Stubborn exercise responders–where to next?
- Bell, Leo, Gabbett, Tim, Davis, Gregory, Wallen, Matthew, O’Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The Angiosperm Stem Hemiparasitic Genus Cassytha (Lauraceae) and its host interactions : a review
- Zhang, Hongxiang, Florentine, Singarayer, Tennakoon, Kushan
- Authors: Zhang, Hongxiang , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cassytha, also known as laurel dodder or love vine, is a stem hemiparasite of the Lauraceae family. It has long been used for medicinal purposes in many countries and has increasingly influenced agricultural and natural ecosystems by its effects on a wide range of host species. Previous studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolutionary position of different Cassytha, with the pan-tropical species Cassytha filiformis being the most widely studied. However, Cassytha–host interactions have never been reviewed, which is an essential issue related to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant hemiparasitic and the assessment of benefits and damage caused by aerial parasitic plants. This review explores the parasitic habits, worldwide distribution, and host range of Cassytha, and examines its impacts on the biology of host plants and the overall influence of environmental changes on Cassytha–host associations. We also comment on areas of future research directions that require to better understanding Cassytha–host interactions. It appeared that some traits, such as flowering phenology, facilitated Cassytha’s widespread distribution and successful parasitism and that Cassytha preferred woody species rather than herbaceous species as a host, and preferred species from certain families as hosts, such as Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Cassytha often decreased biomass and impacted the physiology of host species and global environmental changes seemed to intensify the negative impacts of Cassytha on their hosts. Cassytha was not only a noxious weed, but can also function as a biocontrol agent to mitigate alien plant invasion. Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Florentine and Tennakoon.
- Authors: Zhang, Hongxiang , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cassytha, also known as laurel dodder or love vine, is a stem hemiparasite of the Lauraceae family. It has long been used for medicinal purposes in many countries and has increasingly influenced agricultural and natural ecosystems by its effects on a wide range of host species. Previous studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolutionary position of different Cassytha, with the pan-tropical species Cassytha filiformis being the most widely studied. However, Cassytha–host interactions have never been reviewed, which is an essential issue related to the understanding of mechanisms underlying plant hemiparasitic and the assessment of benefits and damage caused by aerial parasitic plants. This review explores the parasitic habits, worldwide distribution, and host range of Cassytha, and examines its impacts on the biology of host plants and the overall influence of environmental changes on Cassytha–host associations. We also comment on areas of future research directions that require to better understanding Cassytha–host interactions. It appeared that some traits, such as flowering phenology, facilitated Cassytha’s widespread distribution and successful parasitism and that Cassytha preferred woody species rather than herbaceous species as a host, and preferred species from certain families as hosts, such as Fabaceae and Myrtaceae. Cassytha often decreased biomass and impacted the physiology of host species and global environmental changes seemed to intensify the negative impacts of Cassytha on their hosts. Cassytha was not only a noxious weed, but can also function as a biocontrol agent to mitigate alien plant invasion. Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Florentine and Tennakoon.
- Miller, Elizabeth, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael
- Authors: Miller, Elizabeth , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Palliative and Supportive Care Vol. 20, no. 3 (2022), p. 433-444
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective Disclosing the truth when breaking bad news continues to be difficult for health professionals, yet it is essential for patients when making informed decisions about their treatment and end-of-life care. This literature review aimed to explore and examine how health professionals, patients, and families experience truth disclosure during the delivery of bad news in the inpatient/outpatient palliative care setting. Methods A systemized search for peer-reviewed, published papers between 2013 and 2020 was undertaken in September 2020 using the CINAHL, Medline, and PsycInfo databases. The keywords and MeSH terms (truth disclosure) AND (palliative care or end-of-life care or terminal care or dying) were used. The search was repeated using (bad news) AND (palliative care or end-of-life care or terminal care or dying) terms. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to synthesize the findings from the eight papers. Results Eight papers were included in the meta-synthesis and were represented by five Western countries. Following the synthesis process, two concepts were identified: Enablers in breaking bad news and Truth avoidance/disclosure. Several elements formed the concept of Enablers for breaking bad news, such as the therapeutic relationship, reading cues, acknowledgment, language/delivery, time/place, and qualities. A conceptual model was developed to illustrate the findings of the synthesis. Significance of results The conceptual model demonstrates a unique way to look at communication dynamics around truth disclosure and avoidance when breaking bad news. Informed decision-making requires an understanding of the whole truth, and therefore truth disclosure is an essential part of breaking bad news. Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.
The influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal tract infections among children attending childcare : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Ahmad, Hafiz, Peck, Blake, Terry, Daniel
- Authors: Ahmad, Hafiz , Peck, Blake , Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 132, no. 3 (2022), p. 1636-1651
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Current literature related to the impact of probiotics on the incidence of gastrointestinal tract infections (GITIs) has shown mixed results and no systematic review available with pooled analysis exists. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to provide contemporary evidence regarding the overall and strain-specific influence of probiotics in preventing GITIs among infants and children attending childcare centres. The review shortlisted 18 RCTs after screening through the initial search results of 779 articles. However, only 15 trials were deemed eligible, addressing at least one outcome in the pooled analysis. It is concluded that the supplementation of probiotics (overall effect) may reduce the risk of GITI episode by 26%, with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG being specifically potent probiotic strains in reducing GITI episode, duration of infection and absence from childcare respectively. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 based on the findings of the trials included in this review. © 2021 The Society for Applied Microbiology
- Authors: Ahmad, Hafiz , Peck, Blake , Terry, Daniel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Applied Microbiology Vol. 132, no. 3 (2022), p. 1636-1651
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Current literature related to the impact of probiotics on the incidence of gastrointestinal tract infections (GITIs) has shown mixed results and no systematic review available with pooled analysis exists. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to provide contemporary evidence regarding the overall and strain-specific influence of probiotics in preventing GITIs among infants and children attending childcare centres. The review shortlisted 18 RCTs after screening through the initial search results of 779 articles. However, only 15 trials were deemed eligible, addressing at least one outcome in the pooled analysis. It is concluded that the supplementation of probiotics (overall effect) may reduce the risk of GITI episode by 26%, with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG being specifically potent probiotic strains in reducing GITI episode, duration of infection and absence from childcare respectively. There is insufficient evidence to determine the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 based on the findings of the trials included in this review. © 2021 The Society for Applied Microbiology
- Miller, Elizabeth, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael
- Authors: Miller, Elizabeth , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Environments Research and Design Journal Vol. 15, no. 1 (2022), p. 268-291
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: To review the latest qualitative literature on how the physical hospital environment affects palliative patients and their families. Background: People with a life-limiting illness may receive palliative care to improve their quality of life in hospital and may have multiple admissions as their illness progresses. Yet, despite a preference for a death at home, more than half of the dying population will receive end-of-life care in hospital. The physical hospital environment consists of ambiance, aesthetics, and architectural factors, and it is well known that the hospital’s acute wards are not a homely environment. Demand is increasing for the physical environment to be improved to better meet the needs and demands of palliative and end-of-life patients and their families. Method: Combining thematic analysis and meta-ethnography methodologies, 12 international qualitative papers were analyzed and synthesized by the three authors. Results: Findings resulted in the development of the SSAFeR Place approach that incorporates the concepts that are important to palliative and end-of-life patients and their families by describing an environment within the acute or palliative care units that feels safe, is private, customizable, and accommodates family; is a space to share with others, is homelike in ambiance and aesthetics, and is conducive for reflection. The concepts of identity, belonging, and safety are connected to the notions of home. Conclusions: To provide person-centered care and to move the focus toward the palliative approach of comfort and quality of life, attention to room size, layout, aesthetics, and ambiance is needed. © The Author(s) 2021.
The role of acupuncture in the management of insomnia as a major or residual symptom among patients with active or previous depression : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Zhao, Fei-Yi, Kennedy, Gerard, Spencer, Sarah, Conduit, Russell, Zhang, Wen-Jing, Fu, Qiang-Qiang, Zheng, Zhen
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Spencer, Sarah , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Due to concerns about risks associated with antidepressants and/or hypnotics, complementary therapies such as acupuncture have been sought by patients with active or previous depression to manage insomnia. This systematic review aimed to clarify if acupuncture is effective and safe enough to be recommended as an alternative or adjuvant therapy to standard care in ameliorating concomitant or residual insomnia, two types of insomnia associated with depression. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of depression-related insomnia (DI) treatment via acupuncture vs. waitlist-control or placebo-/sham-acupuncture and RCTs of DI treatment via acupuncture alone or combined with standard care [Western pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)] vs. standard care alone were searched for from seven databases from inception to December 2021. Cochrane criteria were followed. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 1,571 participants were analyzed. For insomnia as a major symptom of active depression, meta-analyses suggested that acupuncture significantly reduced the global scores of both the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [MD = −3.12, 95% CI (−5.16, −1.08), p < 0.01] and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) [SMD = −2.67, 95% CI (−3.51, −1.84), p < 0.01], in comparison with placebo-acupuncture. When compared with conventional pharmacotherapy (antidepressants and/or hypnotics), the results favored acupuncture in decreasing PSQI [MD = −1.17, 95% CI (−2.26, −0.08), p = 0.03] and HAMD [SMD = −0.47, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.02), p = 0.04]. Acupuncture was comparable to conventional pharmacotherapy in reducing scores of each domain of PSQI. For insomnia as a residual symptom of previous or partially remitted depression, acupuncture conferred a very limited, non-significant therapeutic advantage against sham-/placebo-acupuncture. Whether acupuncture has an add-on effect to conventional pharmacotherapy in this type of insomnia has not been investigated. Also, no study was available to address the efficacy differences between acupuncture and CBT or the synergistic effect of these two therapies. Conclusions: There is a low to moderate level of evidence supporting acupuncture as a safe and effective remedy alternative to or adjuvant to conventional pharmacotherapy (antidepressant and/or hypnotic) in improving insomnia and other depression symptoms among patients with active depression. Furthermore, the patients' complaint of disrupted sleep continuity is most likely to benefit from acupuncture. The benefit of acupuncture on residual insomnia associated with previous or partially remitted depression is limited. Future acupuncture studies need to consider applying optimal dosage and addressing deficiencies in trial quality. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021269880, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021269880. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Spencer, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
