight maximum sensitivities selection based coordination algorithm (ON-MSSCA) for inexpensive overnight PEV charging in SG. The approach is based on a recently implemented online algorithm (OL-MSSCA) that charges the vehicles as soon as they are randomly plugged-in while considering SG generation, demand and voltage constraints. In contrast to the online approach, ON-MSSCA relies on inexpensive off-peak load hours charging to reduce the cost of generating energy such that SG constraints are not violated and all vehicles are fully charged overnight. Performances of the online and overnight algorithms are compared for the modified IEEE 23kV distribution system with low voltage residential feeders populated with PEVs.
Real-time charging coordination of plug-in electric vehicles based on hybrid fuzzy discrete particle swarm optimization
- Authors: Hajforoosh, Somayeh , Masoum, Mohammad , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 128, no. (2015), p. 19-29
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- Description: The main impact of uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging is adding new time-variant loads that can increase the strains on the generation units, transmission and distribution systems that may result in unacceptable voltage drops and poor power quality. This paper proposes two dynamic online approaches for coordination of PEV charging based on fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) and fuzzy discrete particle swarm optimization (FDPSO). The algorithms will minimize the costs associated with energy generation and grid losses while also maximizing the delivered power to PEVs considering distribution transformer loading, voltage regulation limits, initial and final battery state of charges (SOCs) based on consumers' preferences. The second algorithm relies on the quality and speed of DPSO solution for more accurate and faster online coordination of PEVs while also exploiting fuzzy reasoning for shifting charging demands to off-peak hours for a further reduction in overall cost and transformer loading. Simulation results for uncoordinated, DPSO, FGA and FDPSO coordinated charging are presented and compared for a 449-node network populated with PEVs. Results are also compared with the previously published PEV coordinated charging based on maximum sensitivity selections (MSS). Main contributions are formulating the PEVs charging coordination problem and applying different optimization methods including online FGA and FDPSO considering different driving patterns, battery sizes and charging rates, as well as initial SOCs and requested final SOCs. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Risk constrained short-term scheduling with dynamic line ratings for increased penetration of wind power
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Renewable Energy Vol. 83, no. (2015), p. 1139-1146
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- Description: Limited transmission capacity may lead to network congestion which results in wind curtailment during periods of high availability of wind. Conventional congestion management techniques usually involve generation management which may not always benefit large wind farms. This paper investigates the problem in detail and presents an improved methodology to quantify the latent scheduling capacity of a power system taking into account stochastic variation in line-thermal rating, intermittency of wind, and mitigating the risk of network congestion associated with high penetration of wind. The mathematical model converts conventional thermal constraints to dynamic constraints by using a discretized stochastic penalty function with quadratic approximation of constraint relaxation risk. The uniqueness of the approach is that it can limit the generation to be curtailed or re-dispatch by dynamically enhancing the network latent capacity as per the need. The approach is aimed at strategic planning of power systems in the context of power systems with short to medium length lines with a priori known unit commitment decisions and uses stochastic optimization with a two stage recourse action. Results suggest that a considerable level of wind penetration is possible with dynamic line ratings, without adversely affecting the risk of network congestion.
Travelling wave fault location in rural radial distribution networks to reduce wild fire risk
- Authors: Jahromi, Ali , Wolfs, Peter , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015; Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-6
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- Description: This paper introduces a new fault location algorithm for radial MV distribution networks employing distributed travelling wave observers. Incipient fault location may reduce the risk of wild or bush fire ignition by faulty MV overhead lines. Some faults can develop over time and may exist for an extended period before the right weather conditions result in a fire. Developing faults will produce travelling voltage waves. The distributed observers are synchronized by global positioning system and use the arrival time differences to locate faults. Modal and wavelet transformation is used to detect and time stamp the travelling wave arrival time by observers. The paper first provides a brief review of fault location technology then describes the Floyd-Warshell algorithm to calculate point to point distance matrix. A travelling wave detection methods and finally the fault location algorithm will be described. Simulation model is developed in EMTP-RV software to illustrate the performance of proposed algorithm based on real network data.
A new control approach to improve the overall performance of DFIG-based WECS
- Authors: Khamaira, Mahmoud , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Masoum, Mohammad
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 24th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2014; Perth, Australia; 28th September-1st October 2014 p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are currently extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their superior advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for voltage sags represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. In this paper, a coil is proposed to be integrated within the DFIG converters to improve the overall performance of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). A proportional integral (PI) controller to control the charging and discharging of the coil is introduced. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed topology in improving the overall performance of the WECS under study.
A new topology for doubly fed induction generator to improve the overall performance of wind energy conversion system
- Authors: Khamaira, Mahmoud , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Masoum, Mohammad
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Elixir International Journal: Electrical Engineering Vol. 73, no. (2014), p. 26432-26435
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- Description: Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are currently extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their superior advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for voltage sags represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. In this paper, a coil is proposed to be integrated within the DFIG converters to improve the overall performance of a DFIGbased wind energy conversion system (WECS). The charging and discharging of the coil are controlled by controlling the duty cycle of the switches of the dc-dc chopper. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed topology in improving the overall performance of the WECS system under study.
