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The applicability of networks in Australian adult and vocational learning research

  • Authors: Golding, Barry
  • Date: 2004
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Paper presented at Learns and Practitioners: The Heart of the Matter, Canberra : 17th March, 2004
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  • Description: Networks have increasingly been recognised by educators as important in adult and vocational learning contexts, in that they have the capacity to help potential learners engage and become better connected with a wide range of learning organisations through their families, jobs and communities and also with opportunities for future learning and work. The importance of ‘being connected’, including through networks to and between learning organisations, has come into higher relief with a recent increase in theorising about aspects of social capital including learning networks, the growth of lifelong learning and an identification of the particular penalties associated with several forms of disengagement from learning for people of all ages. This paper begins with a scan of research literature on networks in adult and vocational learning. The paper identifies some new techniques involving networks, found by experience to assist in the process of adult and vocational learning research: particularly for identifying potential research interviewees within learning organisations and communities, strengthening relationships between learning organisations and identifying opportunities for future collaboration. It also provides some insights from new data on organisational networks derived from a number of recent research studies about learning networks in TAFE, adult and community education and public safety organisations in small and remote towns. The paper finally provides a number of tentative, general findings about the broader applicability of network theory to research and theories about learning in such contexts.
  • Description: E1
  • Description: 2003000774

Decision making processes within educated intercultural marriages in Australia

  • Authors: Alnaimi, Suleiman
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: In recent years, the world–wide phenomena of globalization and increasingly flexible social norms have contributed to an increase in intercultural relationships, particularly in multicultural societies. Intercultural relationships have a higher risk of failure and lower marital satisfaction than same-culture marriages. The negotiation of important family decisions are known to lead to marital conflict, however few studies have examined how successful, intercultural couples make important decisions and maintain marital satisfaction. Six intercultural couples who met the criteria were recruited and interviewed (ie.12 individuals).Couples were interviewed longitudinally on how they make important family decisions. The educational levels of participants ranged from college degree to PhD degree. The participants represented diverse cultural backgrounds. The various racial and/or ethnic identifications of the intercultural married couples in this study represented the diversity of the racial and/or ethnic mixes in intercultural marriages within the general population. Prior to completing the conjoint, face to face interviews, each couple completed the Schwartz Value Survey to elicit their individual values. Values are known to motivate and underpin decisions and vary from culture to culture. Interviews revealed that, although cultural differences were clearly evident, these differences did not prevent effective decision making amongst intercultural couples. Instead, couples were successfully turning cultural differences into minor issues or even opportunities. Couples often managed three cultures within the nuclear family as all couples had children being raised in Australia. Couples reported that keys to marital success included developing common values, working towards agreed goals and awareness of their spouse’s culture, support and open communication. Intercultural couples interviewed displayed positive attitudes of commitment to their marriage, each other and family. Couples focused on what was best for the family when making decisions. They held firm beliefs that they were not that different from their partner, despite cultural differences. Themes to emerge from qualitative analysis of the interviews as factors underpinning successful inter-cultural marriages across the participants include shared faith, similar values and the creation of a third culture within an emerging global culture. Cultural differences were not found to be a significant factor when major family decisions were made. This thesis is the first to examine decision making among successful intercultural couples. Qualitative study has investigated couple decision-making from the same cultural background. This current study generates new insights on intercultural couple’s decision making processes, and provides unique perspectives on how successful, well-adjusted and highly educated intercultural couples negotiate important family decisions. The findings of this study have the potential to add to the limited knowledge available on intercultural marriage and cross-cultural adjustment and has implications for counsellors and marriage / family therapists working with cross-cultural couples.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Boundary crossers : how providers facilitate ethnic minority families' access to dementia services

