Discrete gradient methods
- Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Taheri, Sona , Karmitsa, Napsu
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Numerical Nonsmooth Optimization: State of the Art Algorithms p. 621-654
- Full Text: false
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- Description: In this chapter, the notion of a discrete gradient is introduced and it is shown that the discrete gradients can be used to approximate subdifferentials of a broad class of nonsmooth functions. Two methods based on such approximations, more specifically, the discrete gradient method (DGM) and its limited memory version (LDGB), are described. These methods are semi derivative-free methods for solving nonsmooth and, in general, nonconvex optimization problems. The performance of the methods is demonstrated using some academic test problems. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
An approximate ADMM for solving linearly constrained nonsmooth optimization problems with two blocks of variables
- Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Taheri, Sona , Bai, Fusheng , Wu, Zhiyou
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Nonsmooth Optimization and Its Applications (part of the International Series of Numerical Mathematics book series) Chapter 2 p. 17-44
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Nonsmooth convex optimization problems with two blocks of variables subject to linear constraints are considered. A new version of the alternating direction method of multipliers is developed for solving these problems. In this method the subproblems are solved approximately. The convergence of the method is studied. New test problems are designed and used to verify the efficiency of the proposed method and to compare it with two versions of the proximal bundle method.
Introduction
- Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Gaudioso, Manlio , Karmitsa, Napsu , Mäkelä, Marko , Taheri, Sona
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Numerical Nonsmooth Optimization: State of the Art Algorithms p. 1-16
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- Description: Nonsmooth optimization (NSO) is among the most challenging tasks in the field of mathematical programming. It addresses optimization problems where objective and/or constraint functions have discontinuous gradients. NSO problems arise in many real life applications. Moreover, some smooth optimization techniques like different decomposition methods, dual formulations and exact penalty methods may lead us to solve NSO problems being either smaller in dimension or simpler in structure. In addition, some optimization problems may be analytically smooth but numerically nonsmooth. This is the case, for instance, with noisy input data and so-called stiff problems, which are numerically unstable and behave like nonsmooth problems. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Final words
- Authors: Bagirov, Adil , Gaudioso, Manlio , Karmitsa, Napsu , Mäkelä, Marko , Taheri, Sona
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Numerical Nonsmooth Optimization: State of the Art Algorithms p. 693-694
- Full Text: false
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An exploration of police use of firearms in Australia
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Police Use of Force: A Global perspective p. 141-151
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Police Use of Force: A Global Perspective is a fascinating, international exploration of police use of force, firearms, and less-than-lethal weapons in nations around the world. The book is comprised of three sections: the first focuses on the use of force generally, the second explores firearms and deadly force, and the final section considers less-than-lethal weapons, including pepper spray, TASERs, and other emerging technologies currently on the horizon. The essays gathered here will provide readers with an understanding of the vast differences in how police use force in various countries, as well as why police use force differently under different forms of government. Topics covered include use-of-force definitions, training procedures, policy issues, abuse of police authority, use of force during interrogations, and the use of firearms by armed and unarmed police forces. Finally, there is an essay focusing on how shooting and killing a suspect impacts an officer in the months and years that follow. "From the publisher"
Tonga
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Crime and Punishment around the world p.
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Review
'Bloody Sunday' in review : an analysis of the confused policing of the 1919 Fremantle waterfront
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Labour History in the New Century p. 51-62
- Full Text: false
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- Description: With the 21st century nearing the end of its first decade, it seems an appropriate moment to take stock of what labour historians are researching and writing about in 2009. Labour History in the New Century presents a collection of papers embracing a wide range of themes: anti-Labor organizations such as ASIO and the FBI; struggles by female and Indigenous workers for equal pay and conditions; conflict within the Communist Party of Australia; comparative studies, significant individuals, and papers contextualizing the labour movement in the latter 20th century
The 'new' policing of industrial discord
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: New Employment Actors: Development from Australia p. 67-87
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The public police consitute a paradox: police in Australia are both sworn officers and employees. Although police control overt manifestations of industrial disputation such as lockouts and pickets, they can be militant unionists themselves. Policing is one of the most highly unionised industries in Australia with some state memberships nearing a rate of 99 percent. Policing is immersed in ambiguities: police act as the state's coercive agent but poice operational independence also determines when and how to act. "From introduction"
Policing of protest in rural and regional contexts
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Locating crime in context and place: Perspectives on regional, rural and remote Australia p. 85-96
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Although reporting of the policing of protest is mainly confined to urban environments, protest is not confined to one type of geographic locality. Rural, regional and remote (RRR) policing has often been ignored by criminologists, historians and geographers (Mawby & Yarwood 2011): this is particularly true of RRR policing of dissent in Australia. Rural policing is a specialised activity in itself. It is traditionally embodied within a community policing ethos with the local police station symbolic of stability and emergency assistance. A couple of police historians - Haldane (1995) for Victoria and Johnston (1992) for Queensland - have referred to the impact of the policing of protest but do not analyse the processes involved. This chapter focuses on the policing of industrial disputes and other form of protests (including environmental unrest) in rural and regional locations and explores how that policing is affected by place.
