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Let G = (V, E) be a finite (non-empty) graph, where V and E are the sets of vertices and edges of G. An edge magic total labeling is a bijection
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The estimation of Maximum Entropy (ME) median variance based on odd samples is discussed. The estimated variance is given in a form that depends on an incomplete beta function. We show that the ME-median is more efficient than the sample median for small samples.
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It is well known that apart from the Petersen graph there are no Moore graphs of degree 3. As a cubic graph must have an even number of vertices, there are no graphs of maximum degree 3 and
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Gaussian mixture models (GMM) is used to represent the dynamic background in a surveillance video to detect the moving objects automatically. All the existing GMM based techniques inherently use the proportion by which a pixel is going to observe the background in any operating environment. In this paper we first show that such a proportion not only varies widely across different scenarios but also forbids using very fast learning rate. We then propose a dynamic background generation technique in conjunction with basic background subtraction which detected moving objects with improved stability and superior detection quality on a wide range of operating environments in two sets of benchmark surveillance sequences.
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In this paper we summarize our proposed methodology for dynamic reconfiguration of telecommunication networks. This procedure is implemented to achieve network recovery in the case of any failure in the network. We also outline a brief description of path analysis techniques that are considered in the rerouting of Origin-Destination traffic flows and address how these methods are used in the implementation of proposed algorithm
Description:
In this paper we summarize our proposed methodology for dynamic reconfiguration of telecommunication networks. This procedure is implemented to achieve network recovery in the case of any failure in the network. We also outline a brief description of path analysis techniques that are considered in the rerouting of Origin-Destination traffic flows and address how these methods are used in the implementation of proposed algorithm
Description:
Multiobjective reinforcement learning (MORL) extends RL to problems with multiple conflicting objectives. This paper argues for designing MORL systems to produce a set of solutions approximating the Pareto front, and shows that the common MORL technique of scalarisation has fundamental limitations when used to find Pareto-optimal policies. The work is supported by the presentation of three new MORL benchmarks with known Pareto fronts.
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In this paper, we propose an algorithm that produces the complete test set (CTS) of a reversible circuit for Single stuck-at fault (SSF) and multiple-stuck-at fault (MSF) models. Our algorithm works only for an important subclass of reversible circuits - the circuits consisting of k-CNOT gates (k ges 2) though, any n-wire circuit having 0-CNOT or 1-CNOT gates can be converted to a (n + 2) wire circuit having only k-CNOT gates with k ges 2 with some additional hardware cost. Generated complete test set is not necessarily optimal, but minimizing the size of the complete test set is our key concern. Finally we provide some experimental results for the proposed method and compare it with existing methods to show how it outperforms almost all of the existing algorithms in terms of number of elements of CTS but is outperformed by some of the existing ones in terms of hardware cost.
Description:
Human arm movements need 'online' corrections due to noise in perception and action. A Step-Perturbation paradigm explored online corrections in control children and children with DCD aged between 7 and 13 years. Control children found the task straightforward: a distracter had no effect and they managed to stop relatively quickly. Children with DCD found the task difficult and the apparatus was modified accordingly (decreased postural and force production demands). The distracter affected some children with DCD and some found it difficult to stop. All of the DCD population showed poorer performance in both the perturbation and non-perturbation condition. Nevertheless, there was no interaction between group and condition. Thus, this study found no evidence for specific deficits in online correction mechanisms in DCD. We suggest that: (i) fundamental problems in generating basic movements can account for the documented difficulties in correcting on-going movements, and (ii) such fundamental difficulties make it very difficult to pinpoint specific mechanism deficits.
Description:
Very low bit-rate video coding algorithms using content-based generated patterns to segment out moving regions at macroblock level have exhibited good potential for improved coding efficiency when embedded into the H.264 standard as extra mode. This content-based pattern generation (CPG) algorithm provides local optimal result as only one pattern can be optimally generated from a given set of moving regions. But, it failed to provide optimal results for multiple patterns from entire sets. Obviously, a global optimal solution for clustering the set and then generation of multiple patterns enhances the performance farther. But a global optimal solution is not achievable due to the non-polynomial nature of the clustering problem. In this paper, we proposed a near optimal content-based pattern generation (OCPG) algorithm which outperforms the existing approach. Coupling OCPG, generating a set of patterns after clustering the macroblocks into several disjoint sets, with direct pattern selection algorithm by allowing all the macroblocks in multiple pattern modes outperforms the existing pattern-based coding while both embedded into the H.264.
