The symbolism of international tourism in national identity
- Yang, I-Chieh, French, Juliana, Lee, Christina, Watabe, Motoki
- Authors: Yang, I-Chieh , French, Juliana , Lee, Christina , Watabe, Motoki
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 83, no. (2020), p.
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- Description: Drawing on symbolic interactionism, this paper explores the nexus between tourism and national identity in China. Unlike current research's focus on the role of inbound heritage tourism sites in fostering national identity, this study uses symbolic interactionism to frame an analysis of how Chinese national identity is expressed and affirmed as a phenomenon of experiential consumption through the act of international outbound tourism. A multi-method approach guided the data collection from 28 Chinese tourists in two groups. Data analysis follows a constructivist grounded theory approach that is expressly suited to symbolic interactionism. The findings revealed that international tourism offers a platform on which to affirm and express Chinese national identity through the symbolic interaction between Chinese tourists and the world outside of China. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Yang, I-Chieh , French, Juliana , Lee, Christina , Watabe, Motoki
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 83, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Drawing on symbolic interactionism, this paper explores the nexus between tourism and national identity in China. Unlike current research's focus on the role of inbound heritage tourism sites in fostering national identity, this study uses symbolic interactionism to frame an analysis of how Chinese national identity is expressed and affirmed as a phenomenon of experiential consumption through the act of international outbound tourism. A multi-method approach guided the data collection from 28 Chinese tourists in two groups. Data analysis follows a constructivist grounded theory approach that is expressly suited to symbolic interactionism. The findings revealed that international tourism offers a platform on which to affirm and express Chinese national identity through the symbolic interaction between Chinese tourists and the world outside of China. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Intelligent modeling of blast-induced rock movement prediction using dimensional analysis and optimized artificial neural network technique
- Yu, Zhi, Shi, Xiaohu, Miao, Xiaohu, Zhou, Jian, Khandelwal, Manoj
- Authors: Yu, Zhi , Shi, Xiaohu , Miao, Xiaohu , Zhou, Jian , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Vol. 143, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: For maximum metal recovery, considering the movement of ore and waste during the blasting process in loading design is meaningful for reducing ore loss and ore dilution in an open-pit mine. The blast-induced rock movement (BIRM) can be directly measured; nevertheless, it is time-consuming and relative expensive. To solve this problem, a novel intelligent prediction model was proposed by using dimensional analysis and optimized artificial neural network technique in this paper based on the BIRM monitoring test in Husab Uranium Mine, Namibia and Phoenix Mine, USA. After using dimensional analysis, five input variables and one output variable were determined with both considering the dimension and physical meaning of each dimensionless variable. Then, artificial neural network technique (ANN) technique was utilized to develop an accurate prediction model, and a metaheuristic algorithm namely the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm was applied to search the optimal hyper-parameter combination. For comparison aims, a linear model and a non-linear regression model were also performed, and the comparison results show that the provided hybrid ANN-based model can yield better prediction performance. As a result, it can be concluded that the developed intelligent model in this article has the potential to predict BIRM during bench blasting, and the analysis method and modeling process in this paper can provide a reference for solving other engineering problems. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Manoj Khandelwal” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Yu, Zhi , Shi, Xiaohu , Miao, Xiaohu , Zhou, Jian , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Vol. 143, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: For maximum metal recovery, considering the movement of ore and waste during the blasting process in loading design is meaningful for reducing ore loss and ore dilution in an open-pit mine. The blast-induced rock movement (BIRM) can be directly measured; nevertheless, it is time-consuming and relative expensive. To solve this problem, a novel intelligent prediction model was proposed by using dimensional analysis and optimized artificial neural network technique in this paper based on the BIRM monitoring test in Husab Uranium Mine, Namibia and Phoenix Mine, USA. After using dimensional analysis, five input variables and one output variable were determined with both considering the dimension and physical meaning of each dimensionless variable. Then, artificial neural network technique (ANN) technique was utilized to develop an accurate prediction model, and a metaheuristic algorithm namely the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm was applied to search the optimal hyper-parameter combination. For comparison aims, a linear model and a non-linear regression model were also performed, and the comparison results show that the provided hybrid ANN-based model can yield better prediction performance. As a result, it can be concluded that the developed intelligent model in this article has the potential to predict BIRM during bench blasting, and the analysis method and modeling process in this paper can provide a reference for solving other engineering problems. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Manoj Khandelwal” is provided in this record**
Transport infrastructure and house prices in the long run
- Churchill, Sefa, Baako, Kingsley, Mintah, Kwabena, Zhang, Quanda
- Authors: Churchill, Sefa , Baako, Kingsley , Mintah, Kwabena , Zhang, Quanda
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transport Policy Vol. 112, no. (2021), p. 1-12
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- Description: We examine the effects of transport infrastructure on house prices in the OECD countries over the period 1870 to 2016. We employ both parametric and non-parametric panel data techniques that account for the non-linear and time-varying relationship between transport infrastructure and house prices. Our parametric results, which are based on newly developed panel data models that incorporate interactive fixed effects, suggest that transport infrastructure is positively associated with house prices. The non-parametric estimates suggest a time-varying relationship and that the average positive effect of transport infrastructure has been the case for most of the period we study. We also examine three channels through which transport infrastructure could influence house prices – economic growth, employment, and crime – and find that economic growth is a mechanism through which transport infrastructure transmits to house prices. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Churchill, Sefa , Baako, Kingsley , Mintah, Kwabena , Zhang, Quanda
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transport Policy Vol. 112, no. (2021), p. 1-12
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- Description: We examine the effects of transport infrastructure on house prices in the OECD countries over the period 1870 to 2016. We employ both parametric and non-parametric panel data techniques that account for the non-linear and time-varying relationship between transport infrastructure and house prices. Our parametric results, which are based on newly developed panel data models that incorporate interactive fixed effects, suggest that transport infrastructure is positively associated with house prices. The non-parametric estimates suggest a time-varying relationship and that the average positive effect of transport infrastructure has been the case for most of the period we study. We also examine three channels through which transport infrastructure could influence house prices – economic growth, employment, and crime – and find that economic growth is a mechanism through which transport infrastructure transmits to house prices. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Concussion assessment and management — what do community-level cricket participants know?
