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Interpretation of ambiguous interoceptive stimuli in panic disorder and nonclinical panic

  • Authors: Richards, Jeffrey , Austin, David , Alvarenga, Marlies
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Cognitive Therapy and Research Vol. 25, no. 3 (2001), p. 235-246
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  • Description: Cognitive bias in the misinterpretation of ambiguous interoceptive stimuli has been demonstrated in panic disorder. This study investigated whether this cognitive bias also occurs in people with nonclinical panic who are at risk of developing panic disorder. The responses of 25 people with nonclinical panic were compared to those of 20 people with panic disorder and 69 nonpanic controls on a measure of interpretive bias, the Brief Body Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire. There was evidence for interpretive cognitive bias for ambiguous interoceptive stimuli among the nonclinical panickers which did not differ from that of the people with panic disorder, but which differed from the nonpanic controls. High anxiety sensitivity predicted interpretive bias toward both interoceptive and external stimuli. Results therefore suggest that interpretive cognitive bias for ambiguous interoceptive stimuli may be a risk factor for the development of panic disorder.

Introducing OO concepts from a class user perspective

  • Authors: Smith, Philip , Boyd, Geoffrey
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges Vol. 17, no. 2 (2001), p. 152-158
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  • Description: The use of an object-oriented language as an introductory language is becoming more widespread (Biddle & Tempero, 1998). However, pedagogical issues relating to the incorporation of such a language are still not understood properly (Kolling, 2001). Approaches to incorporating an object-oriented language into a teaching program vary greatly. Some approaches avoid the issue of object-orientation by putting emphasis on the procedural aspects of the language (Koffman & Wolz, 1999). Others approach the subject from the perspective of a class developer, especially making use of the appeal graphical user interfaces and applets have for students. The approach that we take at the University of Ballarat is to introduce students to programming from the perspective of a class user. This approach is facilitated by the availability of BlueJ (Kolling & Rosenberg, 2001), a program development environment designed explicitly for teaching object-oriented principles using Java. This paper describes this approach and the students' reactions to it.

Markets, outsourcing and the welfare state : Reconciling welfare policies in state education

Maturation studies of pecan nuts grown in Queensland

  • Authors: Wansri, R. , Mason, Richard , Wakeling, Lara , Nottingham, S. M.
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Food Australia Vol. 53, no. 12 (2001), p. 562-567
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  • Description: Changes in chemical composition, physical and sensory characteristics were followed in two pecan cultivars Wichita and Western Schley harvested from a commercial orchard at Gatton in Queensland seven times during 1996. Testa colour of both pecan cultivars darkened and opalescence decreased as the nuts matured. Bitterness of Western Schley pecans decreased with maturity. Colour of shuck, shell and kernel of both cultivars developed as the nuts matured. Wichita pecans were larger than Western Schley at all harvest times. Both nut-in-shell and kernel moisture decreased with maturity, whereas oil and sucrose contents increased. Both pecan cultivars had reached advanced maturation by the first harvest on March 18.

Multivariate statistical analysis of songs of the male Common Blackbird (Turdus merula) : An example from western Victoria, Australia

  • Authors: Kentish, Barry , Harvey, Jack , Roberts, Lyn , Ross, Jason
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: EMU Vol. 101, no. 4 (2001), p. 335-340
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  • Description: Variation in the song of the male Common Blackbird was investigated within and between two locations in western Victoria. Each of 400 phrases (100 phrases per male) was characterised by 61 measurements relating to 13 aspects of each phrase. Principal component and stepwise discriminant analyses were undertaken on these measurements. Classification of blackbird song for location and individuality was based on timing within the phrase of the loudest elements. Evidence was found for within-phrase variability, with the greatest variation in the middle of the phrase. Within- and between-site comparison found that blackbird song exhibited both individual and site-specific characteristics consistent with earlier suggestions of phrase sharing within local populations. The study demonstrated that an objective statistical approach to song analysis was able to disciminate between individual birds from different locations.

On global optimality conditions via separation functions

  • Authors: Rubinov, Alex , Uderzo, A.
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications Vol. 109, no. 2 (May 2001), p. 345-370
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  • Description: The paper examines some axiomatic definitions of separation functions that can be employed fruitfully in the analysis of side-constrained extremum problems. A study of their general properties points out connections with abstract convex analysis and recent generalizations of Lagrangian approaches to duality and exact penalty methods. Many concrete examples are brought out.