- Authors: Zhao, Fei-Yi , Kennedy, Gerard , Spencer, Sarah , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Due to concerns about risks associated with antidepressants and/or hypnotics, complementary therapies such as acupuncture have been sought by patients with active or previous depression to manage insomnia. This systematic review aimed to clarify if acupuncture is effective and safe enough to be recommended as an alternative or adjuvant therapy to standard care in ameliorating concomitant or residual insomnia, two types of insomnia associated with depression. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of depression-related insomnia (DI) treatment via acupuncture vs. waitlist-control or placebo-/sham-acupuncture and RCTs of DI treatment via acupuncture alone or combined with standard care [Western pharmacotherapy and/or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)] vs. standard care alone were searched for from seven databases from inception to December 2021. Cochrane criteria were followed. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 1,571 participants were analyzed. For insomnia as a major symptom of active depression, meta-analyses suggested that acupuncture significantly reduced the global scores of both the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [MD = −3.12, 95% CI (−5.16, −1.08), p < 0.01] and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) [SMD = −2.67, 95% CI (−3.51, −1.84), p < 0.01], in comparison with placebo-acupuncture. When compared with conventional pharmacotherapy (antidepressants and/or hypnotics), the results favored acupuncture in decreasing PSQI [MD = −1.17, 95% CI (−2.26, −0.08), p = 0.03] and HAMD [SMD = −0.47, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.02), p = 0.04]. Acupuncture was comparable to conventional pharmacotherapy in reducing scores of each domain of PSQI. For insomnia as a residual symptom of previous or partially remitted depression, acupuncture conferred a very limited, non-significant therapeutic advantage against sham-/placebo-acupuncture. Whether acupuncture has an add-on effect to conventional pharmacotherapy in this type of insomnia has not been investigated. Also, no study was available to address the efficacy differences between acupuncture and CBT or the synergistic effect of these two therapies. Conclusions: There is a low to moderate level of evidence supporting acupuncture as a safe and effective remedy alternative to or adjuvant to conventional pharmacotherapy (antidepressant and/or hypnotic) in improving insomnia and other depression symptoms among patients with active depression. Furthermore, the patients' complaint of disrupted sleep continuity is most likely to benefit from acupuncture. The benefit of acupuncture on residual insomnia associated with previous or partially remitted depression is limited. Future acupuncture studies need to consider applying optimal dosage and addressing deficiencies in trial quality. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021269880, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021269880. Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Kennedy, Spencer, Conduit, Zhang, Fu and Zheng.
Themes in data mining, big data, and crime analytics
- Authors: Oatley,Giles
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Vol. 12, no. 2 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article examines the impact of new AI-related technologies in data mining and big data on important research questions in crime analytics. Because the field is so broad, the review focuses on a selection of the most important topics. Challenges for information management, and in turn law and society, include: AI-powered predictive policing; big data for legal and adversarial decisions; bias using big data and analytics in profiling and predicting criminality; forecasting crime risk and crime rates; and, regulating AI systems. This article is categorized under: Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining Technologies > Artificial Intelligence Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- Authors: Oatley,Giles
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Vol. 12, no. 2 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article examines the impact of new AI-related technologies in data mining and big data on important research questions in crime analytics. Because the field is so broad, the review focuses on a selection of the most important topics. Challenges for information management, and in turn law and society, include: AI-powered predictive policing; big data for legal and adversarial decisions; bias using big data and analytics in profiling and predicting criminality; forecasting crime risk and crime rates; and, regulating AI systems. This article is categorized under: Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining Technologies > Artificial Intelligence Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- Ryan, Colleen, Cant, Robyn, McAllister, Margaret, Vanderburg, Robert, Batty, Craig
- Authors: Ryan, Colleen , Cant, Robyn , McAllister, Margaret , Vanderburg, Robert , Batty, Craig
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Nurse education today Vol. 119, no. (2022), p. 105604
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVES: This review intended to synthesise existing evidence on the application of transformative learning theory in nursing education. DESIGN: An umbrella review, or review of reviews. DATA SOURCES: Six databases were systematically searched: CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, Ebscohost, OVID, ProQuest Central, and PubMed. The structured framework of PCC: Population/Concept/Context was employed to identify relevant literature, published in English between 2012 and March 1st, 2022. REVIEW METHODS: Elements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guided this review. A modified version of the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Synthesis was applied to determine final inclusions. RESULTS: Sixteen (16) reviews were included. Most reviews were scoping reviews. Nursing featured in 10 of the 16, medicine in half (8/16) and various allied health disciplines were reported in seven reviews. Studies reported on differing scholarly approaches to transformative learning theory. Curricula design and evaluation, developing leadership skills and a professional identity were common applications. Critical reflection and learning experiences that challenge students' and professionals' existing ideologies also featured. Few reviews reported on studies of models and tools for educators to guide them in applying the theory in lesson design and teaching practice. CONCLUSION: Applying transformative learning theory in curriculum design, program evaluation and healthcare professional education can be beneficial. There were reported successes and some critiques. Researchers should design more rigorous studies to evaluate the theory in practice and to develop and test frameworks that guide educators in teaching with transformative learning theory. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Utilization methods and practice of abandoned mines and related rock mechanics under the ecological and double carbon strategy in china—a comprehensive review
- Du, Kun, Xie, Junjie, Khandelwal, Manoj, Zhou, Jian
- Authors: Du, Kun , Xie, Junjie , Khandelwal, Manoj , Zhou, Jian
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Minerals Vol. 12, no. 9 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Governance of abandoned mines has become a pressing issue for China. The utilization of abandoned mines is a technology that can solve the problem of governance and recreate the value of mines, which is in line with the current strategic goals of ecological protection and double carbon in China. In this paper, the various utilization models and the advances in rock mechanics of abandoned mines across the globe are summarized and reviewed. The utilization models of abandoned mines can be categorized into four aspects: Energy storage, Waste treatment, Ecological restoration, and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. There are a number of applications and uses of abandoned mines, such as pumped storage, compressed air storage, salt cavern gas/oil storage construction, carbon dioxide storage and utilization, radioactive waste disposal and treatment, and tourism development. Various progress practices of abandoned mines are discussed in detail with emphasis on the national conditions of China. The basic rock mechanics problems and advances involved in the construction of the facilities related to the utilization of abandoned mines are discussed and evaluated. The establishment of relevant research and experimental platforms will contribute to the sustainable development of China’s mining industry and the improvement of clean technologies. © 2022 by the authors.