- Kodikara, Dulan, Plumb, Mandy, Twomey, Dara
- Authors: Kodikara, Dulan , Plumb, Mandy , Twomey, Dara
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 9 (2023), p. 448-453
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- Description: Objectives: To explore Australian cricket participants' knowledge of concussion assessment and management, and awareness of current concussion guidelines. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: Novel and validated surveys were disseminated online, among over 16 year Australian cricket players and officials at the end of the 2018/19 cricket season. Data were collected on knowledge and awareness of concussion and analysed using descriptive statistics and crosstabulations. Further comparisons were made for the players between injured and non-injured, and helmet wearers and non-helmet wearers using Fisher's exact statistical test. Results: Both players (n = 224, 93 %) and officials (n = 36, 100 %) demonstrated strong knowledge of the importance of immediately evaluating suspected concussions. In comparison with players without helmets (n = 11), those using helmets (n = 135) considered replacing their helmets after a concussion to be vital to concussion assessment (p = 0.02). Overall, 80–97 % of players and 81–97 % of officials understood the importance of many factors regarding concussion management. When concussion management knowledge was compared by injury status, injured players (n = 17, 94 %) believed someone with a concussion should be hospitalised immediately, in contrast to non-injured players (n = 154, 69 %) (p = 0.04). Players (63 %) were less aware of concussion guidelines than officials (81 %). Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of concussion assessment and management was satisfactory. However, there were discrepancies among players on some aspects of awareness of concussion guidelines. Increasing players' familiarity and experience in using the concussion guidelines is warranted. Targeted campaigns are needed to further improve concussion recognition and treatment at community-level cricket, so all participants play a role in making cricket a safe sport. © 2023
- Authors: Kodikara, Dulan , Plumb, Mandy , Twomey, Dara
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 9 (2023), p. 448-453
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- Description: Objectives: To explore Australian cricket participants' knowledge of concussion assessment and management, and awareness of current concussion guidelines. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: Novel and validated surveys were disseminated online, among over 16 year Australian cricket players and officials at the end of the 2018/19 cricket season. Data were collected on knowledge and awareness of concussion and analysed using descriptive statistics and crosstabulations. Further comparisons were made for the players between injured and non-injured, and helmet wearers and non-helmet wearers using Fisher's exact statistical test. Results: Both players (n = 224, 93 %) and officials (n = 36, 100 %) demonstrated strong knowledge of the importance of immediately evaluating suspected concussions. In comparison with players without helmets (n = 11), those using helmets (n = 135) considered replacing their helmets after a concussion to be vital to concussion assessment (p = 0.02). Overall, 80–97 % of players and 81–97 % of officials understood the importance of many factors regarding concussion management. When concussion management knowledge was compared by injury status, injured players (n = 17, 94 %) believed someone with a concussion should be hospitalised immediately, in contrast to non-injured players (n = 154, 69 %) (p = 0.04). Players (63 %) were less aware of concussion guidelines than officials (81 %). Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of concussion assessment and management was satisfactory. However, there were discrepancies among players on some aspects of awareness of concussion guidelines. Increasing players' familiarity and experience in using the concussion guidelines is warranted. Targeted campaigns are needed to further improve concussion recognition and treatment at community-level cricket, so all participants play a role in making cricket a safe sport. © 2023
State-of-the-art review of composite marine risers for floating and fixed platforms in deep seas
- Amaechi, Chiemela, Reda, Ahmed, Shahin, Mohamed, Sultan, Ibrahim, Beddu, Salmia, Ja'e, Idris
- Authors: Amaechi, Chiemela , Reda, Ahmed , Shahin, Mohamed , Sultan, Ibrahim , Beddu, Salmia , Ja'e, Idris
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Ocean Research Vol. 138, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: The need for the utilisation of marine risers in deep seas has increased in recent years and this is due to increased drilling explorations with the shift in trend from shallower to deep and deeper waters. Also, there have been increased applications in sea-crossing infrastructure resulting in the need for longer risers, leading to a significant weight increase of marine risers used. Composite materials can thus be utilised in marine riser engineering to provide lightweight, fatigue-resistant, corrosion-resistant, low-bending stiffness and high-strength characteristics. In this paper, the history and potential of composite marine risers, including the first successful deployment of a composite riser joint offshore on the Heidrun Platform in 1995, are reviewed. The paper also discusses the advances achieved on composite marine risers for deep waters and presents some recommendations on their use, in light of their current significance and growth. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Amaechi, Chiemela , Reda, Ahmed , Shahin, Mohamed , Sultan, Ibrahim , Beddu, Salmia , Ja'e, Idris
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Applied Ocean Research Vol. 138, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The need for the utilisation of marine risers in deep seas has increased in recent years and this is due to increased drilling explorations with the shift in trend from shallower to deep and deeper waters. Also, there have been increased applications in sea-crossing infrastructure resulting in the need for longer risers, leading to a significant weight increase of marine risers used. Composite materials can thus be utilised in marine riser engineering to provide lightweight, fatigue-resistant, corrosion-resistant, low-bending stiffness and high-strength characteristics. In this paper, the history and potential of composite marine risers, including the first successful deployment of a composite riser joint offshore on the Heidrun Platform in 1995, are reviewed. The paper also discusses the advances achieved on composite marine risers for deep waters and presents some recommendations on their use, in light of their current significance and growth. © 2023 The Author(s)
Chinese students’ decisions to study in Australia after the COVID pandemic-based on the PESTLE factor analysis
- Paynter, Merryn, Sharpe, Wen, Halabi, Abdel, Reimers, Vaughan, Ma, Hongming, Johnstone, Carolyn
- Authors: Paynter, Merryn , Sharpe, Wen , Halabi, Abdel , Reimers, Vaughan , Ma, Hongming , Johnstone, Carolyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Intercultural Relations Vol. 96, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) framework on the motivations of Chinese students to pursue a higher education degree at Australian universities following the COVID-19 pandemic. We conduct a survey with a unique sample of 446 Chinese undergraduate students who are looking to study a postgraduate degree abroad. Seldom used in an educational setting, our empirical findings show a positive effect of PESTLE, particularly the economic factor, on students’ choice to study abroad, which is contrary to the null hypothesis. This study has broader implications for university administrators as it suggests that the PESTLE model can be a useful tool in analyzing education choices at a time of uncertainty. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Paynter, Merryn , Sharpe, Wen , Halabi, Abdel , Reimers, Vaughan , Ma, Hongming , Johnstone, Carolyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Intercultural Relations Vol. 96, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) framework on the motivations of Chinese students to pursue a higher education degree at Australian universities following the COVID-19 pandemic. We conduct a survey with a unique sample of 446 Chinese undergraduate students who are looking to study a postgraduate degree abroad. Seldom used in an educational setting, our empirical findings show a positive effect of PESTLE, particularly the economic factor, on students’ choice to study abroad, which is contrary to the null hypothesis. This study has broader implications for university administrators as it suggests that the PESTLE model can be a useful tool in analyzing education choices at a time of uncertainty. © 2023 The Authors
