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A survey of the value university students place on studying economics

  • Authors: Marangos, John
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Economic Papers Vol. 21, no. 3 (2002), p. 80-93
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  • Description: Enrolments have always been critical for teaching staff at higher education. Universities allocate their resources among different departments according to enrolment numbers. Meeting the needs of students and building a good reputation, which increases enrolments, are a priority for universities, faculties, departments and teaching staff. Undoubtedly, understanding student's valuation of subjects is a worthwhile activity. It can help teaching staff be more effective in meeting the needs of students and can improve the overall educational performance.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000214

A time to kill : Viral manipulation of the cell death program

  • Authors: Hay, Stewart , Kannourakis, George
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of General Virology Vol. 83, no. 7 (2002), p. 1547-1564
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  • Description: Many viruses have as part of their arsenal the ability to modulate the apoptotic pathways of the host. It is counter-intuitive that such simple organisms would be efficient at regulating this the most crucial pathway within the host, given the relative complexity of the host cells. Yet, viruses have the potential to initiate or stay the onset of programmed cell death through the manipulation of a variety of key apoptotic proteins. It is the intention of this review to provide an overview of viral gene products that are able to promote or inhibit apoptotic death of the host cell and to discuss their mechanisms of action. It is not until recently that the depth at which viruses exploit the apoptotic pathways of their host has been seen. This understanding may provide a great opportunity for future therapeutic ventures.
  • Description: 2003000164

A world ruled by hilarity : Gender and low comedy in the films of Amy Heckerling

  • Authors: Speed, Lesley
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Senses of Cinema Vol. 22, no. 4 (2002), p.
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  • Description: Beneath their surface frivolity and boisterous humour, the films of Amy Heckerling use comedy to address themes such as gender difference, adolescent sexuality and parenthood. Although the association between female directors and genres such as teen film, comedy and romance has been seen to reinforce a gendered hierarchy, close analysis of Heckerling's work offers a more complex view of the relationship between women directors, teenage audiences and Hollywood entertainment. This article situates Heckerling's most well-known films, Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), Look Who's Talking (1989) and Clueless (1995), in the context of the significance of some female film directors in contemporary Hollywood. While her films exemplify Hollywood's tendency to absorb and de-politicise feminist values, Heckerling's career also reflects the role of contemporary female film directors in expanding teen film and low comedy beyond their traditional masculine preoccupations.

Abstract convexity and non-smooth analysis : Global aspects

  • Authors: Ioffe, A. D , Rubinov, Alex
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Advances in Mathematical Economics Vol. 4, no. (2002), p. 1-23
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  • Description: We study some types of convergence of abstract convex functions. We show that under certain conditions, convergence of support sets of a sequence of abstract convex functions implies graph convergence of the support sets at a point and the global subdifferential. Some examples and counterexamples are given.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000146

Abstract convexity of positive homogenous functions

  • Authors: Rubinov, Alex , Dzalilov, Zari
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Statistics and Management Systems Vol. 5, no. 1 (2002), p. 1-19
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  • Description: This paper is a survey of recent results to abstract convexity of positively homogeneous functions, that is, to a representation of such functions as the upper (lower) envelope of sets of fairly simple functions. In particular, we study sup-min and max-min representations of positively homogeneous of degree one functions through linear functions and various kinds of the so-called exhausters.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003003353

Algebraic insight : The algebra needed to use CAS

Alternative methods of institutional development for transition economies

  • Authors: Marangos, John
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics Vol. 158, no. 3 (2002), p. 483-513
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  • Description: A radical economic change, such as moving from a centrally administered economy to an economy based on market relations, also requires reform of the institutional structure. The shock-therapy process of transition utilises market incentives to internalise the developmental process of institutions instead of relying on the government, an actor external to the whole process. In contrast, gradualists argue that the development of the institutional structure requires government action. Gradualists recommend active state intervention in institutional development. Empirical evidence is inconclusive as to the more appropriate method. It is argued that a combination of the two methods would produce an optimal sequence. (JEL: P 2, P 3).
  • Description: 2003000217