- Authors: Du, Kun , Xie, Junjie , Khandelwal, Manoj , Zhou, Jian
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Minerals Vol. 12, no. 9 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Governance of abandoned mines has become a pressing issue for China. The utilization of abandoned mines is a technology that can solve the problem of governance and recreate the value of mines, which is in line with the current strategic goals of ecological protection and double carbon in China. In this paper, the various utilization models and the advances in rock mechanics of abandoned mines across the globe are summarized and reviewed. The utilization models of abandoned mines can be categorized into four aspects: Energy storage, Waste treatment, Ecological restoration, and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. There are a number of applications and uses of abandoned mines, such as pumped storage, compressed air storage, salt cavern gas/oil storage construction, carbon dioxide storage and utilization, radioactive waste disposal and treatment, and tourism development. Various progress practices of abandoned mines are discussed in detail with emphasis on the national conditions of China. The basic rock mechanics problems and advances involved in the construction of the facilities related to the utilization of abandoned mines are discussed and evaluated. The establishment of relevant research and experimental platforms will contribute to the sustainable development of China’s mining industry and the improvement of clean technologies. © 2022 by the authors.
Visual communication via the design of food and beverage packaging
- Spence, Charles, Van Doorn, George
- Authors: Spence, Charles , Van Doorn, George
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications Vol. 7, no. 1 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A rapidly growing body of empirical research has recently started to emerge highlighting the connotative and/or semiotic meanings that consumers typically associate with specific abstract visual design features, such as colours (either when presented individually or in combination), simple shapes/curvilinearity, and the orientation and relative position of those design elements on product packaging. While certain of our affective responses to such basic visual design features appear almost innate, the majority are likely established via the internalization of the statistical regularities of the food and beverage marketplace (i.e. as a result of associative learning), as in the case of round typeface and sweet-tasting products. Researchers continue to document the wide range of crossmodal correspondences that underpin the links between individual visual packaging design features and specific properties of food and drink products (such as their taste, flavour, or healthfulness), and the ways in which marketers are now capitalizing on such understanding to increase sales. This narrative review highlights the further research that is still needed to establish the connotative or symbolic/semiotic meaning(s) of particular combinations of design features (such as coloured stripes in a specific orientation), as opposed to individual cues in national food markets and also, increasingly, cross-culturally in the case of international brands. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Spence, Charles , Van Doorn, George
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications Vol. 7, no. 1 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A rapidly growing body of empirical research has recently started to emerge highlighting the connotative and/or semiotic meanings that consumers typically associate with specific abstract visual design features, such as colours (either when presented individually or in combination), simple shapes/curvilinearity, and the orientation and relative position of those design elements on product packaging. While certain of our affective responses to such basic visual design features appear almost innate, the majority are likely established via the internalization of the statistical regularities of the food and beverage marketplace (i.e. as a result of associative learning), as in the case of round typeface and sweet-tasting products. Researchers continue to document the wide range of crossmodal correspondences that underpin the links between individual visual packaging design features and specific properties of food and drink products (such as their taste, flavour, or healthfulness), and the ways in which marketers are now capitalizing on such understanding to increase sales. This narrative review highlights the further research that is still needed to establish the connotative or symbolic/semiotic meaning(s) of particular combinations of design features (such as coloured stripes in a specific orientation), as opposed to individual cues in national food markets and also, increasingly, cross-culturally in the case of international brands. © 2022, The Author(s).
Wearable sensor technology to predict core body temperature : a systematic review
- Dolson, Conor, Harlow, Ethan, Phelan, Dermot, Gabbett, Tim, Gaal, Benjamin, McMellen, Christopher, Geletka, Benjamin, Calcei, Jacob, Voos, James, Seshadri, Dhruv
- Authors: Dolson, Conor , Harlow, Ethan , Phelan, Dermot , Gabbett, Tim , Gaal, Benjamin , McMellen, Christopher , Geletka, Benjamin , Calcei, Jacob , Voos, James , Seshadri, Dhruv
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sensors Vol. 22, no. 19 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Heat-related illnesses, which range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke, affect thousands of individuals worldwide every year and are characterized by extreme hyperthermia with the core body temperature (CBT) usually > 40 °C, decline in physical and athletic performance, CNS dysfunction, and, eventually, multiorgan failure. The measurement of CBT has been shown to predict heat-related illness and its severity, but the current measurement methods are not practical for use in high acuity and high motion settings due to their invasive and obstructive nature or excessive costs. Noninvasive predictions of CBT using wearable technology and predictive algorithms offer the potential for continuous CBT monitoring and early intervention to prevent HRI in athletic, military, and intense work environments. Thus far, there has been a lack of peer-reviewed literature assessing the efficacy of wearable devices and predictive analytics to predict CBT to mitigate heat-related illness. This systematic review identified 20 studies representing a total of 25 distinct algorithms to predict the core body temperature using wearable technology. While a high accuracy in prediction was noted, with 17 out of 18 algorithms meeting the clinical validity standards. few algorithms incorporated individual and environmental data into their core body temperature prediction algorithms, despite the known impact of individual health and situational and environmental factors on CBT. Robust machine learning methods offer the ability to develop more accurate, reliable, and personalized CBT prediction algorithms using wearable devices by including additional data on user characteristics, workout intensity, and the surrounding environment. The integration and interoperability of CBT prediction algorithms with existing heat-related illness prevention and treatment tools, including heat indices such as the WBGT, athlete management systems, and electronic medical records, will further prevent HRI and increase the availability and speed of data access during critical heat events, improving the clinical decision-making process for athletic trainers and physicians, sports scientists, employers, and military officers. © 2022 by the authors.