Converting optimum compaction properties of fine-grained soils between rational energy levels
- Soltani, Amin, Azimi, Mahdieh, O'Kelly, Brendan, Horpibulsuk, Suksun
- Authors: Soltani, Amin , Azimi, Mahdieh , O'Kelly, Brendan , Horpibulsuk, Suksun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transportation Geotechnics Vol. 42, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: This study introduces a practical energy conversion (EC)-type modeling framework capable of converting the optimum compaction properties of fine-grained soils between any two rational compaction energy levels (CELs). Model development/calibration was carried out using a database of 242 compaction test results — the largest and most diverse database of its kind, to date, entailing 76 fine-grained soils (covering liquid limits of 16–256%), with each soil tested for at least three different CELs. On establishing the framework, an independent database of 91 compaction test results (consisting of 34 fine-grained soils tested for varying CELs) was employed for its validation. The proposed EC-based models employ measured optimum water content (OWC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) values obtained for a rational CEL (preferably standard Proctor) to predict the same for higher and/or lower compactive efforts (covering 214–5416 kJ/m3). The 95% lower and upper statistical agreement limits between the predicted/converted and measured OWCs were obtained as
- Authors: Soltani, Amin , Azimi, Mahdieh , O'Kelly, Brendan , Horpibulsuk, Suksun
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transportation Geotechnics Vol. 42, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study introduces a practical energy conversion (EC)-type modeling framework capable of converting the optimum compaction properties of fine-grained soils between any two rational compaction energy levels (CELs). Model development/calibration was carried out using a database of 242 compaction test results — the largest and most diverse database of its kind, to date, entailing 76 fine-grained soils (covering liquid limits of 16–256%), with each soil tested for at least three different CELs. On establishing the framework, an independent database of 91 compaction test results (consisting of 34 fine-grained soils tested for varying CELs) was employed for its validation. The proposed EC-based models employ measured optimum water content (OWC) and maximum dry unit weight (MDUW) values obtained for a rational CEL (preferably standard Proctor) to predict the same for higher and/or lower compactive efforts (covering 214–5416 kJ/m3). The 95% lower and upper statistical agreement limits between the predicted/converted and measured OWCs were obtained as
Mathematical modeling and parametric study of the limaçon rotary compressor
- Lu, Kui, Sultan, Ibrahim, Phung, Truong
- Authors: Lu, Kui , Sultan, Ibrahim , Phung, Truong
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 134, no. (2022), p. 219-231
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- Description: In this paper, a class of rotary positive displacement compressors which is known as the limaçon compressor is introduced. The main feature of such a compressor is that profiles of its housing and rotor and the motion of its rotor are developed from a mathematical curve called the limaçon of Pascal. A mathematical model of the limaçon compressor, which incorporates the mass flow of the working fluid, the leakage loss, the dynamic response of the discharge valve, as well as the thermodynamic behaviors, is formulated, and the simulation of such a model has been performed to study the operational characteristics of the limaçon compressor. A parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the compressor performance. Based on the results, it is found that the machine performance deteriorates as the operating speed increases despite an initial rise in the volumetric efficiency. Additionally, the isentropic efficiency appears insensitive to the change of the pressure ratio, whereas a negative effect on the volumetric efficiency is noticed when the pressure ratio is increased. The effect of the valve diameter on the over-compression loss has also been studied, and the result indicates that a smaller valve diameter leads to a higher level of fluid over-compression. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and IIR
- Authors: Lu, Kui , Sultan, Ibrahim , Phung, Truong
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Refrigeration Vol. 134, no. (2022), p. 219-231
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this paper, a class of rotary positive displacement compressors which is known as the limaçon compressor is introduced. The main feature of such a compressor is that profiles of its housing and rotor and the motion of its rotor are developed from a mathematical curve called the limaçon of Pascal. A mathematical model of the limaçon compressor, which incorporates the mass flow of the working fluid, the leakage loss, the dynamic response of the discharge valve, as well as the thermodynamic behaviors, is formulated, and the simulation of such a model has been performed to study the operational characteristics of the limaçon compressor. A parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters on the compressor performance. Based on the results, it is found that the machine performance deteriorates as the operating speed increases despite an initial rise in the volumetric efficiency. Additionally, the isentropic efficiency appears insensitive to the change of the pressure ratio, whereas a negative effect on the volumetric efficiency is noticed when the pressure ratio is increased. The effect of the valve diameter on the over-compression loss has also been studied, and the result indicates that a smaller valve diameter leads to a higher level of fluid over-compression. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and IIR
Mate-value moderates the function of make-up as a signal of intrasexual aggression
- Sulikowski, Danielle, Ensor, Michelle, Wagstaff, Danielle
- Authors: Sulikowski, Danielle , Ensor, Michelle , Wagstaff, Danielle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 185, no. (2022), p.
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- Description: Make-up increases facial attractiveness. This may impress potential mates, but can also cause potential rivals to underestimate their own competitive potential. Such self-promotional behaviours may function even in the absence of potential mates, becoming signals of intrasexual competitive intent. Here we present data from two studies investigating the effects of digitally applied make-up on perceptions of intrasexual competitive intent, and on female perceivers' self-rated facial and body attractiveness, and self-esteem. In study 1, stimulus attractiveness moderated the impact of make-up: highly attractive women were perceived as more interpersonally aggressive when made-up, while less attractive women were perceived as having more leadership potential when made-up. In study 2, high mate-value participants who viewed made-up (compared to non-made-up) attractive faces subsequently reported lower own facial attractiveness. Low mate value participants and participants who viewed less attractive faces did not adjust their own facial attractiveness in response to make-up; and make-up did not impact ratings of body image or self-esteem. We suggest that self-promotional acts, such as wearing make-up, can signal competitive intent to rivals, independently of direct impacts on the wearers' own attractiveness. Make-up may function in this way primarily between high mate-value women, serving other social functions on less attractive women. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Sulikowski, Danielle , Ensor, Michelle , Wagstaff, Danielle
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 185, no. (2022), p.