  • Authors: Brijnath, Bianca , Gilbert, Andrew , Antoniades, Josefine , Croy, Samantha , Kent, Mike , Ellis, Katie , Browning, Colette , Goeman, Dianne , Adams, Jon
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Vol. 77, no. 2 (2022), p. 396-406
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  • Description: Objectives: Providers who work closely with ethnic minority people with dementia and their families are pivotal in helping them access services. However, few studies have examined how these providers actually do this work. Using the concept of "boundary crossers,"this article investigates the strategies applied by these providers to facilitate access to dementia services for ethnic minority people with dementia and their families. Methods: Between 2017 and 2020, in-depth video-recorded interviews were conducted with 27 health, aged care, and community service providers working with ethnic minority people living with dementia across Australia. Interviews were conducted in one of seven languages and/or in English, then translated and transcribed verbatim into English. The data were analyzed thematically. Results: Family and community stigma associated with dementia and extra-familial care were significant barriers to families engaging with services. To overcome these barriers, participants worked at the boundaries of culture and dementia, community and systems, strategically using English and other vernaculars, clinical and cultural terminology, building trust and rapport, and assisting with service navigation to improve access. Concurrently, they were cognizant of familial boundaries and were careful to provide services that were culturally appropriate without supplanting the families' role. Discussion: In negotiating cultural, social, and professional boundaries, providers undertake multidimensional and complex work that involves education, advocacy, negotiation, navigation, creativity, and emotional engagement. This work is largely undervalued but offers a model of care that facilitates social and community development as well as service integration across health, aged care, and social services. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.

International connections in actor training in Australia : Tracing Stanislayski's system and Brechtian politics

  • Authors: Tait, Peta , Beddie, Melanie
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Stanislavski Studies Vol. 7, no. 2 (2019), p. 159-175
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  • Description: This article traces the approaches to actor training offered in Australia based on the training backgrounds of influential teachers. The research for this article finds international connections that reveal strong links to approaches originating with Konstantin Stanislayski and Bertolt Brecht. It seeks to understand with whom a teacher studied to explain what was probably learnt and therefore the type of training knowledge that the teacher is likely to pass on to students. The research confirms that international approaches are fundamental to performance training in tertiary conservatorium courses, and the profiles of nine teachers are presented in detail to encapsulate patterns of training and to show the complex nexus of influences and international approaches. The profiles indicate an increasing influence of American approaches in the second half of the twentieth century alongside British ones, but that British influences remain important for European approaches and for political theatre in particular into the twenty-first century. We argue that even where there was a synthesis happening in the teaching of performance in Australia, the influences of major international approaches are identifiable through the training backgrounds of teachers. In this way, it is possible to locate teachers in Australia within actor training internationally.

The association between social support and medication adherence in patients with hypertension : a systematic review

  • Authors: Shahin, Wejdan , Kennedy, Gerard , Stupans, Ieva
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Pharmacy Practice Vol. 19, no. 2 (2021), p.
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  • Description: Background: Medication adherence is a primary determinant of treatment success in hypertensive patients. One of the challenges for healthcare providers that has received little attention is the impact of patients’ social supports on medication adherence. Objective: This review evaluates the impact of patients’ social supports on medication adherence in hypertensive patients. Methods: A systematic review methodology was used. Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched systematically for relevant articles. The outcome measure in the studies was medication adherence in hypertension. Results: From 1155 articles, 238 were retained for further assessment, and finally, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Statistically significant positive associations between medication adherence and social support were found in nine studies (p<0.05). Conclusions: This review evaluated the impact of social support on medication adherence and highlighted gaps in the literature regarding the impact of social support on adherence. Family members or peer support may promote better adherence in some patient groups. This review suggests that healthcare providers may need to consider whether patients have appropriate social supports in place which will assist them adhering to and benefiting from treatment recommendations. © the Authors.