- Authors: Dolson, Conor , Harlow, Ethan , Phelan, Dermot , Gabbett, Tim , Gaal, Benjamin , McMellen, Christopher , Geletka, Benjamin , Calcei, Jacob , Voos, James , Seshadri, Dhruv
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sensors Vol. 22, no. 19 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Heat-related illnesses, which range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke, affect thousands of individuals worldwide every year and are characterized by extreme hyperthermia with the core body temperature (CBT) usually > 40 °C, decline in physical and athletic performance, CNS dysfunction, and, eventually, multiorgan failure. The measurement of CBT has been shown to predict heat-related illness and its severity, but the current measurement methods are not practical for use in high acuity and high motion settings due to their invasive and obstructive nature or excessive costs. Noninvasive predictions of CBT using wearable technology and predictive algorithms offer the potential for continuous CBT monitoring and early intervention to prevent HRI in athletic, military, and intense work environments. Thus far, there has been a lack of peer-reviewed literature assessing the efficacy of wearable devices and predictive analytics to predict CBT to mitigate heat-related illness. This systematic review identified 20 studies representing a total of 25 distinct algorithms to predict the core body temperature using wearable technology. While a high accuracy in prediction was noted, with 17 out of 18 algorithms meeting the clinical validity standards. few algorithms incorporated individual and environmental data into their core body temperature prediction algorithms, despite the known impact of individual health and situational and environmental factors on CBT. Robust machine learning methods offer the ability to develop more accurate, reliable, and personalized CBT prediction algorithms using wearable devices by including additional data on user characteristics, workout intensity, and the surrounding environment. The integration and interoperability of CBT prediction algorithms with existing heat-related illness prevention and treatment tools, including heat indices such as the WBGT, athlete management systems, and electronic medical records, will further prevent HRI and increase the availability and speed of data access during critical heat events, improving the clinical decision-making process for athletic trainers and physicians, sports scientists, employers, and military officers. © 2022 by the authors.
What's hot and what's not – Identifying publication trends in insect ecology
- Andrew, Nigel, Evans, Maldwyn, Svejcar, Lauren, Prendegast, Kit, Barton, Philip
- Authors: Andrew, Nigel , Evans, Maldwyn , Svejcar, Lauren , Prendegast, Kit , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Austral Ecology Vol. 47, no. 1 (2022), p. 5-16
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Research disciplines in science have historically developed in silos but are increasingly multidisciplinary. Here, we assessed how the insect ecology literature published in ecological and entomological journals has developed over the last 20 years and which topics have crossed discipline boundaries. We used structural topic modelling to assess research trends from 34 304 articles published in six ecology journals and six entomology journals between 2000 and 2020. We then identified and compared topics that emerged from the entire body of literature, or corpus, with topics that emerged from a subsection of articles that focused only on insects (insect corpus). We found that, within the entire corpus, topics on ‘Community ecology’, ‘Traits, life history & physiology’ and ‘Ecological methods & theory’ became more prevalent over time (hot topics), whereas ‘Population modelling’, ‘Insect development’, ‘Reproduction & ontogeny’ and ‘Plant growth’ declined in prevalence over the 20 years we surveyed (cold topics). In the insect corpus, we found that hot topics included ‘Thermal tolerance’ and ‘Disease vectors’, whereas cold topics included ‘Herbivore phenology’, ‘Insect-plant interactions’ and ‘Parasitoids and parasites’. ‘Landscape ecology’ was a growth topic area for both corpora. Our findings suggest that insect-related research is a major component of the broader ecological discipline, and there are topics in ecology where insect research aligns with general ecological trends. However, specific topics unique to the insect corpora – such as insect taxonomy – are fundamental to both insect and ecology research. © 2021 Ecological Society of Australia
Wireless powering internet of things with UAVs : challenges and opportunities
- Liu, Yalin, Dai, Hong-Ning, Wang, Qubeijian, Imran, Muhammad, Guizani, Nadra
- Authors: Liu, Yalin , Dai, Hong-Ning , Wang, Qubeijian , Imran, Muhammad , Guizani, Nadra
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: IEEE Network Vol. 36, no. 2 (2022), p. 146-152
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to overcome the deployment constraint of The Internet of Things (IoT) in remote or rural areas. Wirelessly powered communications (WPC) can address the battery limitation of IoT devices through transferring wireless power to IoT devices. The integration of UAVs and WPC, namely UAV-enabled wireless powering IoT (Ue-WPI-o T) can greatly extend the IoT applications from cities to remote or rural areas. In this article, we present a state-of-the-art overview of Ue-WPIoT by first illustrating the working flow of Ue-WPIoT and discussing the challenges. We then introduce the enabling technologies in realizing Ue-WPI-oT. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the enabling technologies in Ue-WPIoT. We finally outline the future directions and open issues. © 1986-2012 IEEE.