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- Description: Make-up increases facial attractiveness. This may impress potential mates, but can also cause potential rivals to underestimate their own competitive potential. Such self-promotional behaviours may function even in the absence of potential mates, becoming signals of intrasexual competitive intent. Here we present data from two studies investigating the effects of digitally applied make-up on perceptions of intrasexual competitive intent, and on female perceivers' self-rated facial and body attractiveness, and self-esteem. In study 1, stimulus attractiveness moderated the impact of make-up: highly attractive women were perceived as more interpersonally aggressive when made-up, while less attractive women were perceived as having more leadership potential when made-up. In study 2, high mate-value participants who viewed made-up (compared to non-made-up) attractive faces subsequently reported lower own facial attractiveness. Low mate value participants and participants who viewed less attractive faces did not adjust their own facial attractiveness in response to make-up; and make-up did not impact ratings of body image or self-esteem. We suggest that self-promotional acts, such as wearing make-up, can signal competitive intent to rivals, independently of direct impacts on the wearers' own attractiveness. Make-up may function in this way primarily between high mate-value women, serving other social functions on less attractive women. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Quantifying the cohesive strength of rock materials by roughness analysis using a domain based multifractal framework
- Aligholi, Saeed, Torabi, Ali, Khandelwal, Manoj
- Authors: Aligholi, Saeed , Torabi, Ali , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Vol. 170, no. (2023), p.
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- Description: Cohesive strength or intrinsic tensile strength as well as cohesive length are two important unknowns for cohesive modelling of fracture and failure analysis of quasi-brittle materials including rocks. There is no direct method for measuring these parameters and their quantification is always challenging and controversial. In this study, a novel multifractal framework is employed to quantify the cohesive length of four different rock types including sandstone, marble, fine-grained granite and coarse-grained granite by analysing the roughness of their fracture surfaces in a wide range of length scales. On the one hand, microstructural heterogeneities of rock material at small enough length scales will cause multifractality of the roughness of its fractured surface. On the other hand, this intrinsic heterogeneity together with extrinsic features including loading and environmental conditions as well as geometrical features including shape and size of a quasi-brittle specimen or structure are forming a fracture process zone (FPZ) in front of any stress concentrators before crack propagation. Therefore, it is proposed that locating the transition from multifractality to mono-fractality of a rough rock fractured surface using the employed statistical mechanics method leads to quantifying the effective length of FPZ of a sharp crack or the cohesive length. This length is quantified for the studied rocks ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 mm. Moreover, by employing the theory of critical distances, the cohesive strength
- Authors: Aligholi, Saeed , Torabi, Ali , Khandelwal, Manoj
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Vol. 170, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cohesive strength or intrinsic tensile strength as well as cohesive length are two important unknowns for cohesive modelling of fracture and failure analysis of quasi-brittle materials including rocks. There is no direct method for measuring these parameters and their quantification is always challenging and controversial. In this study, a novel multifractal framework is employed to quantify the cohesive length of four different rock types including sandstone, marble, fine-grained granite and coarse-grained granite by analysing the roughness of their fracture surfaces in a wide range of length scales. On the one hand, microstructural heterogeneities of rock material at small enough length scales will cause multifractality of the roughness of its fractured surface. On the other hand, this intrinsic heterogeneity together with extrinsic features including loading and environmental conditions as well as geometrical features including shape and size of a quasi-brittle specimen or structure are forming a fracture process zone (FPZ) in front of any stress concentrators before crack propagation. Therefore, it is proposed that locating the transition from multifractality to mono-fractality of a rough rock fractured surface using the employed statistical mechanics method leads to quantifying the effective length of FPZ of a sharp crack or the cohesive length. This length is quantified for the studied rocks ranging from 0.4 to 1.1 mm. Moreover, by employing the theory of critical distances, the cohesive strength
The impact of progressive overload on the proportion and frequency of positive cardio-respiratory fitness responders
- Bell, Leo, McNicol, Ashleigh, McNeil, Elizabeth, Nguyen, Huy, Hunter, Jayden, O'Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Bell, Leo , McNicol, Ashleigh , McNeil, Elizabeth , Nguyen, Huy , Hunter, Jayden , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 10 (2023), p. 561-563
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- Description: The proportion of individuals whose cardio-respiratory fitness change after endurance training does not exceed the test's measurement error can be 40 %. We determined if progressively increasing treadmill run intensity compared to maintaining the same run intensity, improved the responder proportion to a 6-week 20-minute treadmill training regimen. The intervention response standard deviation method estimated the proportion of responders attributable to progressively increasing run intensity. The mixed-effects model demonstrated V̇O2 peak improved significantly more in the progressive versus constant run intensity group. The proportion of V̇O2 peak responses above the smallest worthwhile change attributable to progressively increasing run intensity was 63.6 %. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Bell, Leo , McNicol, Ashleigh , McNeil, Elizabeth , Nguyen, Huy , Hunter, Jayden , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 10 (2023), p. 561-563
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The proportion of individuals whose cardio-respiratory fitness change after endurance training does not exceed the test's measurement error can be 40 %. We determined if progressively increasing treadmill run intensity compared to maintaining the same run intensity, improved the responder proportion to a 6-week 20-minute treadmill training regimen. The intervention response standard deviation method estimated the proportion of responders attributable to progressively increasing run intensity. The mixed-effects model demonstrated V̇O2 peak improved significantly more in the progressive versus constant run intensity group. The proportion of V̇O2 peak responses above the smallest worthwhile change attributable to progressively increasing run intensity was 63.6 %. © 2023 The Author(s)
Malignant and non-malignant oral lesions classification and diagnosis with deep neural networks
- Liyanage, V.iduni, Tao, Mengqiu, Park, Joon, Wang, Kate, Azimi, Somayyeh
- Authors: Liyanage, V.iduni , Tao, Mengqiu , Park, Joon , Wang, Kate , Azimi, Somayyeh
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 137, no. (2023), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Given the increasing incidence of oral cancer, it is essential to provide high-risk communities, especially in remote regions, with an affordable, user-friendly tool for visual lesion diagnosis. This proof-of-concept study explored the utility and feasibility of a smartphone application that can photograph and diagnose oral lesions. Methods: The images of oral lesions with confirmed diagnoses were sourced from oral and maxillofacial textbooks. In total, 342 images were extracted, encompassing lesions from various regions of the oral cavity such as the gingiva, palate, and labial mucosa. The lesions were segregated into three categories: Class 1 represented non-neoplastic lesions, Class 2 included benign neoplasms, and Class 3 contained premalignant/malignant lesions. The images were analysed using MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetV2 models, with the process producing an accuracy curve, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The EfficientNetV2 model showed a steep increase in validation accuracy early in the iterations, plateauing at a score of 0.71. According to the confusion matrix, this model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions was 64% and 80% respectively. Conversely, the MobileNetV3 model exhibited a more gradual increase, reaching a plateau at a validation accuracy of 0.70. The MobileNetV3 model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions, according to the confusion matrix, was 64% and 82% respectively. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study effectively demonstrated the potential accuracy of AI software in distinguishing malignant lesions. This could play a vital role in remote screenings for populations with limited access to dental practitioners. However, the discrepancies between the classification of images and the results of "non-malignant lesions" calls for further refinement of the models and the classification system used. Clinical significance: The findings of this study indicate that AI software has the potential to aid in the identification or screening of malignant oral lesions. Further improvements are required to enhance accuracy in classifying non-malignant lesions. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Liyanage, V.iduni , Tao, Mengqiu , Park, Joon , Wang, Kate , Azimi, Somayyeh
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 137, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Given the increasing incidence of oral cancer, it is essential to provide high-risk communities, especially in remote regions, with an affordable, user-friendly tool for visual lesion diagnosis. This proof-of-concept study explored the utility and feasibility of a smartphone application that can photograph and diagnose oral lesions. Methods: The images of oral lesions with confirmed diagnoses were sourced from oral and maxillofacial textbooks. In total, 342 images were extracted, encompassing lesions from various regions of the oral cavity such as the gingiva, palate, and labial mucosa. The lesions were segregated into three categories: Class 1 represented non-neoplastic lesions, Class 2 included benign neoplasms, and Class 3 contained premalignant/malignant lesions. The images were analysed using MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetV2 models, with the process producing an accuracy curve, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The EfficientNetV2 model showed a steep increase in validation accuracy early in the iterations, plateauing at a score of 0.71. According to the confusion matrix, this model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions was 64% and 80% respectively. Conversely, the MobileNetV3 model exhibited a more gradual increase, reaching a plateau at a validation accuracy of 0.70. The MobileNetV3 model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions, according to the confusion matrix, was 64% and 82% respectively. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study effectively demonstrated the potential accuracy of AI software in distinguishing malignant lesions. This could play a vital role in remote screenings for populations with limited access to dental practitioners. However, the discrepancies between the classification of images and the results of "non-malignant lesions" calls for further refinement of the models and the classification system used. Clinical significance: The findings of this study indicate that AI software has the potential to aid in the identification or screening of malignant oral lesions. Further improvements are required to enhance accuracy in classifying non-malignant lesions. © 2023 The Author(s)
Matching the model to the available data to predict wheat, barley, or canola yield : a review of recently published models and data
- Clark, Robert, Dahlhaus, Peter, Robinson, Nathan, Larkins, Jo-ann, Morse-McNabb, Elizabeth
- Authors: Clark, Robert , Dahlhaus, Peter , Robinson, Nathan , Larkins, Jo-ann , Morse-McNabb, Elizabeth
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Agricultural Systems Vol. 211, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: CONTEXT: Continued increases in global population and rising living standards in many countries are driving a surge in demand for energy and protein-rich foods. Wheat, barley, and canola are important crops that are grown and traded globally. However, climate change, geopolitical tensions and competition from other crops threaten the ability to satisfy global demand. Accurate predictions of crop production and its spatial variation can play a significant role in their reliable and efficient production, marketing, and distribution. OBJECTIVE: This review examined recently published models and data used to predict wheat, barley, and canola yield to identify which factors produced the best yield predictions. METHODS: A literature search was conducted across the Scopus, EBSCOhost and Web of Science databases over seven years between 2015 and 2021. Data extracted from the papers identified by the literature search were investigated using graphical and quantitative analytical techniques to determine if the type of algorithm, input data, prediction timing, output scale or extent and climate variability both in isolation and in combination affected the model's predictive ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The literature search produced 11, 908 results which was reduced to 118 papers after applying the review criteria (peer reviewed papers focussed on models predicting yield at greater than plot scale across extensive areas using accessible data). China produced almost one third of all yield prediction models over the study period and 87% of models were used to predict wheat yield. Statistical models were the most common algorithm in most regions and in total. However, there was a surge in machine learning models after 2018. They were the most common model from 2019 to 2021, with one third developed in China. The review concluded that only the choice of modelling technique and the input data had a significant effect on model performance with the machine learning techniques Random Forest, Boosting algorithms and Deep Learning models as well as process-based Light Use Efficiency models that used a combination of remotely sensed and agrometeorological data performing best. SIGNIFICANCE: The review showed that matching the model to the available data could improve the ability to predict wheat, barley or canola yield. The use of quantitative statistical techniques in this review, should give modellers trying to predict wheat, barley or canola yield more confidence in matching their approach to the available data than previous reviews that relied on visual interpretation of data. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Clark, Robert , Dahlhaus, Peter , Robinson, Nathan , Larkins, Jo-ann , Morse-McNabb, Elizabeth
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Agricultural Systems Vol. 211, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: CONTEXT: Continued increases in global population and rising living standards in many countries are driving a surge in demand for energy and protein-rich foods. Wheat, barley, and canola are important crops that are grown and traded globally. However, climate change, geopolitical tensions and competition from other crops threaten the ability to satisfy global demand. Accurate predictions of crop production and its spatial variation can play a significant role in their reliable and efficient production, marketing, and distribution. OBJECTIVE: This review examined recently published models and data used to predict wheat, barley, and canola yield to identify which factors produced the best yield predictions. METHODS: A literature search was conducted across the Scopus, EBSCOhost and Web of Science databases over seven years between 2015 and 2021. Data extracted from the papers identified by the literature search were investigated using graphical and quantitative analytical techniques to determine if the type of algorithm, input data, prediction timing, output scale or extent and climate variability both in isolation and in combination affected the model's predictive ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The literature search produced 11, 908 results which was reduced to 118 papers after applying the review criteria (peer reviewed papers focussed on models predicting yield at greater than plot scale across extensive areas using accessible data). China produced almost one third of all yield prediction models over the study period and 87% of models were used to predict wheat yield. Statistical models were the most common algorithm in most regions and in total. However, there was a surge in machine learning models after 2018. They were the most common model from 2019 to 2021, with one third developed in China. The review concluded that only the choice of modelling technique and the input data had a significant effect on model performance with the machine learning techniques Random Forest, Boosting algorithms and Deep Learning models as well as process-based Light Use Efficiency models that used a combination of remotely sensed and agrometeorological data performing best. SIGNIFICANCE: The review showed that matching the model to the available data could improve the ability to predict wheat, barley or canola yield. The use of quantitative statistical techniques in this review, should give modellers trying to predict wheat, barley or canola yield more confidence in matching their approach to the available data than previous reviews that relied on visual interpretation of data. © 2023 The Authors