An analysis of the forces required to drag sheep over various surfaces

  • Authors: Harvey, Jack , Culvenor, John , Payne, Warren , Cowley, Stephen , Lawrance, Michael , Stuart, David , Williams, Robyn
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Applied Ergonomics Vol. 33, no. 6 (Nov 2002), p. 523-531
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  • Description: Some occupational health and safety hazards associated with sheep shearing are related to shearing shed design. One aspect is the floor of the catching pen, from which sheep are caught and dragged to the shearing workstation. Floors can be constructed from various materials, and may be level or gently sloping. An experiment was conducted using eight experienced shearers as participants to measure the force exerted by a shearer when dragging a sheep. Results showed that significant changes in mean dragging force occurred with changes in both surface texture and slope. The mean dragging forces for different floor textures and slopes ranged from 359 N (36.6 kg) to 423N (43.2 kg), and were close to the maximum acceptable limits for pulling forces for the most capable of males. The best floor tested was a floor sloped at 1:10 constructed of timber battens oriented parallel to the path of the drag, which resulted in a mean dragging force 63.6N (15%) lower than the worst combination.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000244

An argumentation shell for supporting the development and drafting of legal arguments

  • Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Information and Communication Technology Law Vol. 11, no. 1 (2002), p. 75-86
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  • Description: This article describes an argumentation shell to support the formulation, representation and drafting of legal arguments. The shell can be used to capture generic arguments in many legal domains as well as to assist decision-makers in constructing their own actual arguments . The shell demonstrates that knowledge represented using the generic/actual argument model (GAAM) (a variant of Toulmin's argument structure) can be used to: (a) support the development of complex arguments, (b) add context and increase specificity for the retrieval of relevant documents, (c) incorporate background knowledge, (d) assist in the drafting of documents that represent arguments made, and (e) provide a structure for complex inferences requiring a range of mechanisms. The shell can be used to support decision making in a range of legal domains, including discretionary domains.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000141

Arsenic contamination in Bangladesh groundwater : A major environmental and social disaster

  • Authors: Alam, M. G. M. , Allinson, Graeme , Stagnitti, Frank , Tanaka, A. , Westbrooke, Martin
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Environmental Health Research Vol. 12, no. 3 (2002), p. 236-253
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  • Description: In attempting to eliminate disease caused by drinking polluted surface water, millions of shallow surface wells were drilled into the Ganges delta alluvium in Bangladesh. The latest statistics indicate that 80% of Bangladesh and an estimated 40 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning-related diseases because the ground water in these wells is contaminated with arsenic. The clinical manifestations of arsenic poisoning are myriad, and the correct diagnosis depends largely on awareness of the problem. Patients with melanosis, leuco-melanosis, keratosis, hyperkeratosis, dorsum, non-petting edema, gangrene and skin cancer have been identified. The present article reviews the current arsenic contamination of ground water, hydrological systems, groundwater potential and utilization and environmental pollution in Bangladesh. This paper concludes by clarifying the main actions required to ensure the sustainable development of water resources in Bangladesh.
  • Description: 2003000124

ATL>Effects of acetaldehyde on Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to a range of chemical and environmental stresses

  • Authors: Vriesekoop, Frank , Barber, Andrew , Pamment, Neville
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Enzyme & Microbial Technology Vol. 30, no. 2 (2002), p. 240
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  • Description: The ability of small quantities of added acetaldehyde to stimulate growth in environmentally-stressed cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined over a broad range of stress conditions. Acetaldehyde addition substantially reduced the lag phase of cultures suddenly inoculated into medium containing inhibitory quantities of low M.W. alcohols and higher fatty acids. For ethanol-stressed cultures, acetaldehyde was effective whether added initially or during fermentation. The effects of acetaldehyde were not universal, only minor stimulation being observed for cultures exposed to heat shock, or experiencing changes in cultivation temperature or pH, despite the occurrence of long lag phases under these conditions. Acetaldehyde strongly inhibited the growth of osmotically-shocked cultures, in contrast to the effects of small quantities of ethanol. The beneficial effects of acetaldehyde appear to be largely confined to cultures exposed to chemical stress especially by agents which disturb membrane structure or function. Acetaldehyde addition has potential practical application in overcoming inhibition in such fermentations. [Copyright 2002 Elsevier]
  • Description: 1

Attracting sets for increasing co-radiant and topical operators

  • Authors: Kloeden, Peter , Rubinov, Alex
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Mathematische Nachrichten Vol. 243, no. (2002), p. 134-145
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  • Description: A generalization of the Perron-Frobenius theorem to increasing positively homogeneous of degree one operators is extended to increasing co-radiant and topical operators, which are of interest in mathematical economics. In particular, small attracting sets containing the limit points of all sequences generated by iteration of such operators are determined.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000150

Attribution of rape blame as a function of victim gender and sexuality, and perceived similarity to the victim

  • Authors: Burt, Darren , DeMello, Lesley
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Homosexuality Vol. 43, no. 2 (2002), p. 39-57
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  • Description: This study examined respondents' perceived level of blame and responsibility for three victims of rape, as a function of attitudes toward homosexuals, and perceived similarity to the victim, as indicative of Shaver's (1970) Defensive Attribution Hypothesis. Victims were a homosexual and heterosexual male, and a female. A sample of 168 university students completed questionnaires, which included three rape scenarios and subsequent questions, the Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals (Hudson & Ricketts, 1980), and the short-form Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Reynolds, 1982). Results indicated that respondents higher in homophobia (regardless of gender) blamed the homosexual male rape victim and the behavior and character of the heterosexual male rape victim, more than the female rape victim. Male respondents in general also blamed the heterosexual male rape victim, more than female respondents. Shaver's defensive attribution hypothesis was not supported. Results are discussed in terms of the possible link between homophobia and male rape blame. © 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

Australia victrix : Francis Adams and The Melbournians (1892), a romance of nationalism

Australian women's stories of work and play

  • Authors: Newton, Janice
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Oral history Vol. 30, no. 1 (2002), p. 54-62
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  • Description: In the 1920s and 1930s working-class people from the inner suburbs of Melbourne, Australia took to the foothills of the nearby Dandenong ranges on weekends and public holidays to enjoy a bush picnic or holiday. It was a time in both Britain and Australia when working people were able to take family holidays in greater numbers. Unstructured interviews with former female visitors began with the purpose of gaining an insight into the leisure of the time. Information obtained along the way about working lives reinforced the importance of thinking about work and leisure in association with each other. The incidents that some women remembered from their working lives presented a strong and autonomous view of themselves. While such power could be seen as a realistic view of their holidays in the bush, it appears that the context of the interview relationship contributed to the highlighting of an assertive and lively work identity.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000092

Barriers to purchasing on the internet

  • Authors: Van Beveren, John , Wilson, Robyn
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of E-Business Vol. 2, no. (2002), p. 1-4
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  • Description: A tremendous amount of work and effort has been devoted to securing financial transactions over the Internet. However the amount of effort is not reflected in the number of people who are purchasing on the Web. This paper provides a conceptual model and framework for future empirical investigations as to why people are still apprehensive to purchasing on the Internet. The model is based on the development of perceptions of risk related to purchasing on the Internet and incorporates, product class, prior experiences with the product and purchasing online, and word of mouth (media reports) as determinants for risk. The model then provides Website design, with technology and information provided as moderators of the effect of perceptions of risk to the purchasing decision.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000234