Conclusion: The state of play
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Locating crime in context and place: Perspectives on regional, rural and remote Australia p. 171-177
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Locating crime is problematic and contentious. There still remains no offcial or academic consensus of what constitutes rural and regional crime (see Scott & Hogg 2014). Donnermeyer (2015) chides "simple, one dimensional thinking about place (that) still bedevils criminological thought today". Akin to Donnermeyer's American research, Locating Crime rejects the bucolic idyll of rural Australia being devoid of crime and violence and it acknowledges the diversity of rural place, globalisation impact, rapidly evolving communication technologies, changinging groups and networks. Places over time are neither static nor homogeneous in terms of composition, structure and social control.
Chief Constable Per Svartz: a Swedish Police Manager Interviewed
- Authors: Baker, David
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe 10 p. 155-170
- Full Text: false
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Impact of perceived organisational support, stress and job satisfaction on intentions to quit among teachers
- Authors: Baker, Lyndon , Moore, Kathleen
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Stress and Anxiety: Applications to Schools, Well-Being, Coping, and Internet Use p. 7-17
- Full Text: false
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"Dark in Complexion": The Indigenous war graves Workers
- Authors: Bakker, Peter , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Australian war graves workers and World War One : Devoted labour for the lost, the unknown but not forgotten dead Chapter 5 p. 76-93
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Indigenous peoples' participation in Australia's modern military conflict's has until the 1970's been largely sidelined by historians. Recent scholarship in this field has revealed far greater participation numbers than previously thought. The general consideration is now that Indigenous people in the Great War participated as an extension of their ongoing effort to shape and alter their social and political realities. "From abstract"
Modelling and simulation of power systems
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Smart Power Systems and Renewable Energy System Integration (part of the Studies in Systems, Decision and Control book series) 2 p. 15-28
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- Description: This chapter presents major modelling and simulation techniques applied in power systems research. As the smart grids will be a journey through the modern power system environment, it is vital to know how these models and techniques are applied in a traditional power grid environment and how they can make advances to realize smart grid objectives. The chapter describes optimization techniques applied in power systems research and then extended to incorporate stochastic elements. The chapter ends with a brief exploration into the Monte Carlo simulation based research.
Fundamentals of power systems
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Smart Power Systems and Renewable Energy System Integration (part of the Studies in Systems, Decision and Control book series) Chapter 1 p. 1-13
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The chapter describes the history, evolution, and fundamental analysis frameworks of a power system. Power systems started modestly as small scale DC systems. As the dependence on electricity has increased, the complexities and demands placed on electricity have also been increased. The chapter begins with a description of the history of power systems and then describes major events that have shaped the modern power system industry. A description of the basic power system components are presented along with analysis techniques of load flow, optimal power dispatch, and transient stability. The chapter fundamentals will aid in a better understanding of the remaining chapters.
Micro grid planning and operation
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Smart Power Systems and Renewable Energy System Integration (part of the Studies in Systems, Decision and Control book series) Chapter 3 p. 29-47
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Increasing penetrations of renewable power as well as deregulation of electricity markets have seen a rise around the world. A Micro Grid is a smaller entity that can intelligently control and coordinate distributed energy resources with the support of intelligent controllers and other necessary architecture. However, achieving such objectives that lead to a smart operation require significant advances to planning and operation of the Micro Grid as the collective operation of Micro Grids can potentially provide business cases. Roles of Micro Grids include improving reliability, resilience and security at the normal and emergency operating conditions of the power grid. Each mode of operation presents challenges such as frequency control in islanded mode and voltage control in grid connect mode. Micro Grid control strategies may be classified into grid following and grid forming and further into interactive or non-interactive. Most control hierarchies combine centralised as well as decentralised control. This chapter investigates specific challenges in a Micro Grid, planning and operation, control strategies as well as realistic studies of micro grids.