On the social history of accounting : The bank audit

  • Authors: West, Brian
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Accounting History Vol. 6 , no. 1 (2001), p. 20-30
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  • Description: The processes of social negotiation which sanction the elevated occupational authority of professions remain understudied. However, the conventionally ascribed complexity of professional services suggests the importance of more discursive mediums rather than objective evaluations of occupational competence. Thus, what might previously have been dismissed as mere professional ephemera may actually function as key signifiers in the development of image and status. It is within this context that Bruce Marshall’s 1958 book The Bank Audit is reviewed. Authored by an accountant, this book is significant as a rare example of an “accounting novel” and for its often distinctive portrayal of accountants and their work. A call is made for accounting historians to enliven development of the social history of accounting by searching for and studying the expansive and eclectic range of texts and other sources which elucidate the often intriguing interface between this occupation and the broader society in which it is constituted.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003002504

Perceived maternal control and support : Effects on hostile biased social information processing and aggression among clinic-referred children with high aggression

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , DeMello, Lesley , Tallent, Ron
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines Vol. 42, no. 4 (2001), p. 513-522
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  • Description: Based on a sample of 89 aggressive clinic-referred children, aged between 9 and 11 years, a longitudinal study of 1-year duration was conducted to examine (a) whether the children's perception of control and support of their mothers' to them predicted their hostile attribution of intent and hostile response selection, and (b) whether these hostile biased social cognitions mediated the relationships between their perceived maternal behaviours and their aggression. Participants completed a questionnaire covering both the perceived maternal control and support. One year later, their hostile attribution of intent and response selection, and aggression, were measured. Results showed that perceived maternal control and perceived maternal support were associated positively and negatively, respectively, with both the social cognition measures. Also, the social cognition measures mediated the relationships of the perceived maternal measures with aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of how children's hostile biased relational schemas and scripts, developed from negative parenting and insecure attachment, favour more hostile social cognitions, and how these in turn mediate children's current hostile biased social behaviours.

Post-modernism and witchcraft history

Promoting resilience in young people : Progress in implementing a framework in schools

  • Authors: McDonald, John , Hayes, Louise
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 12, no. 3 (2001), p. 261-264
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  • Description: Issue addressed: The Framework for Student Support Services (FSSS) in Victoria aims to foster resiliency among young people through an emphasis on prevention and early intervention. This study examined the implementation of the first 18 months of the Framework in a rural region. Methods: A process evaluation was conducted involving eight focus groups with student welfare staff and a survey of 79 schools. Results: Participants reported frustration with delays in professional development, a perceived lack of resources and difficulty engaging the community welfare and health sectors. The survey revealed that schools were targeting primary prevention activities. Conclusion: The student welfare system is successfully introducing some early intervention services. However, the system is still largely constrained to work clinically with individual high risk students. Staff are attempting to introduce a whole-school approach to promoting resiliency. There is significant variation between schools in their efforts and successes. So what?: The Framework is an ambitious, long term program. It presents major challenges for reorienting the priorities and activities of the student support system. Implementation could be improved through a statewide evaluation and learning from research on the delivery of other whole-school approaches to student support. (author abstract)
  • Description: 2003004328

Remembering Eureka

  • Authors: Beggs-Sunter, Anne
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Victorian Studies Vol. 70, no. (2001), p. 49-56
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  • Description: Analyses the memory practices associated with the commemoration of an important national event, the Eureka Stockade and examines how public commemoration exercises become an opportunity for contest and controversy, for the expression of nationalism, and an opportunity for cultural tourism and tourist promotion.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003002498

Remembering King Billy

Resistance training for short sprints and maximum-speed sprints

Rewriting the agenda for training in clinical and counselling psychology

  • Authors: Richards, Jeffrey
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Psychologist Vol. 36, no. 2 (2001), p. 99-106
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  • Description: This paper describes a model for future training in clinical and counselling psychology. The model is based on the results of psychotherapy outcome research, and the development of empirically supported therapies, as well as recent developments in the use of information technology in psychotherapeutic interventions. It is also argued that developments such as the increasing cost of mental health interventions, the wide disparities in access to specialised mental health assistance, and the rise of the mental health consumer movement all provide a context for recommendations as to optimum developments in training for clinical and counselling psychologists.