Barriers to the delivery of mental health care in general practice

Children, literacy and the UK national grid for learning

  • Authors: Lankshear, Colin , Knobel, Michele
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Early Childhood Literacy Vol. 2, no. 3 (2002), p. 167-194
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  • Description: This article presents a critical assessment from the standpoint of early childhood literacy of Britain’s ambitious and costly on-line learning resource, the National Grid for Learning. It provides an overview of the aims, scope and administration of the Grid, together with typical examples of content available for users in the early childhood age range (0–8 years).The authors argue that the Grid is headed in an unfortunate and counterproductive direction so far as young learners are concerned.The argument claims that in its current form the Grid is likely to generate boredom among young people in terms of Grid-promoted on-line literacy practices, and to foster mislearningof important new forms of literacy, such as email and interactivity. Furthermore, Grid activities and approaches dumb down literacy acquisition, particularly acquisition of ‘new literacies’, and impede development of personal responsibility for on-line actions. The authors claim that a major change in mindset will be necessary to reform the Grid in ways that are compatible with the official policy goals and aspirations behind its development. Examples are provided of more productive alternatives, together with concepts, principles and data supporting the judgments and suggestions advanced.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000038

Comparison of structural stability, carbon fractions and chemistry of krasnozem soils from adjacent forest and pasture areas in south-western Victoria

  • Authors: Carter, Martin , Skjemstad, J. O. , MacEwan, Richard
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Soil Research Vol. 40, no. 2 (2002), p. 283-298
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  • Description: Basalt-derived krasnozems are generally well-structured soils; however, there is a concern that intensive agricultural practices may result in an adverse decline in soil organic carbon, organic matter chemistry, and structural quality over time. A study was conducted on loam to silty clay loam krasnozems (Ferrosols) near Ballarat in south-western Victoria to assess changes in soil C, soil structural stability, and C chemistry, at the 0-10 cm soil depth, under 3 paired sites consisting of adjacent long-term forest (Monterey pine or eucalyptus) v. 30 year cropping [3 year pasture-2 year crops (potato and a root crop or grain)]. Soil structural stability was also characterised in the A and B horizons under long-term eucalyptus and several cropped sites. Organic C levels in the A horizons for all the soils were relatively high, ranging from 46 to 89 g/kg. A lower organic C (30%), associated mainly with loss of the sand-sized (> 53 mum) macro-C fraction, and a decrease in exchangeable Ca and Mg was found in the agricultural soils, compared with forest soils. Physically protected C in the <53 μm fraction, as indicated by UV photo-oxidation, was similar among soils. Wet sieving indicated a decline of both C and N concentration in water-stable aggregates and the degree of macro-aggregation under agricultural soils, compared with the forest soils. However, soil structural changes under cropping were mainly related to a decline in the >5 mm sized aggregates, with no deleterious increase in the proportion of 0.10 mm aggregates. Solid state C-13 NMR spectroscopy indicated a decrease in O-alkyl and alkyl C under pasture and cropping compared with forest soils, which was in agreement with the decline in the macro-C fraction. Characterisation of C chemistry following UV photo-oxidation showed that charcoal C (dominant presence of aryl C) accounted for 30% of the total soil organic C, while other functional groups (polysaccharides and alkyl C) were probably protected within micro-aggregates. Based on soil organic C and aggregate stability determinations alone, the implications for soil physical quality, soil loss, and diffuse pollution appear minimal.

Complaint behaviour : A study of the differences between complainants about advertising in Australia and the population at large

  • Authors: Volkov, Michael , Harker, Debra , Harker, Michael
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol. 19, no. 4 (2002), p. 319-332
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  • Description: Advertising expenditure has risen globally and in Australia there has been a 2.7-fold increase in the last ten years. It is suggested that some advertisements may be "unacceptable", that is, unfair, misleading, deceptive, offensive, false or socially irresponsible. This research is concerned with consumer behaviour and consumer complaint behaviour specifically in the area of advertising in Australia. The findings indicate that complainants are significantly different from the population at large. This research will afford the regulatory bodies a better understanding of the complaining public as well as educating marketing communications strategists in effectively reaching their target markets.