ADHD symptoms among adolescents : measurement invariance across mother and adolescent self-ratings
- Gomez, Rapson, Houghton, Stephen
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Houghton, Stephen
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 213, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) across mother and adolescent self-ratings of ADHD symptoms [inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY), and impulsivity (IM)] as presented in the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS; Barkley & Murphy, 1998). The ADHD model used for this analysis was the ICD-10 3-factor model, with factors for IA, HY and IM. Findings supported configural invariance. Of the 18 ADHD symptoms, 4 symptoms (three of which were IA symptoms) lacked metric invariance. Nine thresholds (1 IA symptom, 6 HY symptoms, and 2 IM symptoms) lacked scalar invariance, with six being for the first thresholds. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Houghton, Stephen
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 213, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar) across mother and adolescent self-ratings of ADHD symptoms [inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY), and impulsivity (IM)] as presented in the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS; Barkley & Murphy, 1998). The ADHD model used for this analysis was the ICD-10 3-factor model, with factors for IA, HY and IM. Findings supported configural invariance. Of the 18 ADHD symptoms, 4 symptoms (three of which were IA symptoms) lacked metric invariance. Nine thresholds (1 IA symptom, 6 HY symptoms, and 2 IM symptoms) lacked scalar invariance, with six being for the first thresholds. The psychometric and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2023 The Authors
Recycling timber waste into geopolymer cement bonded wood composites
- Gigar, Firesenay, Khennane, Amar, Liow, Jong-leng, Tekle, Biruk, Katoozi, Elmira
- Authors: Gigar, Firesenay , Khennane, Amar , Liow, Jong-leng , Tekle, Biruk , Katoozi, Elmira
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 400, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Addressing critical societal challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, and environmental protection, requires sustainable management of resources. This study reports on the results of an experimental program using waste wood, including chromium copper arsenic (CCA) treated wood, to produce ambiently cured geopolymer cement bonded wood composites (WGC), and the results are very encouraging. The composite exhibited a reasonable compressive strength, which ranged between 7 and 27 MPa inversely corresponding to the amount of wood per binder ratio ranging between 0.1 and 0.4, conferring it the possibility of being used as a building material. The compressive strength of the composite with 40% wood chips showed the lowest compressive strength with values of 9.79, 7.29, and 7.92 MPa for decontaminated, CCA-treated, and non-CCA-treated wood chips, respectively. The results indicated that for all the wood per binder ratios, the use of decontaminated wood chips significantly improves the compressive, flexural, and specific strength of the composites, as well as their ductility, compared to non-decontaminated CCA-treated and non-CCA-treated wood chips. This paves the way for using wood waste in sustainability oriented product development and manufacturing. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Gigar, Firesenay , Khennane, Amar , Liow, Jong-leng , Tekle, Biruk , Katoozi, Elmira
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 400, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Addressing critical societal challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, and environmental protection, requires sustainable management of resources. This study reports on the results of an experimental program using waste wood, including chromium copper arsenic (CCA) treated wood, to produce ambiently cured geopolymer cement bonded wood composites (WGC), and the results are very encouraging. The composite exhibited a reasonable compressive strength, which ranged between 7 and 27 MPa inversely corresponding to the amount of wood per binder ratio ranging between 0.1 and 0.4, conferring it the possibility of being used as a building material. The compressive strength of the composite with 40% wood chips showed the lowest compressive strength with values of 9.79, 7.29, and 7.92 MPa for decontaminated, CCA-treated, and non-CCA-treated wood chips, respectively. The results indicated that for all the wood per binder ratios, the use of decontaminated wood chips significantly improves the compressive, flexural, and specific strength of the composites, as well as their ductility, compared to non-decontaminated CCA-treated and non-CCA-treated wood chips. This paves the way for using wood waste in sustainability oriented product development and manufacturing. © 2023 The Author(s)
Initial state of excavated soil and rock (ESR) to influence the stabilisation with cement
- Lu, Yi, Xu, Changhao, Baghbani, Abolfazl
- Authors: Lu, Yi , Xu, Changhao , Baghbani, Abolfazl
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 400, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper investigates the initial state of excavated soil and rock (ESR). These initial states include dry density, organic content, water content (Wc), cement content (Cc), liquid index (LI), dry or wet mixing method. Three ESRs collected from tunnelling projects and kaolin were used in this study to compare. The specimens (i.e., 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height) were prepared in the laboratory and cured at 7 and 14 days, and then assessed by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. The analysis shows that the ratio of Wc/Cc is the primary factor to obtain different UCS for high LI ESR and a simple equation is proposed for quick prediction. For ESR with a more general LI, predictive equations are also proposed in terms of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) for 7-days curing time. The results indicate that the both ANN models with Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm outperform ANN with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and GP model are accurate to predict UCS of mixtures. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Lu, Yi , Xu, Changhao , Baghbani, Abolfazl
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 400, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper investigates the initial state of excavated soil and rock (ESR). These initial states include dry density, organic content, water content (Wc), cement content (Cc), liquid index (LI), dry or wet mixing method. Three ESRs collected from tunnelling projects and kaolin were used in this study to compare. The specimens (i.e., 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height) were prepared in the laboratory and cured at 7 and 14 days, and then assessed by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. The analysis shows that the ratio of Wc/Cc is the primary factor to obtain different UCS for high LI ESR and a simple equation is proposed for quick prediction. For ESR with a more general LI, predictive equations are also proposed in terms of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) for 7-days curing time. The results indicate that the both ANN models with Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm outperform ANN with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and GP model are accurate to predict UCS of mixtures. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Using simulations to teach young students science concepts : an experiential learning theoretical analysis
- Authors: Falloon, Garry
