The relative importance of global agricultural subsidies and tariffs, revisited
- Authors: Anderson, Kym , Corong, Erwin , Strutt, Anna , Valenzuela, Ernesto
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: World Trade Review Vol. 22, no. 3-4 (2023), p. 382-394
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- Description: Over the past three decades, tariff protection to farmers has fallen and partly been replaced by domestic support, whilst support for farmers in some emerging economies has grown. Against that backdrop, this paper provides new estimates of national economic impacts of global agricultural tariffs and domestic supports. Using the latest global economy-wide GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model calibrated to 2017, we simulate (a) the removal of food and agricultural domestic supports and agri-food tariffs and (b) the removal also of tariffs on imports of non-agricultural goods. We find that agricultural support policies are still an important part of the global welfare cost of all goods' trade-restrictive policies (albeit only half as costly as in 2001), and tariffs still dominate the global welfare cost of all farm-support programs. That farm support could be re-instrumented to relieve natural resource and environmental stresses, boost food and nutrition security, and alleviate poverty and income inequality. Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The World Trade Organization.
The wisp of an outline approximate to Storying ontology as environmental inquiry education :-)
- Authors: Jukes, Scott , Clarke, David , McPhie, Jamie
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Environmental Education Vol. 38, no. 3-4 (2022), p. 328-344
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- Description: They thought they felt something, perhaps. The wisp of an outline not distinct enough to trace. Good. They circled it, at times, and at other times found themselves within. As they walked (a sort of walking. Figurative but real. Digital, but here. Over months of events), it curled open and headed in several directions. Foldings in the backcloth that furrowed them along until, as they walked and talked, they felt that perhaps a territory was becoming simultaneously clearer and more obscure, that they might find a way to enquire, even as it meant becoming the folds themselves. As they coalesce, Scott, Jamie, and Dave each come to this project differently (of course). From their own situations, with their own problems and with different voices and ways of writing. We (for the first shift in voice) take post-qualitative inquiry to be infused with a question mark, wary of attempts to make it a 'thing'. Yet here we are, drawn to potentials, to the opening of conditions, to the possibility of something still to come. We hope to make a shift, to realise (as in make manifest) ontology and its everyday performance as synonymous with environmental education. Environmental education as a life. Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Enacting more-than-human pedagogies in response to ecological precarity : an immanent praxiography
- Authors: Jukes, Scott
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Environmental Education Vol. 39, no. 2 (2023), p. 231-233
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What's in a name?: Exploring the implications of eurocentric (re)naming practices of aboriginal and torres strait islander nomenclature in australian education practices
- Authors: Weuffen, Sara , Cahir, David (Fred) , Zeegers, Margaret
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education Vol. 45, no. 2 (2016), p. 181-190
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- Description: The aim of this article is to provide teachers with knowledge of ways in which Eurocentric (re)naming practices inform contemporary pedagogical approaches, while providing understandings pertinent to the mandatory inclusion of the cross-curriculum priority area: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures (Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2015). While we have focused on Eurocentric naming practices, we have also been conscious of names used by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders to name themselves and others and as non-Indigenous Australians we acknowledge that it is not our place to explore these in detail, or offer alternatives. In this article, we have explored the history of nomenclature as it relates to original inhabitants, the connotations of contemporary (re)naming practices in Australian education and discussed the importance of drawing on cultural protocols and engaging local communities for teaching and learning of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures. It is anticipated that discussions arising from this article may open up spaces where teachers may think about ways in which they approach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures.
Sin, cos, exp and log of Liouville numbers
- Authors: Chalebgwa, Taboka , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 108, no. 1 (2023), p. 81-85
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- Description: For any Liouville number, all of the following are transcendental numbers:, and the inverse functions evaluated at of the listed trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, noting that wherever multiple values are involved, every such value is transcendental. This remains true if 'Liouville number' is replaced by 'U-number', where U is one of Mahler's classes of transcendental numbers. © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australian Mathematical Publishing Association Inc.
Erds-liouville sets
- Authors: Chalebgwa, Taboka , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 107, no. 2 (2023), p. 284-289
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- Description: In 1844, Joseph Liouville proved the existence of transcendental numbers. He introduced the set L of numbers, now known as Liouville numbers, and showed that they are all transcendental. It is known that L has cardinality c, the cardinality of the continuum, and is a dense G
Erdos properties of subsets of the Mahler set S
- Authors: Chalebgwa, Taboka , Morris, Sidney
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 108, no. 3 (2023), p. 504-510
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- Description: Erd.os proved that every real number is the sum of two Liouville numbers. A set W of complex numbers is said to have the Erd.os property if every real number is the sum of two members of W. Mahler divided the set of all transcendental numbers into three disjoint classes S, T and U such that, in particular, any two complex numbers which are algebraically dependent lie in the same class. The set of Liouville numbers is a proper subset of the set U and has Lebesgue measure zero. It is proved here, using a theorem of Weil on locally compact groups, that if m ∈ [0,∞), then there exist 2c dense subsets W of S each of Lebesgue measure m such that W has the Erd.os property and no two of these W are homeomorphic. It is also proved that there are 2c dense subsets W of S each of full Lebesgue measure, which have the Erd.os property. Finally, it is proved that there are 2c dense subsets W of S such that every complex number is the sum of two members of W and such that no two of these W are homeomorphic. © 2023 The Author(s).
- Description: Erd.os proved that every real number is the sum of two Liouville numbers. A set W of complex numbers is said to have the Erd.os property if every real number is the sum of two members of W. Mahler divided the set of all transcendental numbers into three disjoint classes S, T and U such that, in particular, any two complex numbers which are algebraically dependent lie in the same class. The set of Liouville numbers is a proper subset of the set U and has Lebesgue measure zero. It is proved here, using a theorem of Weil on locally compact groups, that if m
The trajectory of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms predicts executive function in early childhood
- Authors: Power, Josephine , Watson, Stuart , Chen, Wai , Lewis, Andrew , Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus , Galbally, Megan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Medicine Vol. 53, no. 16 (2023), p. 7953-7963
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- Description: Background Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not been explored systematically. Methods A prospective pregnancy cohort of 197 women and their children was studied to determine whether maternal depression diagnosis and the trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum predicts child EF at age 4 (measured using the preschool age psychiatric assessment, NEPSY-II, and Shape School task) using latent growth curve modeling. Indirect effects of smoking, alcohol, and antidepressant use were also formally tested. Results Increasing maternal perinatal depressive symptoms over time predicted more inattentive symptoms, poorer switching, and motor inhibition, but not cognitive inhibition. When adjusted for multiple comparison, and after accounting for maternal cognition and education, the association with child inattentive symptoms remained significant. However, diagnosed depression did not predict child EF outcomes. Prenatal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and antidepressants also did not mediate pathways from depressive symptoms to EF outcomes. Our findings were limited by sample size and statistical power to detect outcome effects of smaller effect size. Conclusions This study suggests that increasing MDSs over the perinatal period is associated with poorer EF outcomes in children at age 4 - independent of prenatal smoking, drinking, or antidepressant use. Depressive chronicity, severity, and postpartum influences may play crucial roles in determining childhood outcomes of EF. Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.