The business case for a free trade agreement between the European Union and Australia

  • Authors: Suder, Gabriele
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of International Affairs Vol. 72, no. 3 (2018), p. 272-286
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  • Description: The free trade agreement (FTA) between Australia and the European Union holds the promise of strengthened political collaboration and increasing economic integration. Both Australia and the European Union note increasing bilateral trade and investment. Oftentimes, data does not take current trends in global-value-chain participation for intermediary goods and services movements into account. Behind this sit the cross-border strategies and activities of business entities, whether multinationals or large, small or medium-sized enterprises. This article provides an in-depth investigation of the premise stemming from an FTA for Australian business. What advantages can politics hope to support through a business perspective? What is the global-value-chain part of the story, and what are the business challenges ahead? How can economic policy help shape this FTA to foster a productive bilateral business environment in a geopolitical and geoeconomic context in which regionalisation has taken on new momentum? Specific focus is given to the analysis of the higher education sector and to agriculture. These are two of the leading sectors in this FTA debate. Generating business value means setting negotiation agendas to target tariff and non-tariff barriers to counterbalance ambiguity in the conditions that shape the global business environment. © 2018 Australian Institute of International Affairs.

Generating population estimates for migratory shorebird species in the world’s largest flyway

  • Authors: Hansen, Birgita , Rogers, Danny , Watkins, Doug , Weller, Dan , Clemens, Robert , Newman, Mike , Woehler, Eric , Mundkur, Taej , Fuller, Richard
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Ibis Vol. 164, no. 3 (2022), p. 735-749
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  • Description: Population estimates are widely used to underpin conservation decisions. However, determining accurate population estimates for migratory species is especially challenging, as they are often widespread and it is rarely possible to survey them throughout their full distribution. In the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF), this problem is compounded by its size (85 million square kilometres) and the number of migratory species it supports (nearly 500). Here, we provide analytical approaches for addressing this problem, presenting a revision of the EAAF population estimates for 37 migratory shorebird species protected under Australian national environmental legislation. Population estimates were generated by (1) summarizing existing count data in the non-breeding range, (2) spatially extrapolating across uncounted areas, and (3) modelling abundance on the basis of estimates of breeding range and density. Expert review was used to adjust modelled estimates, particularly in under-counted areas. There were many gaps in shorebird monitoring data, necessitating substantial use of extrapolation and expert review, the extent of which varied among species. Spatial extrapolation to under-counted areas often produced estimates that were much higher than the observed data, and expert review was used to cross-check and adjust these where necessary. Estimates of population size obtained through analyses of breeding ranges and density indicated that 18 species were poorly represented by counts in the non-breeding season. It was difficult to determine independently the robustness of these estimates, but these breeding ground estimates were considered the best available data for 10 species that mostly use poorly surveyed freshwater or pelagic habitats in the non-breeding season. We discuss the rationale and limitations of these approaches to population estimation, and how they could be modified for other applications. Data available for population estimates will vary in quality and extent among species, regions and migration stage, and approaches need to be flexible enough to provide useful information for conservation policy and planning. © 2021 British Ornithologists' Union.

Factors affecting the organisational adoption of blockchain technology in australia : a mixed-methods approach

  • Authors: Malik, Muhammad Saleem
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: Blockchain (BCT) is an emerging technology that promises many benefits for organisations, such as disintermediation, data security, data transparency, a single version of the truth, and trust among trading partners. Despite its multiple benefits, the adoption rate of BCT among organisations has not reached a significantly high level worldwide. The present thesis addresses this issue in the Australian context. There is a knowledge gap in what specific factors, among the plethora of factors reported in the extant scholarly and commercial literature, affect Australian organisations while deciding to adopt BCT. To fill this gap, this thesis uses a mixed-methods approach known as sequential exploratory mixed methods. In this approach, the research starts with a qualitative phase as an initial phase followed by a quantitative phase. During the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews of the BCT experts and decision-makers working with the ifferent Australian organisations that adopted or were in the process of adopting BCT. The Technology, Organisation, Environment (TOE) framework, based on the qualitative interpretative approach, was used as a theoretical lens during the qualitative phase. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique with the SQR NVivo software. The analysis shows that the different factors, belonging to the technological, organisational, and environmental contexts, affect the organisational decision to adopt BCT in Australia. The technological factors include perceived benefits, perceived computability, perceived complexity, perceived disintermediation, and perceived information transparency; organisational factors are organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support; environmental factors consist of government support, standards uncertainty, competition intensity, and trading partners readiness. The qualitative analysis also shows the direct and moderating effect of the perceived risks between the relationship of the identified factors and organisational adoption of BCT. Based on the findings of the qualitative phase, the thesis develops a theoretical conceptual model, which shows the relationship between the factors and the organisational adoption of BCT. To increase the external validity of the developed conceptual model, the thesis started a quantitative phase with the administration of an online survey for data collection. Certain criteria were set to screen out the irrelevant participants in the survey. During this phase, hypotheses were proposed for the relationship of the factors identified in the qualitative phase and the organisational adoption of BCT. The survey data was analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique with the SmartPLS 3 software. The quantitative analysis confirms the findings of the qualitative phase that the perceived benefits, perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, top management support, competitive intensity, government support, and trading partner readiness have a positive effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Whereas the perceived complexity, standards uncertainty, and perceived risks have a negative effect. The analysis also shows that the moderating effects of perceived risks are significant in the relationship of perceived compatibility, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisation innovativeness, competition intensity, and organisational adoption of BCT. Contrary to the qualitative findings, ‘perceived risks’ has no moderating effects on the relationship of perceived benefits, organisational learning capability, top management support, government support, trading partner readiness, and the adoption of BCT. The thesis has both theoretical and practical contributions, which are useful both for theory development and decision-making for the adoption of BCT in Australia. Theoretically, this thesis contributes to the existing IT adoption literature in several ways. Firstly, the thesis provides empirical evidence about the factors affecting organisational adoption of BCT in Australia. This is the first in-depth sequential exploratory mixed methods research that bridges this knowledge gap in the extant literature. The identification of such factors is important, particularly for the Australian government and organisations interested in the value creation of BCT. Second, the thesis reports the effect of new factors, namely, perceived information transparency, perceived disintermediation, organisational innovativeness, organisational learning capability, standards uncertainty, trading partner readiness, and competition intensity on BCT adoption that are exclusively identified in this research. Third, this thesis confirms the findings of the past studies that the factors of perceived benefits and perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and top management support have an effect on the organisational adoption of BCT. Fourth, according to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that has used the qualitative interpretive research approach to investigate the organisational adoption of BCT. Therefore, the thesis confirms the suitability of the qualitative interpretive research approach for BCT adoption. Lastly, most of the researchers have used the TOE framework in either in qualitative or quantitative research. This thesis proves its validity in mixed methods research as well. The thesis's practical contributions are discussed in chapter 7.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

The pharmacy community apgar questionnaire : a modified Delphi technique to develop a rural pharmacist recruitment and retention tool

  • Authors: Terry, Daniel , Peck, Blake , Hills, Danny , Bishop, Jaclyn , Kirschbaum, Mark , Obamiro, Kehinde , Phan, Hoang , Baker, Ed , Schmitz, David
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Rural and remote health Vol. 22, no. 4 (2022), p. 7347
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  • Description: INTRODUCTION: An adequate healthcare workforce remains essential for the health of rural communities. Strategies to address rural health workforce challenges have often centred on the medical and nursing workforce; however, addressing the rural pharmacist workforce also remains critical as they are often the first point of contact for health advice. Initiatives have increased pharmacist supply; however, key issues such as poor attraction, recruitment, and retention to rural areas remain. The aim of this study was to support the recruitment and retention of pharmacists in rural areas of Australia through the development of the Pharmacy Community Apgar Questionnaire (PharmCAQ). METHODS: A modified Delphi technique was employed to develop the PharmCAQ. A panel of experts were purposively selected. Eight representatives were from organisations with rural experience relevant to the study including the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, the Pharmacy Board of Australia, and a representative of a government health agency, who also leads a hospital pharmacy. Three additional participants included local and international academics with health policy and rural health workforce expertise. All participants participated in three separate focus groups of 45-60 minutes duration, where the review and refinement of factors that drive recruitment and retention of pharmacist were discussed. Face and content validity was achieved through the representatives, while internal consistency was achieved when the tool was piloted among 10 rural pharmacists in rural Victoria. RESULTS: Fifty key factors that impact the recruitment and retention of pharmacists were identified, developed and succinctly described. All factors were grouped into five classifications: (1) geographic, (2) economic and resources, (3) practice and scope of practice, (4) practice environment and (5) community practice support. After final consensus, the factors and their definitions formed the final questionnaire. Lastly, the reliability of PharmCAQ was determined, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.852. CONCLUSION: While the development and use of the Apgar questionnaire for the recruitment and retention of health professionals is not a novel idea, seeking to specifically focus on pharmacists is unique. However, 10 factors were similar to factors associated with rural recruitment and retention of both physicians and nurses; they encompassed geographic, community support, and economic and resource factors. Regardless of similarities or differences between health professions in terms of recruitment and retention, as a mechanism for addressing the worsening health professional shortage currently experienced in rural areas, the PharmCAQ was developed to support the recruitment and retention of the pharmacist workforce in rural areas.

Statistical calibration of long-term reanalysis data for australian fire weather conditions

  • Authors: Biswas, Soubhik , Chand, Savin , Dowdy, Andrew , Wright, Wendy , Foale, Cameron , Zhao, Xiaohui , Deo, A
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 61, no. 6 (2022), p. 729-758
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  • Description: Reconstructed weather datasets, such as reanalyses based on model output with data assimilation, often show systematic biases in magnitude when compared with observations. Postprocessing approaches can help adjust the distribution so that the reconstructed data resemble the observed data as closely as possible. In this study, we have compared various statistical bias-correction approaches based on quantile–quantile matching to correct the data from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, version 2c (20CRv2c), with observation-based data. Methods included in the comparison utilize a suite of different approaches: a linear model, a median-based approach, a nonparametric linear method, a spline-based method, and approaches that are based on the lognormal and Weibull distributions. These methods were applied to daily data in the Australian region for rainfall, maximum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. Note that these are the variables required to compute the forest fire danger index (FFDI), widely used in Australia to examine dangerous fire weather conditions. We have compared the relative errors and performances of each method across various locations in Australia and applied the approach with the lowest mean-absolute error across multiple variables to produce a reliable long-term biascorrected FFDI dataset across Australia. The spline-based data correction was found to have some benefits relative to the other methods in better representing the mean FFDI values and the extremes from the observed records for many of the cases examined here. It is intended that this statistical bias-correction approach applied to long-term reanalysis data will help enable new insight on climatological variations in hazardous phenomena, including dangerous wildfires in Australia extending over the past century. © 2022 American Meteorological Society.

Participation and dropout of Hockey New South Wales participants in 2017 and 2018: a longitudinal study

  • Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
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  • Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.

Value of Victorian Aboriginal clan names for toponymic research

  • Authors: Clark, Ian
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: The Globe Vol. 57, no. (2005), p. 13-16
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  • Description: This paper discusses the value of clan name research as a means of uncovering Aboriginal place names. It argues that clan names are able to provide a layer of place names that in some instances is the only source of information available to researchers of indigenous toponymy. They are an important data set that is useful in the mapping of Aboriginal spatial organization.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001174

Sleeping with strangers : Hospitality in colonial Victoria

  • Authors: Clark, Ian
  • Date: 2006
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of hospitality and tourism management Vol. 13, no. 1 (2006), p. 1-9
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  • Description: The purpose of this article is to describe and document the nascent state of hospitality in colonial Victoria from the 1830s until the gold rushes of 1850s. The primary source of such an account is the personal journal of a public servant, George Augustus Robinson, the Chief Protector of the Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate Department, perhaps the European with the most experience of travelling throughout the Port Phillip District. Accounts from other contemporary sources are used to complement Robinson's observations.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001793

The ebb and flow of tourism at Lal Lal Falls, Victoria : A tourism history of a sacred Aboriginal site

  • Authors: Clark, Ian
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Aboriginal Studies Vol. 2002, no. 2 (2002), p. 45-53
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  • Description: The Lal Lal Falls, situated within the traditional country of the Wathawurrung people, is one of Victoria's most significant Indigenous cultural sites, as it is one of several recorded living sites of Bundjil--the Kulin peoples' creator spirit. Lal Lal Falls, near Ballarat in Western Victoria, became a tourism attraction for non-Indigenous Australians for its natural and cultural values.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000228

"All that appears possible now is to mitigate as much as possible the trials of their closing years"

  • Authors: Cahir, David (Fred) , Tout, Dan
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Politics and History Vol. 64, no. 2 (2018), p. 177-193
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  • Description: This article examines Alfred Deakin’s attitudes towards, and impacts upon, Aboriginal people during the period 1880-1910, drawing on newspaper articles and parliamentary debates as principal source materials. The discussion begins by charting the long, influential and often positive relationships Deakin had with several Aboriginal communities during a period as a Victorian MLA between 1881 and 1884. It then proceeds to document Deakin’s extraordinary descent into paternalism and racially-based fatalism which pervaded his later association with Aboriginal affairs whilst Victoria’s Chief Secretary (1886–1890), Victorian MLA for Essendon and delegate to Federal conventions (1890-1900), as the Federation debates took shape. And finally, the article outlines the attitudes Deakin expressed towards Aboriginal people in his various post-Federation political roles, including Attorney-General, Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs. In doing so, the discussion draws out the connections between Deakin’s advocacy of a white Australia and his attitudes towards Aboriginal Australia, and demonstrates the extent to which the creation of a new nation both informed and responded to socio-racial ideologies that mandated the exclusion of non-white identities from the nation-to-come

The mystery of the Moranghurk sculptures

  • Authors: Cahir, David (Fred)
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Goldfields and the gothic : A hidden heritage & folklore p. 143-150
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  • Description: Since the earliest colonial days in Australia there have been a large number of reports of what have variously been described as stone carving, rock sculptures, earthen sculptures and rock engravings by Aboriginal people. The most prominent of these has been on the wooden sculptures emanating from northern Australia. Few anthropologists have minutely reported on what McCarthy described as examples of Aboriginal 'plastic art'. Aboriginal sculptures 'crudely fashioned' from beeswax, some of them 'made to represent human figures' but more generally 'modelled' to represent 'kangaroos, turtles, goannas, crocodiles and birds'. One of the most widely reported earthen carvings in what is now known as Victoria was described as the Challicum Bunyip. This was reputed to be an outline of a creature known as a bunyip, which was gouged into the ground. Other accounts of life-sized Aboriginal sculpture in Victoria are not numerous but certainly extant.

A new perspective on Late Eocene and Oligocene vegetation and paleoclimates of South-eastern Australia

  • Authors: Sluiter, Ian , Holdgate, Guy , Reichgelt, Tammo , Greenwood, David , Kershaw, A. P. , Schultz, Nick
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 596, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: We present a composite terrestrial pollen record of latest Eocene through Oligocene (35.5–23 Ma) vegetation and climate change from the Gippsland Basin of south-eastern Australia. Climates were overwhelmingly mesothermic through this time period, with mean annual temperature (MAT) varying between 13 and 18 °C, with an average of 16 °C. We provide evidence to support a cooling trend through the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT), but also identify three subsequent warming cycles through the Oligocene, leading to more seasonal climates at the termination of the Epoch. One of the warming episodes in the Early Oligocene appears to have also occurred at two other southern hemisphere sites at the Drake Passage as well as off eastern Tasmania, based on recent research. Similarities with sea surface temperature records from modern high southern latitudes which also record similar cycles of warming and cooling, are presented and discussed. Annual precipitation varied between 1200 and 1700 mm/yr, with an average of 1470 mm/yr through the sequence. Notwithstanding the extinction of Nothofagus sg. Brassospora from Australia and some now microthermic humid restricted Podocarpaceae conifer taxa, the rainforest vegetation of lowland south-eastern Australia is reconstructed to have been similar to present day Australian Evergreen Notophyll Vine Forests existing under the sub-tropical Köppen-Geiger climate class Cfa (humid subtropical) for most of the sequence. Short periods of cooler climates, such as occurred through the EOT when MAT was ~ 13 °C, may have supported vegetation similar to modern day Evergreen Microphyll Fern Forest. Of potentially greater significance, however, was a warm period in the Early to early Late Oligocene (32–26 Ma) when MAT was 17–18 °C, accompanied by small but important increases in Araucariaceae pollen. At this time, Araucarian Notophyll/Microphyll Vine Forest likely occurred regionally. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Introduction : The songlines of the Scots in Australia