Serum lipids and their relationships with angry affect and behaviours in men

Specificity of sprint and agility training methods

  • Authors: Young, Warren , McDowell, Mark , Scarlett, Bentley
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 15, no. 3 (2001), p. 315-319
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  • Description: The purpose of this study was to determine if straight sprint training transferred to agility performance tests that involved various change-of-direction complexities and if agility training transferred to straight sprinting speed. Thirty-six males were tested on a 30-m straight sprint and 6 agility tests with 2-5 changes of direction at various angles. The subjects participated in 2 training sessions per week for 6 weeks using 20-40-m straight sprints (speed) or 20-40-m change-of-direction sprints (3-5 changes of 100°) (agility). After the training period, the subjects were retested, and the speed training resulted in significant improvements (p < 0.05) in straight sprinting speed but limited gains in the agility tests. Generally, the more complex the agility task, the less the transfer from the speed training to the agility task. Conversely, the agility training resulted in significant improvements in the change-of-direction tests (p < 0.05) but no significant improvement (p > 0.05) in straight sprint performance. We concluded that straight speed and agility training methods are specific and produce limited transfer to the other. These findings have implications for the design of speed and agility training and testing protocols.
  • Description: 2003003767

Spiritual health of professional nurses in the western region of Victoria : Investigation of a significant component of holistic health care

Strengthening welfare services for young people : The vision and the challenge

  • Authors: McDonald, John , Hayes, Louise
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Youth Studies Australia Vol. 20, no. 1 (2001), p. 37-42
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  • Description: A 1997 Victorian government report identified a major decline in many of the indicators of well-being of young people over the past three or four decades. In response to mounting concerns, the Kennett government launched the Framework for Student Support Services in Victorian Government Schools. The authors suggest that a thorough review of this Framework is necessary and should take into account lessons learned from American efforts at school reform.
  • Description: 2003002819

Tectonic and economic implications of trace element, Ar-40/Ar-39 and Sm-Nd data from mafic dykes associated with orogenic gold mineralisation in central Victoria, Australia

  • Authors: Bierlein, Frank , Hughes, Martin , Dunphy, J. , McKnight, Stafford , Reynolds, P. , Waldron, H.
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Lithos Vol. 58, no. 1-2 (Aug 2001), p. 1-31
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  • Description: Mafic to intermediate dykes are spatially and temporally closely associated with major post-tectonic granitic complexes in the western Lachlan Orogen of SE Australia. These dykes, which range petrographically from basaltic to andesitic, are concentrated within several, north- to northwest-trending zones and were emplaced during two broad intervals of extensive magmatic activity during the Silurian–Devonian period. Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic characteristics of these mafic intrusives are consistent with their formation in a complex subduction-related tectonic setting. Interaction between mantle-wedge material, sinking oceanic crust and input from the overlying continental crust resulted in the petrological and geochemical variations displayed by these and more felsic dykes throughout the study region. Field evidence and 40Ar/39Ar data show that in the eastern part of the Stawell Zone and in the northwest portion of the Bendigo Zone, mafic dyke were intruded between 410 and 400 Ma (Late Silurian/Early Devonian). Further emplacement in the Bendigo Zone and the eastern part of the Melbourne Zone took place at between 375 and 365 Ma (Middle to Late Devonian). Episodic mantle-derived magmatism was possibly related to step-wise rollback, slab detachment or changes in the angle and rate of westward subduction in response to periodically occurring accretionary pulses. A close spatial and temporal relationship also exists between the dykes and orogenic gold mineralisation in the central Victorian gold province. Mafic to intermediate dykes both crosscut, and are host to, mineralisation in a number of goldfields. Although there is little evidence for a direct genetic association, the two processes are linked by the common utilisation of translithospheric structures, which facilitated the rapid ascent into shallow crustal levels of both mantle-derived magma and crustal-scale ore-forming fluid systems. Previous studies have suggested that transfer of heat into the crust via ascending mafic mantle magmas can provide a thermal engine which triggers and sustains extensive crustal melting, thus explaining the commonly observed close association of mafic to intermediate and felsic intrusive suites. This study supports the viability of this mechanism and in addition, indicates that a causal link exists between the formation of mantle magmas in collisional zones and the generation of orogenic gold deposits.
  • Description: C1

The catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorder

  • Authors: Austin, David , Richards, Jeffrey
  • Date: 2001
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol. 39, no. 11 (2001), p. 1277-1291
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  • Description: In the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic ark [Behav. Res. Ther. 24(1986)1461] proposes that panic attacks result from the misinterpretation of autonomic arousal stimuli as precursors to a physical or psychological emergency. The model has been widely examined, with many researchers suggesting that this specific cognitive bias is implicated in both the phenomenon of panic, and the aetiology and maintenance of panic disorder. Various research methodologies have provided only partial or inconclusive support for the model as being uniquely associated with panic, and as a cognitive process underpinning the experience of panic. This paper reviews the body of existing evidence and its implications for the model and proposes future research directions. The influence of implicit operational definitions of key terms in the catastrophic misinterpretation literature (e.g. 'catastrophe', 'threat', 'anxiety-related') are examined, and clarifications proposed. Inconsistencies and limitations in the measurement of catastrophic misinterpretation are highlighted, and subsequently developments to measurement instruments are proposed. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.