A critical review on the development and challenges of concentrated solar power technologies
- Shahabuddin, M., Alim, M., Alam, Tanvir, Mofijur, M., Ahmed, S., Perkins, Greg
- Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Alim, M. , Alam, Tanvir , Mofijur, M. , Ahmed, S. , Perkins, Greg
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Vol. 47, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising renewable and sustainable energy sources. Two key technologies such as photovoltaic and concentrated solar power are mainly used to convert solar radiation, out of which photovoltaic directly converts solar radiation into electricity, while concentrated solar power technology converts solar radiation both into heat and electricity. The key advantages of concentrated solar power technology over photovoltaic is its capability of storing heat energy which can be utilised in the absence of sunlight, overcoming the limitation of the intermittent nature of solar power. Currently, the cost for the concentrated solar power with storage is about 9.0 ¢/kWh (same as commercial photovoltaic system), which is expected to drop at ~5.0 ¢/kWh by 2030. Besides four mainstream concentrated solar power technologies, this paper reviewed the application of concentrated solar power in thermolysis, thermochemical cycle, hydrocarbon cracking, reforming and solar gasification. Based on the literature review, this study has outlined the key challenges and prospects of concentrated solar power technologies. The main challenge in thermolysis is the requirement of very high temperature, while the thermochemical cycle is inefficient. Solar thermal cracking, reforming, and gasification integrate carbonaceous fuel to produce synthesis gas and hydrogen and therefore are not emission-free. The concentrated solar power technologies require further development and cost reductions before they can be scaled up to have a meaningful impact on renewable energy targets towards 2050. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
A systematic review of public transport accessibility for people using mobility devices
- Unsworth, Carolyn, So, Man, Chua, Julian, Gudimetla, Prasad, Naweed, Anjum
- Authors: Unsworth, Carolyn , So, Man , Chua, Julian , Gudimetla, Prasad , Naweed, Anjum
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Disability and Rehabilitation Vol. 43, no. 16 (2021), p. 2253-2267
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: Being able to access public transport is vital for mobility device users as this is an affordable way of maintaining community connections and participating in activities that promote quality of life. This systematic review investigated literature on public transport access for people using mobility devices, excluding transit restraint and securement literature. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature in English from 1995 to 2019, with critical appraisal and narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty-six articles were identified, including 14 studies investigating user experiences, seven examining bus formats and floor layouts, and five focusing on bus ramp incidents and optimal design. Studies were generally observational and descriptive, with 12 including analysis of video data. Conclusion: This is the first systematic review of literature related to the accessibility of public transport for people using mobility devices. Topics such as ramp access have been relatively well-researched, as have the experiences of users. However, many gaps remain and there is a need for research to; address the barriers identified through user experiences, discern the best access to stations and stops, as well as floor formats for people to ingress, manoeuvre and egress from a variety of transport modes, and promote universal design principles in the transport sector. Rehabilitation professionals can use the findings of this review to advocate for, and support people using mobility devices to successfully negotiate public transport.Implications for Rehabilitation Accessible public transport is vital to enable people using mobility devices to remain connected in their communities. Despite increased international awareness and adoption of accessibility features by the public transport sector to improve getting to a stop, ingress, manoeuvrability within and egress from conveyances, access for people using wheeled mobility devices cannot be assumed. When prescribing new wheeled mobility devices with clients, rehabilitation professionals and users need to consider public transport access and the suitability of different devices for this purpose. Rehabilitation professionals can undertake skills training with people using wheeled mobility devices to test out access prior to independent travel on public transport and develop strategies to overcome any barriers. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
A systemic review of the impact of wildfires on sleep disturbances
- Isaac, Fadia, Toukhsati, Samia, Benedetto, Mirella, Kennedy, Gerard
- Authors: Isaac, Fadia , Toukhsati, Samia , Benedetto, Mirella , Kennedy, Gerard
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, no. 19 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Wildfires present a serious risk to humans as well as to the environment. Wildfires cause loss of lives, economic losses, expose people to personal as well as collective trauma, and compro-mise the mental health of survivors. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent following a traumatic event; however, their prevalence is not well established amongst those confronted by natural disasters such as wildfires. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the empirical findings per-taining to wildfires and the prevalence of sleep disturbances in the general community affected by this natural disaster. We searched EBSCO, PsychINFO, Medline, SpringerLink, CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library between January 2012 and March 2021. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings from this systematic review suggest that sleep disturbances, assessed one to ten months following the fires, are highly prevalent in wildfire survivors, with insomnia (ranging between 63–72.5%) and nightmares (ranging between 33.3–46.5%), being the most prevalent sleep disturbances reported in this cohort. Results also highlight the significant associa-tions between sleep disturbances and post-traumatic symptoms following the trauma of wildfires. There is a possible link between sleep disturbance prevalence, severity of, and proximity to fires. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Isaac, Fadia , Toukhsati, Samia , Benedetto, Mirella , Kennedy, Gerard