  • Authors: Cahir, David (Fred)
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Book chapter
  • Relation: Scots under the Southern Cross p. 7-12
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  • Description: 'Scots Under the Southern Cross' is a collection of essays from speakers at the Scottish Symposium held in Ballarat 9-11 May 2014. The chapters reflect the many styles, themes and formats embracing the Scottish Diaspora in Australia. This publication complements the Art Gallery of Ballarat Exhibition 'For Auld Lang Syne: Images of Scottish Australia from First Fleet to Federation'. The five interrelated sections of 'Scots Under the Southern Cross' are: 'Retrospect', 'The Scots in Aboriginal Australia', 'Biographical Studies of Scottish Australians', 'Scottish Artists on Australia' and 'Commemorating Scotland in Australia'. The essays tell the stories of Scottish immigrants and their successful establishment of economic and cultural networks in Australia. These chapters hopefully will form a basis for expansion into research of the Scottish diaspora and the way the Scots and their descendants have contributed to adapted to Australian conditions.

Virtual care initiatives for older adults in Australia : scoping review

  • Authors: Savira, Feby , Gupta, Adyya , Gilbert, Cecily , Huggins, Catherine , Browning, Colette , Chapman, Wendy , Haines, Terry , Peeters, Anna
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Journal of Medical Internet Research Vol. 25, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: Background: There has been a rapid shift toward the adoption of virtual health care services in Australia. It is unknown how widely virtual care has been implemented or evaluated for the care of older adults in Australia. Objective: We aimed to review the literature evaluating virtual care initiatives for older adults across a wide range of health conditions and modalities and identify key challenges and opportunities for wider adoption at both patient and system levels in Australia. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, and gray literature (January 1, 2011, to March 8, 2021) to identify virtual care initiatives for older Australians (aged

Group-based trajectories of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverage and offspring oral health from a prospective birth cohort study

  • Authors: Ha, Diep , Nguyen, Huy , Dao, An , Golley, Rebecca , Thomson, W. , Manton, David , Leary, Sam , Scott, Jane , Spencer, Andrew , Do, Loc
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 122, no. (2022), p.
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  • Description: Objectives: To investigate the trajectory of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the first five years of their child's life and its effect on the child's dental caries at five years-of-age. Methods: This is an ongoing prospective population-based birth cohort study in Adelaide, Australia. Mothers completed questionnaires on their SSB intake, socioeconomic factors and health behaviors at the birth of their child and at the ages of one, two and five years. Child dental caries measured as decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces was collected by oral examination. Maternal SSB intake was used to estimate the trajectory of SSB intake. The trajectories then became the main exposure of the study. Dental caries at age five years were the primary outcomes. Adjusted mean- and prevalence-ratios were estimated for dental caries, controlling for confounders. Results: 879 children had dental examinations at five years-of-age. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three trajectories of maternal SSB intake: ‘Stable low’ (40.8%), ‘Moderate but increasing’ (13.6%), and ‘High early’ trajectory (45.6%). Multivariable regression analysis found children of mothers in the ‘High early’ and ‘Moderate but increasing’ groups to have greater experience of dental caries (MR: 1.37 (95%CI 1.01–1.67), and 1.24 (95%CI 0.96–1.60) than those in the ‘Stable low’ trajectory, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal consumption of SSB during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period influenced their offspring's oral health. It is important to create a low-sugar environment from early childhood. The results suggest that health promotion activities need to be delivered to expecting women or soon after childbirth. © 2022