Description:
There are many improvements to operation that can be made to a water distribution system once it has been constructed and placed in ground. Pipes and associated storages and pumps are typically designed to meet average peak daily demands, offer some capacity for growth, and also allow for some deterioration of performance over time. However, the 'as constructed' performance of the pipeline is invariably different to what was designed on paper, and this is particularly so for anything other than design flows, such as during times of water restrictions when there are significantly reduced flows. Because of this, there remain significant benefits to owners and operators for the adaptive and global optimisation of such systems. The present paper uses the Ouyen subsystem of the Northern Mallee Pipeline, in Victoria, as a case study for the development of an optimisation model. This has been done with the intent of using this model to reduce costs and provide better service to customers on this system. The Ouyen subsystem consists of 1600 km of trunk and distribution pipeline servicing an area of 456,000 Ha. The system includes 2 fixed speed pumps diverting water from the Murray River at Liparoo into two 150 ML balancing storages at Ouyen, 4 variable speed pumps feeding water from the balancing storages into the pipeline system, 2 variable speed pressure booster pumps and 5 town balancing storages. When considering all these components of the system, power consumption becomes an important part of the overall operation. The present paper considers a global optimisation model to minimise power consumption while maintaining reasonable performance of the system. The main components of the model are described including the network structure and the costs functions associated with the system. The final model presents the cost functions associated with the pump scheduling, including the penalties descriptions associated with maintaining appropriate storages levels and pressure bounds within the water distribution network.
Description:
Shed feathers obtained by noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) are a valuable source of DNA for genetic studies of birds. They can be collected across a large geographical range and facilitate research on species that would otherwise be extremely difficult to study. A limitation of this approach is uncertainty concerning the quality of the extracted DNA. Here we investigate the relationship between feather type, feather condition and DNA quality (amplification success) in order to provide a simple, cost-effective method for screening samples prior to genetic analysis. We obtained 637 shed feathers of the powerful owl (Ninox strenua) from across its range in southeastern Australia. The extracted DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction for a range of markers including mitochondrial DNA, ND3 and nuclear DNA, a simple sequence repeat (Nst02) and a portion of the CHD-1 gene (P2/P8). We found that feather condition significantly influenced the amplification success of all three loci, with feathers characterized as ‘good’ having greater success. Feather type was found to be of lower importance, with good quality feathers of all types consistently producing high success for all three loci. We also found that the successful amplification of multilocus genotypes was dependant on the condition of the starting material and was highly correlated with successful amplification of the sex-linked CHD-1 locus. Samples with low DNA quality have a higher probability of amplification failure and are more likely to produce incorrect genotypes; therefore, identifying samples with high DNA quality can save substantial time and cost associated with the genetic analysis of NGS. As a result, we propose a method for screening shed feathers in order to provide a subset of samples which will have a greater probability of containing high quality DNA suitable for the amplification of multilocus genotypes.
Description:
Some experts say a mental state of relaxed concentration - when the brain produces alpha waves - is the most conducive to learning. Perhaps this is why the friendly atmosphere and ambience in men's sheds supports the process of informal learning. This paper discusses aspects of men's learning derived from the authors' study of mostly older men who are coming together, talking, working and socialising in community sheds across Australia. The paper looks at the social, informal and autonomous learning and considers the significance of the community work-like settings. Mentoring, coaching, 'sitting next to George' and 'hanging out on the periphery' are common forms of social pedagogical interaction in these contexts as are group discussion, conversations and low-key questioning. In this paper the mostly older men's learning is analysed as a subset of lifelong learning. The participants in the study are mostly older men: some retired, some recovering from illness or injury, others unable to find full-time paid work. However all share a social space and an undefined but common purpose that due to ageing bodies and faculties is sometimes illusionary as much as real, but that is loosely focused around regular, hands-on participation in traditional, male-orientated, goal-directed activities. Considered highly significant to participation in the learning and group activities is the development of male friendships referred to as 'mateship' amongst men in Australia. These friendships develop through participation and inclusion in activity that occurs in social and community spaces. The authors' research shows that access to, and inclusion in, these male-orientated group spaces provides an avenue for the development of friendships, trust, support and reciprocity. Through the research the authors found that the associated learning and life- stage development that occurs in these environments leads to self- reported improvements in happiness, health and wellbeing, and feelings of social connection. The participants in this study are generally considered to be a missing group or cohort in adult education. It also picks up on the trend in Australia about 'a remarkable explosion in individualised, self-directed and autonomous forms of learning that have occurred without involving adult educators'. Considered central to this study were the places, spaces and faces. [Author abstract, ed]
Description:
The policing of mass public protest is complex, uncertain and unpredictable. The art of policing is selective, especially so in maintaining public order: it requires knowledge, experience and acumen regarding when and how to act in the midst of dissent. In Western democracies in the eighties and nineties, a softer, more tolerant, flexible and less coercive style of policing emerged. With notable exceptions, Australia saw police leadership advocating communication, negotiated management and a low‐key approach to large‐scale protest, best exemplified in policing the 1998 national waterfront dispute. This paper argues that the advent of anti‐globalisation protest (Melbourne's World Economic Forum 2000, Melbourne's G20 summit 2006, Sydney's APEC meeting 2007) has ushered in a new phase in the policing of mass protest. Negotiation is still embedded in the policing approach, but the proliferation and the exhibition of paramilitary riot police and weaponry are accompanied by the enforcement of “exclusionary zones” to protect dignitaries at global “talkfests”. The threat of force, like its actual implementation, can be a deterrent to potential protest participants wishing to display dissent. Public order policing is increasingly ambiguous in its objectives of maintaining security and control but also of safeguarding the civil rights of protesters. The balance is delicate: both police and protesters need to properly commit to negotiated arrangements, whenever feasible.