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, no. 19 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Wildfires present a serious risk to humans as well as to the environment. Wildfires cause loss of lives, economic losses, expose people to personal as well as collective trauma, and compro-mise the mental health of survivors. Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent following a traumatic event; however, their prevalence is not well established amongst those confronted by natural disasters such as wildfires. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the empirical findings per-taining to wildfires and the prevalence of sleep disturbances in the general community affected by this natural disaster. We searched EBSCO, PsychINFO, Medline, SpringerLink, CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library between January 2012 and March 2021. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings from this systematic review suggest that sleep disturbances, assessed one to ten months following the fires, are highly prevalent in wildfire survivors, with insomnia (ranging between 63–72.5%) and nightmares (ranging between 33.3–46.5%), being the most prevalent sleep disturbances reported in this cohort. Results also highlight the significant associa-tions between sleep disturbances and post-traumatic symptoms following the trauma of wildfires. There is a possible link between sleep disturbance prevalence, severity of, and proximity to fires. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Acupuncture as an independent or adjuvant management to standard care for perimenopausal depression : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Zhao, Fei, Fu, Qiang-Qiang, Kennedy, Gerard, Conduit, Russell, Zhang, Wen-Jing, Zheng, Zhen
- Authors: Zhao, Fei , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Kennedy, Gerard , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Many women with perimenopausal depression (PMD) have sought alternative therapies such as acupuncture because of concerns about risks associated with antidepressant and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This systematic review aimed to clarify if acupuncture is effective for PMD compared with waitlist control or placebo/sham acupuncture, and if acupuncture alone or combined with standard care (antidepressant and/or HRT) is more effective in ameliorating PMD in comparison with standard care alone. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PMD treatment via acupuncture vs. waitlist control or placebo/sham acupuncture, and RCTs of PMD treatment via acupuncture alone or combined with Western pharmacotherapy vs. Western pharmacotherapy were searched for from seven databases from inception to December 2020. Cochrane criteria were followed. Results: Twenty-five studies involving 2,213 women were analyzed. Meta-analyses indicated that acupuncture significantly reduced the global scores of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.54, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.16), p < 0.01], compared with standard care. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture maintained at 2-, 4-, and 12-week follow-ups. Acupuncture combined with standard care was more effective than standard care alone in decreasing HAMD scores [SMD = −0.82, 95% CI (−1.07, −0.58), p < 0.01]. Too few RCTs were available to assess the clinical efficacy differences between acupuncture and placebo/sham acupuncture or HRT alone. Acupuncture also showed better effects in decreasing Kupperman index (KI) scores, whether compared with antidepressant alone [MD = −4.55, 95% CI (−8.46, −0.65), p = 0.02] or antidepressant combined with HRT [MD = −0.89, 95% CI (−1.34, −0.43), p < 0.01]. Conclusions: In comparison with standard care, acupuncture alone or combined with standard care was associated with significant improvements in PMD and reductions of other menopausal symptoms. This finding suggests that acupuncture may be a useful addition to treatment for PMD. © Copyright © 2021 Zhao, Fu, Kennedy, Conduit, Zhang and Zheng.
- Authors: Zhao, Fei , Fu, Qiang-Qiang , Kennedy, Gerard , Conduit, Russell , Zhang, Wen-Jing , Zheng, Zhen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Many women with perimenopausal depression (PMD) have sought alternative therapies such as acupuncture because of concerns about risks associated with antidepressant and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This systematic review aimed to clarify if acupuncture is effective for PMD compared with waitlist control or placebo/sham acupuncture, and if acupuncture alone or combined with standard care (antidepressant and/or HRT) is more effective in ameliorating PMD in comparison with standard care alone. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PMD treatment via acupuncture vs. waitlist control or placebo/sham acupuncture, and RCTs of PMD treatment via acupuncture alone or combined with Western pharmacotherapy vs. Western pharmacotherapy were searched for from seven databases from inception to December 2020. Cochrane criteria were followed. Results: Twenty-five studies involving 2,213 women were analyzed. Meta-analyses indicated that acupuncture significantly reduced the global scores of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.54, 95% CI (−0.91, −0.16), p < 0.01], compared with standard care. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture maintained at 2-, 4-, and 12-week follow-ups. Acupuncture combined with standard care was more effective than standard care alone in decreasing HAMD scores [SMD = −0.82, 95% CI (−1.07, −0.58), p < 0.01]. Too few RCTs were available to assess the clinical efficacy differences between acupuncture and placebo/sham acupuncture or HRT alone. Acupuncture also showed better effects in decreasing Kupperman index (KI) scores, whether compared with antidepressant alone [MD = −4.55, 95% CI (−8.46, −0.65), p = 0.02] or antidepressant combined with HRT [MD = −0.89, 95% CI (−1.34, −0.43), p < 0.01]. Conclusions: In comparison with standard care, acupuncture alone or combined with standard care was associated with significant improvements in PMD and reductions of other menopausal symptoms. This finding suggests that acupuncture may be a useful addition to treatment for PMD. © Copyright © 2021 Zhao, Fu, Kennedy, Conduit, Zhang and Zheng.