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers and Education Vol. 135, no. (2019), p. 138-159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Early research investigated young students' understandings of science concepts using physical equipment, but technological advances now mean there are new options to introduce these ideas, through devices such as iPads and simulations. However, research investigating the use of simulations in early years' science learning is limited. This study applied revisions of Kolb's Experiential Learning theoretical model to determine if age-indicated science simulations were effective for teaching 5 year olds simple circuit building procedures and electricity concepts, and the function of circuit components. It also explored whether their engagement with the simulations provided worthwhile opportunities to exercise higher order capabilities such as reflective thinking and abstraction – skills oftencited in literature as valuable outcomes from older student and adult use of simulations. Findings indicate students developed a solid base of procedural knowledge about constructing different circuits, and functional knowledge about circuit components they applied to different circuit designs. The emergence of tentative, generalised theories about current and the effects of different circuit designs on the performance of resistors - linked to the exercise of reflective and descriptive thinking, were also noted in many students. However, examples were found of some simulations appearing to foster common misconceptions, such as current being ‘consumed’ by resistors – indicating teachers need to be highly vigilant and work closely with students, to ensure accurate understandings are developed. Overall, with appropriate teacher support and careful selection and review, the study concludes simulations can be effective for introducing young students to simple physical science concepts, and for providing them with opportunities to engage in higher order thinking processes. © 2019 The Author
- Authors: Falloon, Garry
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers and Education Vol. 135, no. (2019), p. 138-159
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Early research investigated young students' understandings of science concepts using physical equipment, but technological advances now mean there are new options to introduce these ideas, through devices such as iPads and simulations. However, research investigating the use of simulations in early years' science learning is limited. This study applied revisions of Kolb's Experiential Learning theoretical model to determine if age-indicated science simulations were effective for teaching 5 year olds simple circuit building procedures and electricity concepts, and the function of circuit components. It also explored whether their engagement with the simulations provided worthwhile opportunities to exercise higher order capabilities such as reflective thinking and abstraction – skills oftencited in literature as valuable outcomes from older student and adult use of simulations. Findings indicate students developed a solid base of procedural knowledge about constructing different circuits, and functional knowledge about circuit components they applied to different circuit designs. The emergence of tentative, generalised theories about current and the effects of different circuit designs on the performance of resistors - linked to the exercise of reflective and descriptive thinking, were also noted in many students. However, examples were found of some simulations appearing to foster common misconceptions, such as current being ‘consumed’ by resistors – indicating teachers need to be highly vigilant and work closely with students, to ensure accurate understandings are developed. Overall, with appropriate teacher support and careful selection and review, the study concludes simulations can be effective for introducing young students to simple physical science concepts, and for providing them with opportunities to engage in higher order thinking processes. © 2019 The Author
When in doubt, it's not out : match format is associated with differences in elite-level cricket umpires’ leg-before-wicket decisions
- Adie, Joshua, Renshaw, Ian, Polman, Remco, Thompson, Matthew, Mann, David
- Authors: Adie, Joshua , Renshaw, Ian , Polman, Remco , Thompson, Matthew , Mann, David
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychology of Sport and Exercise Vol. 51, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Contextual factors can influence the way sports officials apply unambiguous rules. The aim of this study was to better understand the leg-before-wicket (LBW) decision-making behaviour of elite cricket umpires and determine whether their behaviour changes according to the format of the game in which they are adjudicating. Methods: LBW decisions (n = 5578) from actual elite level cricket matches in Australia between 2009 and 2016 were analysed using a signal detection paradigm. Umpire sensitivity (A) and response bias (B) were compared to chance performance in three formats of the game: Four-day, One-day, and T20. Mixed effects models assessed sensitivity and response bias differences between match types. Results: Umpires were able to differentiate between “out” and “not out” appeals to a high standard but were conservative and had a bias to respond “not out” in all formats of the game. Umpires were less accurate in the shorter formats of the game, particularly T20 cricket and were also significantly more conservative in T20 compared to Four-day Matches. Conclusions: Cricket umpires are conservative and are highly accurate LBW decision makers. However, differences in their judgments were associated with different match formats. The unique task goals and contextual pressures afforded by the shorter formats of the game, particularly T20, may account for the observed performance differences we see here. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Adie, Joshua , Renshaw, Ian , Polman, Remco , Thompson, Matthew , Mann, David
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychology of Sport and Exercise Vol. 51, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Contextual factors can influence the way sports officials apply unambiguous rules. The aim of this study was to better understand the leg-before-wicket (LBW) decision-making behaviour of elite cricket umpires and determine whether their behaviour changes according to the format of the game in which they are adjudicating. Methods: LBW decisions (n = 5578) from actual elite level cricket matches in Australia between 2009 and 2016 were analysed using a signal detection paradigm. Umpire sensitivity (A) and response bias (B) were compared to chance performance in three formats of the game: Four-day, One-day, and T20. Mixed effects models assessed sensitivity and response bias differences between match types. Results: Umpires were able to differentiate between “out” and “not out” appeals to a high standard but were conservative and had a bias to respond “not out” in all formats of the game. Umpires were less accurate in the shorter formats of the game, particularly T20 cricket and were also significantly more conservative in T20 compared to Four-day Matches. Conclusions: Cricket umpires are conservative and are highly accurate LBW decision makers. However, differences in their judgments were associated with different match formats. The unique task goals and contextual pressures afforded by the shorter formats of the game, particularly T20, may account for the observed performance differences we see here. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Options for net zero emissions hydrogen from Victorian lignite. Part 1 : Gaseous and liquefied hydrogen
- Kibria, M., McManus, David, Bhattacharya, Sankar
- Authors: Kibria, M. , McManus, David , Bhattacharya, Sankar
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 48, no. 78 (2023), p. 30339-30353