A review of dissolved gas analysis measurement and interpretation techniques
- Authors: Abu Bakar, Norazhar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine Vol. 30, no. 3 (2014), p. 39-49
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- Description: Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is used to assess the condition of power transformers. It uses the concentrations of various gases dissolved in the transformer oil due to decomposition of the oil and paper insulation. DGA has gained worldwide acceptance as a method for the detection of incipient faults in transformers.
Alleviating post-contingency congestion risk of wind integrated systems with dynamic line ratings
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 24th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2014; Perth, Australia; 28th September-1st October 2014 p. 1-6
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- Description: One of the factors hindering the large scale integration of wind power is the post contingency congestion of a network due to limited availability of network capacity and auxiliary constraints. Under such conditions, the network operators can potentially request a curtailment of wind farm output if the remedial strategies fail. The paper investigates this problem in detail and proposes a mathematical framework to capture the post contingency spare capacity of network assets that is required to limit the wind curtailment. The proposed approach incorporates stochastic variation in asset thermal rating; models network congestion, and quantifies the risk of congestion using an extended version of conic-quadratic programming based optimization. The uniqueness of the proposed mathematical model is that it converts conventional thermal constraints to dynamic constraints by using a discretized stochastic penalty function with quadratic approximation of constraint relaxation penalty. The results suggest that the wind utilization can be maximized if the networks are operated 30-50% less than the nominal rating of the assets.
Analysis of power system communication architectures between substations using IEC 61850
- Authors: Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology, BICET 2014; Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; 1st-3rd November 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-6
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- Description: Interoperability among multi-vendor substations automation devices, is now achievable due to the introduction of IEC 61850 standard, which allows power system communication between substations. This standard does not mandatorily demands for redundancy in any type of substation neither does it mentions a specific type of substation design application. Ethernet based communication protocols for substation automation systems (SASs) are specified in IEC 61850 standard. The standards include Ethernet based process-level connections between switchyards and control rooms. However, their in-service performance is not well known. Moreover, IEC 61850 demands for a communication topology which is zero point failure proof and provides worthy data transmission rates, without pursuing any delays. In order to achieve these norms, Ethernet architectures must be modelled and analysed in detail. The performance of individual architecture must be analysed in terms of their reliability, availability and efficiency of data transfer. This paper presents the reliability and availability using the reliability block diagrams, along with OPNET network real-time simulations, which shows the efficiency of individual architecture along with comparing and synthesizing the most effective communication topology for the SASs.
Application of digital image processing to diagnose transformer winding deformation using FRA polar plot
- Authors: Aljohani, Omar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2014 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, CMD 2014; Jeju, Korea; 21st September 2014
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Digital image processing (DIP) technique has been growing rapidly as an essential tool to interpret various image features for many applications of science and engineering. Condition monitoring and diagnosis are considered the main areas that relay on DIP. Frequency response analysis (FRA) technique has become a popular and reliable diagnostic tool in detecting various winding deformations within power transformers. However, interpretation of FRA signatures still requires high expertise because of its reliance on graphical analysis. This paper presents a new technique for the interpretation of transformers FRA signatures. The proposed technique relies on incorporating both magnitude and angle of the FRA signature in one polar plot, which is manipulated to extract some unique features using DIP techniques. The proposed technique can assess in identifying and quantifying various winding deformation within power transformers. The proposed technique is easy to implement in any frequency response analyser.
Application of SMES unit to improve the overall performance of DFIG-based WECS
- Authors: Khamaira, Mahmoud , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Masoum, Mohammad
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2014 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; National Harbor, United States; 27th-31st July 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are nowadays extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses with an improved efficiency, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for the voltage dip represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. This paper presents the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to improve the overall performance of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Two control approaches namely; hysteresis current controller (HCC) along with proportional integral (PI) controller and a fuzzy logic (FL) controller for the SMES unit are presented and compared. Various grid codes are used to examine the capability of the two proposed controllers to improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the DFIG to maintain the wind turbine connection to the grid through fault durations.
- Description: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
Condition monitoring techniques of the wind turbines gearbox and rotor
- Authors: Salem, Abdulwahed , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article , Conference paper
- Relation: 6th International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2013); Paris, France; 30th-31st December 2013; published in International Journal of Electrical Energy Vol. 2, no. 1 (2014), p. 53-56
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- Description: Gearbox and the blades are classified as the most critical and expensive components of the wind turbine. Moreover, these parts are prone to high risk failure when compared to the rest of the wind turbine components. Due to the global significant increase in wind turbines, a reliable and cost effective condition monitoring technique is essential to maintain the availability and to improve the reliability of wind turbines. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the latest condition monitoring techniques for turbine gearbox and blades which are considered as the crux of any wind energy conversion system.