Advances in the theory of compact groups and pro-lie groups in the last quarter century
- Hofmann, Karl, Morris, Sidney
- Authors: Hofmann, Karl , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Axioms Vol. 10, no. 3 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article surveys the development of the theory of compact groups and pro-Lie groups, contextualizing the major achievements over 125 years and focusing on some progress in the last quarter century. It begins with developments in the 18th and 19th centuries. Next is from Hilbert’s Fifth Problem in 1900 to its solution in 1952 by Montgomery, Zippin, and Gleason and Yamabe’s important structure theorem on almost connected locally compact groups. This half century included profound contributions by Weyl and Peter, Haar, Pontryagin, van Kampen, Weil, and Iwasawa. The focus in the last quarter century has been structure theory, largely resulting from extending Lie Theory to compact groups and then to pro-Lie groups, which are projective limits of finite-dimensional Lie groups. The category of pro-Lie groups is the smallest complete category containing Lie groups and includes all compact groups, locally compact abelian groups, and connected locally compact groups. Amongst the structure theorems is that each almost connected pro-Lie group G is homeomorphic to RI × C for a suitable set I and some compact subgroup C. Finally, there is a perfect generalization to compact groups G of the age-old natural duality of the group algebra R[G] of a finite group G to its representation algebra R(G, R), via the natural duality of the topological vector space RI to the vector space R(I), for any set I, thus opening a new approach to the Hochschild-Tannaka duality of compact groups. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Hofmann, Karl , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Axioms Vol. 10, no. 3 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article surveys the development of the theory of compact groups and pro-Lie groups, contextualizing the major achievements over 125 years and focusing on some progress in the last quarter century. It begins with developments in the 18th and 19th centuries. Next is from Hilbert’s Fifth Problem in 1900 to its solution in 1952 by Montgomery, Zippin, and Gleason and Yamabe’s important structure theorem on almost connected locally compact groups. This half century included profound contributions by Weyl and Peter, Haar, Pontryagin, van Kampen, Weil, and Iwasawa. The focus in the last quarter century has been structure theory, largely resulting from extending Lie Theory to compact groups and then to pro-Lie groups, which are projective limits of finite-dimensional Lie groups. The category of pro-Lie groups is the smallest complete category containing Lie groups and includes all compact groups, locally compact abelian groups, and connected locally compact groups. Amongst the structure theorems is that each almost connected pro-Lie group G is homeomorphic to RI × C for a suitable set I and some compact subgroup C. Finally, there is a perfect generalization to compact groups G of the age-old natural duality of the group algebra R[G] of a finite group G to its representation algebra R(G, R), via the natural duality of the topological vector space RI to the vector space R(I), for any set I, thus opening a new approach to the Hochschild-Tannaka duality of compact groups. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
An exploration into suicide prevention initiatives for mental health nurses : a systematic literature review
- Dabkowski, Elissa, Porter, Joanne
- Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30, no. 3 (2021), p. 610-623
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mental health and suicide prevention are national health priorities in Australia, with research currently focussed towards the ZERO Suicide (ZS) initiative. The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of suicide prevention programmes, in particular the ZS prevention initiative. A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was conducted using six EBSCO Host databases; Academic Search Complete, Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and APA Psyc Articles. The data extracted from the eligible papers were analysed using a thematic approach. The final data set consisted of fourteen (n = 14) peer-reviewed articles meeting the eligibility criteria, which included quantitative (n = 10), mixed methods (n = 2), and qualitative studies (n = 2). Results indicated variances between suicide prevention programmes with some papers examining single workshops and others assessing multimodal, organizational interventions. Five major themes were produced from this review including measuring the success of suicide prevention programmes, improvements to the delivery of suicide prevention programmes, barriers to implementing changes, cultural considerations, and further research required for suicide prevention programmes. This review concludes that further long-term research is required to evaluate the implementation and efficacy of suicide prevention programmes in health care. Cultural awareness in suicide prevention training is another area that may benefit from further research. A growing body of evidence establishes the need for multimodal and organizational approaches for suicide prevention initiatives. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
- Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30, no. 3 (2021), p. 610-623
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mental health and suicide prevention are national health priorities in Australia, with research currently focussed towards the ZERO Suicide (ZS) initiative. The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of suicide prevention programmes, in particular the ZS prevention initiative. A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was conducted using six EBSCO Host databases; Academic Search Complete, Australian/New Zealand Reference Centre, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, and APA Psyc Articles. The data extracted from the eligible papers were analysed using a thematic approach. The final data set consisted of fourteen (n = 14) peer-reviewed articles meeting the eligibility criteria, which included quantitative (n = 10), mixed methods (n = 2), and qualitative studies (n = 2). Results indicated variances between suicide prevention programmes with some papers examining single workshops and others assessing multimodal, organizational interventions. Five major themes were produced from this review including measuring the success of suicide prevention programmes, improvements to the delivery of suicide prevention programmes, barriers to implementing changes, cultural considerations, and further research required for suicide prevention programmes. This review concludes that further long-term research is required to evaluate the implementation and efficacy of suicide prevention programmes in health care. Cultural awareness in suicide prevention training is another area that may benefit from further research. A growing body of evidence establishes the need for multimodal and organizational approaches for suicide prevention initiatives. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
- Roberts, Jason, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Roberts, Jason , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Weed Research Vol. 61, no. 4 (2021), p. 272-281
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ulex europaeus (Gorse) is one of the most invasive shrubs in the world, being now found in more than 50 countries where it economically and environmentally degrades the land. This highly versatile shrub can live more than 30 years and produce over 18,000 fertile seeds annually that can remain viable for over 30 years. Ulex europaeus spread is facilitated by its ability to germinate in a wide range of conditions, quick growth and maturing rate and several seed dispersal mechanisms. Despite extensive research and attempts at managing U. europaeus, current rates of control are not adequate to limit the species’ competitiveness and impact on the environment. This has resulted in the species altering soil and landscape dynamics in areas of major invasion, inhibiting the growth of agricultural and native species, creating shelter for pest species and reducing the richness of competing species at a site, all of which contribute to the economic and environmental degradation of the land. This review highlights that herbicide application is the most successful technique used to control U. europaeus, although it has shown varying success across different climatic regions. In this regard, future research should investigate the possibility of integrating a range of techniques (competition, fire management, grazing, manual removal and mycoherbicides) to increase control success and reduce any potential risk of herbicide resistance. Further research is also required on the maintenance of longer-term viable populations of biological control agents to limit the success of this invasive species. Bridging the identified research gaps will help to facilitate the improved long-term management of U. europaeus and help land managers confidently to maintain sustainable land systems. © 2021 European Weed Research Society