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This two-part paper investigates the feasibility of producing export quantities (770 t/d) of blue hydrogen meeting international standards, by gasification of Victorian lignite plus carbon capture and storage (CCS). The study involves a detailed Aspen Plus simulation analysis of the entire production process, taking into account fugitive methane emissions during lignite mining. Part 1 focusses on the resources, energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions associated with production of gaseous and liquefied hydrogen, while Part 2 focusses on production of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. In this study, the proposed process comprises lignite mining, lignite drying and milling, air separation unit (ASU), dry-feed entrained flow gasification, gas cooling and cleaning, sour water-gas shift reaction, acid gas removal, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for hydrogen purification, elemental sulphur recovery, CO2 compression for transport and injection, hydrogen liquefaction, steam and gas turbines to generate all process power, plus an optional post-combustion CO2 capture step. High grade waste heat is utilised for process heat and power generation. Three alternative process scenarios are investigated as options to reduce resource utilisation and greenhouse gas emissions: replacing the gas turbine with renewable energy from off-site wind turbines, and co-gasification of lignite with either biomass or biochar. In each case, the specific net greenhouse gas intensity is estimated and compared to the EU Taxonomy specification for sustainable hydrogen. This is the first time that a coal-to-hydrogen study has quantified the greenhouse gas emissions across the entire production chain, including upstream fugitive methane emissions. It is found that both gaseous and liquefied hydrogen can be produced from Victorian lignite, along with all necessary electricity, with specific emissions intensity (SEI) of 2.70 kg CO2-e/kg H2 and 2.73 kg CO2-e/kg H2, respectively. These values conform to the EU Taxonomy limit of 3.0 kg CO2-e/kg H2. This result is achieved using a Selexol™ plant for CO2 capture, operating at 89.5%–91.7% overall capture efficiency. Importantly, the very low fugitive methane emissions associated with Victorian lignite mining is crucial to the low SEI of the process, making this is a critical advantage over the alternative natural gas or black coal processes. This study shows that there are technical options available to further reduce the SEI to meet tightening emissions targets. An additional post-combustion MDEA CO2 capture unit can be added to increase the capture efficiency to 99.0%–99.2% and reduce the SEI to 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg H2. Emissions intensity can be further reduced by utilising renewable energy rather than co-production of electricity on site. Net zero emissions can then be achieved by co-gasification with
- Authors: Kibria, M. , McManus, David , Bhattacharya, Sankar
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 48, no. 78 (2023), p. 30339-30353
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This two-part paper investigates the feasibility of producing export quantities (770 t/d) of blue hydrogen meeting international standards, by gasification of Victorian lignite plus carbon capture and storage (CCS). The study involves a detailed Aspen Plus simulation analysis of the entire production process, taking into account fugitive methane emissions during lignite mining. Part 1 focusses on the resources, energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions associated with production of gaseous and liquefied hydrogen, while Part 2 focusses on production of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. In this study, the proposed process comprises lignite mining, lignite drying and milling, air separation unit (ASU), dry-feed entrained flow gasification, gas cooling and cleaning, sour water-gas shift reaction, acid gas removal, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for hydrogen purification, elemental sulphur recovery, CO2 compression for transport and injection, hydrogen liquefaction, steam and gas turbines to generate all process power, plus an optional post-combustion CO2 capture step. High grade waste heat is utilised for process heat and power generation. Three alternative process scenarios are investigated as options to reduce resource utilisation and greenhouse gas emissions: replacing the gas turbine with renewable energy from off-site wind turbines, and co-gasification of lignite with either biomass or biochar. In each case, the specific net greenhouse gas intensity is estimated and compared to the EU Taxonomy specification for sustainable hydrogen. This is the first time that a coal-to-hydrogen study has quantified the greenhouse gas emissions across the entire production chain, including upstream fugitive methane emissions. It is found that both gaseous and liquefied hydrogen can be produced from Victorian lignite, along with all necessary electricity, with specific emissions intensity (SEI) of 2.70 kg CO2-e/kg H2 and 2.73 kg CO2-e/kg H2, respectively. These values conform to the EU Taxonomy limit of 3.0 kg CO2-e/kg H2. This result is achieved using a Selexol™ plant for CO2 capture, operating at 89.5%–91.7% overall capture efficiency. Importantly, the very low fugitive methane emissions associated with Victorian lignite mining is crucial to the low SEI of the process, making this is a critical advantage over the alternative natural gas or black coal processes. This study shows that there are technical options available to further reduce the SEI to meet tightening emissions targets. An additional post-combustion MDEA CO2 capture unit can be added to increase the capture efficiency to 99.0%–99.2% and reduce the SEI to 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg H2. Emissions intensity can be further reduced by utilising renewable energy rather than co-production of electricity on site. Net zero emissions can then be achieved by co-gasification with
Gambling-related suicide in Victoria, Australia : a population-based cross-sectional study
- Rintoul, Angela, Dwyer, Jeremy, Millar, Ciara, Bugeja, Lyndal, Nguyen, Huy
- Authors: Rintoul, Angela , Dwyer, Jeremy , Millar, Ciara , Bugeja, Lyndal , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific Vol. 41, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Gambling is associated with serious harms to health, including suicide. Yet public health systems for recording the role of gambling in suicide deaths are relatively underdeveloped. This study contributes to the understanding of this relationship. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of suicides reported to the Coroners Court of Victoria between 2009 and 2016 was performed to identify the incidence and characteristics of gambling-related suicides (GRS). Findings: From 2009 to 2016 there were 4788 suicide deaths in Victoria. Of these, 184 were identified as direct GRS and a further 17 were GRS by ‘affected others’. Together, these GRS comprise 4.2% of all suicides in Victoria over this eight-year period. Direct GRS account for an annual average rate of 5.13 GRS per million Victorian adults. GRS were significantly more likely to be male (n = 153, 83%), than the Victorian population of total suicide deaths and significantly more likely to occur among those most disadvantaged. Family members and friends were more likely than clinicians to know about the deceased gambling. Interpretation: Given that gambling is not routinely investigated by coroners and may be hidden from family, friends, and health professionals, this is an underestimate of the true scale of the GRS in Victoria. A range of measures should be introduced to prevent, screen, support, and treat gambling harm. Family members and friends should also be provided with help services. Preventing gambling-related harm through public health measures could significantly reduce suicidality and suicide, both in Australia and globally. Funding: Federation University Australia, Coroners Court of Victoria, Suicide Prevention Australia. © 2023 The Authors
- Authors: Rintoul, Angela , Dwyer, Jeremy , Millar, Ciara , Bugeja, Lyndal , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific Vol. 41, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Gambling is associated with serious harms to health, including suicide. Yet public health systems for recording the role of gambling in suicide deaths are relatively underdeveloped. This study contributes to the understanding of this relationship. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of suicides reported to the Coroners Court of Victoria between 2009 and 2016 was performed to identify the incidence and characteristics of gambling-related suicides (GRS). Findings: From 2009 to 2016 there were 4788 suicide deaths in Victoria. Of these, 184 were identified as direct GRS and a further 17 were GRS by ‘affected others’. Together, these GRS comprise 4.2% of all suicides in Victoria over this eight-year period. Direct GRS account for an annual average rate of 5.13 GRS per million Victorian adults. GRS were significantly more likely to be male (n = 153, 83%), than the Victorian population of total suicide deaths and significantly more likely to occur among those most disadvantaged. Family members and friends were more likely than clinicians to know about the deceased gambling. Interpretation: Given that gambling is not routinely investigated by coroners and may be hidden from family, friends, and health professionals, this is an underestimate of the true scale of the GRS in Victoria. A range of measures should be introduced to prevent, screen, support, and treat gambling harm. Family members and friends should also be provided with help services. Preventing gambling-related harm through public health measures could significantly reduce suicidality and suicide, both in Australia and globally. Funding: Federation University Australia, Coroners Court of Victoria, Suicide Prevention Australia. © 2023 The Authors