Grid integration of renewable energy systems
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Smart Power Systems and Renewable Energy System Integration (part of the Studies in Systems, Decision and Control book series) Chapter 5 p. 75-97
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The percentage of renewable power demand met by renewable power generators is increasing rapidly. This growth is driven by environmental concerns, government policies and decreasing cost of technologies. However, as the penetration of renewable power sources increases, new challenges in system planning and operation are becoming evident. There are short term operational challenges as well as long term planning challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable power generation primarily from wind and solar photovoltaics. The study of grid integration of renewables is concerned with determining the optimal technical and regulatory framework that can effectively manage the short term and long term challenges of large scale renewable power penetration. Operational challenges of this chapter include maintaining frequency and voltage stability due to intermittency as well as network congestion. Planning challenges include allocating long term capacity credits of wind and solar power generation. Currently, the cost of a number of balancing technologies is expected to play a major role in overall viability of renewable power generation. This includes energy storage, demand side management, and dynamic ratings of assets. Smart grids are expected to provide the platform for utilizing the full potential of renewable power generation as well as balancing the technologies.
Students' attitudes, engagement and confidence in mathematics and statistics learning: ICT, gender, and equity dimensions
- Authors: Barkatsas, Anastasios
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Towards Equity in Mathematics Education. Gender, Culture, and Diversity p. 151-179
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- Description: Abstract In this chapter the findings of five studies are reported. Two research instruments were used: the Mathematics and Technology Attitudes Scale (MTAS), and the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics Scale (SATS). The aims, methods, data analyses, selected findings and conclusions are presented, as well as implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics and statistics. The studies involved samples from Australia and Greece. Findings from the three MTAS studies revealed that there is a complex nexus of relationships between secondary mathematics students’ mathematics confidence, confidence with technology, attitude to learning mathematics with technology, affective engagement and behavioural engagement, achievement, and gender. Findings from the SATS studies indicated that male Greek tertiary students had more positive attitudes toward statistics than female students; there was no gender gap for the Australian tertiary students. Secondary students’ attitudes towards ICT use for mathematics learning require further scrutiny in order to bring about gender equity and to facilitate improved outcomes for all students. Gender and cultural sensitivity are paramount in the instructional planning, decision making, and implementation of secondary mathematics and tertiary statistics.
Tai Chi exercise to improve balance and prevent falls among older people with dementia
- Authors: Barrado-Martín, Yolanda , Polman, Remco , Nyman, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Exercise to Prevent and Manage Chronic Disease Across the Lifespan Chapter 27 p. 363-372
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The number of people affected by dementia across the world is estimated to grow over the coming decades. It is a condition that leads to global and nonreversible cognitive impairment. As well as creating dependency in everyday activities, dementia increases the risk of older people experiencing a fall. Falls are globally recognized as a public health problem, given their high prevalence and severe consequences among older people. Several interventions have been developed to prevent falls, with robust evidence to support exercise-based interventions and in particular Tai Chi. Tai Chi exercise is a mind-body exercise that has evidence to support its potential to improve physical, cognitive, and mental health more generally as well as prevent falls. Most exercise trials to date have excluded people with dementia, and so there is little evidence to guide the use of Tai Chi for this patient group. Further, the methodological quality and heterogeneity of approaches used in Tai Chi studies such as the exercise dose, outcomes measured, and how adherence was reported, makes it difficult to make firm conclusions. Emergent evidence suggests Tai Chi is an enjoyable and safe form of exercise for community-dwelling older people with mild to moderate dementia and their informal carers. It has strong potential to improve quality of life and prevent falls among this patient group. The mechanism for its effectiveness is not clear but it is potentially via a positive impact on both cognitive and physical functioning. Clinical practice recommendations for exercise prescribers are provided with an emphasis on how to attract and sustain high levels of adherence. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Spray drying and encapsulation of omega-3 oils
- Authors: Barrow, Colin , Wang, Bo , Liu, Huihua , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Food enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids p. 194-225
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed: