Growth and element uptake by salt-sensitive crops under combined nacl and cd stresses
- Authors: Ondrasek, Gabrijel , Rengel, Zed , Maurović, Nada , Kondres, Nada , Filipović, Vilim , Savić, Radovan , Blagojević, Boško , Tanaskovik, Vjekoslav , Gergichevich, Cristian , Romić, Davor
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Plants (Basel) Vol. 10, no. 6 (2021), p. 1202
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: To test an assumption that organic soil can ameliorate nutritional disorders associated with metal and salinity stresses, we exposed salt-sensitive strawberry and lettuce to four salinity (0–60 mM NaCl) and three contamination (0.3–5 mg Cd/kg) rates in peat (pHH2O = 5.5). The results showed that, even at 20 mM NaCl, salinity stress exerted a dominant effect on rhizosphere biogeochemistry and physiological processes, inducing leaf-edge burns, chlorosis/necrosis, reducing vegetative growth in crops at ≥40 mM, NaCl mortality was induced in strawberry. Signifiacntly decreased K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na concentration ratios with raising salinity were confirmed in all tissues. The combined CdxNaCl stresses (vs. control) increased leaf Cd accumulation (up to 42-fold in lettuce and 23-fold in strawberry), whereas NaCl salinity increased the accumulation of Zn (>1.5-fold) and Cu (up to 1.2-fold) in leaves. Lettuce accumulated the toxic Cd concentration (up to 12.6 mg/kg) in leaves, suggesting the strong root-to-shoot transport of Cd. In strawberry Cd, concentration was similar (and sub-toxic) in fruits and leaves, 2.28 and 1.86 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting lower Cd root-to-shoot translocation, and similar Cd mobility in the xylem and phloem. Additionally, the accumulation of Cd in strawberry fruits was exacerbated at high NaCl exposure (60 mM) compared with lower NaCl concentrations. Thus, in salinized, slightly acidic and organically rich rhizosphere, pronounced organo- and/or chloro-complexation likely shifted metal biogeochemistry toward increased mobility and phytoavailability (with metal adsorption restricted due to Na+ oversaturation of the caton exchange complex in the substrate), confirming the importance of quality water and soils in avoiding abiotic stresses and producing non-contaminated food.
Multi-objective optimisation to manage trade-offs in water quality and quantity of complex water resource system
- Authors: Dey, Sayani , Barton, Andrew , Bagirov, Adil , Kandra, Harpreet , Wilson, Kym
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2021, HWRS 2021: Digital Water: Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2021, Virtual online, 31 August-1 September 2021, HWRS 2021: Digital Water: Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2021 p. 465-480
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Water of adequate quality and quantity is the key to health and integrity of the environment and fundamental to good water supply. Achieving water quality and quantity objectives can conflict and has become more complicated with challenges like, climate change, growing populations and changed land uses. Therefore, a multi-objective optimisation strategy is required for achieving optimal water quality and quantity outcomes from a water resources system. This study uses a multi-objective optimisation approach to illustrate the trade-offs occurring when water quantity and quality in a reservoir system are optimised. Taylors Lake, part of the Grampians Reservoir System in Western Victoria, Australia was chosen as the case study for this research as it is quite complex and includes many contemporary water resources challenges seen around the world, such as high turbidity and salinity. The objective functions are set in a way to maximise the water quantity available for supply, while minimising the deviation of quality parameters from the accepted limits. The water system is modelled using eWater Source® modelling platform, while optimisation is undertaken using NSGA-II optimisation technique. Daily time step data over a ten-year period was used in this work. Various optimisation runs were performed with different population sizes and generations to seek out the best trade-off curve. The optimisation results indicate trade-offs between salinity, turbidity, and quantity. Key findings for this case study show that through optimisation, stored water never exceeded 19,000 ML even though the storage capacity was 27,000 ML indicating a significant loss of water to improve quality, or alternatively, a potential asset re-design opportunity.
A review of cascade water supply systems
- Authors: Pathberiyage, Githmi , Barton, Andrew , Kandra, Harpreet , Dassanayake, Kithsiri
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 40th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2022, Brisbane, Australia, 30 November to 2 December 2022, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2022 p. 679-694
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cascade Water Supply Systems (CWSS) are a type of rural water supply system used in many parts of the world such as India, China, Sri Lanka, South America, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabi, Korea, Peru, Egypt, Rome, Turkey, Greece, and Thailand. They are also known as Village Tank Cascade Systems (VTCS) & Cascade Systems (CS). CWSS is typically designed to collect runoff from upper forested catchment areas to provide to downstream areas and consists of a network of linearly inter-connected 'tanks' or storages, with the supply of water often supplemented from additional catchments downstream, along with groundwater resources and diversions from other sources such as rivers. As water flows from the upper regions to the downstream segments of the system, water is utilised for various purposes such as irrigation, drinking, bathing, and other household activities. The inflows and outflows result in changes in water quality in different stretches of these systems. This paper reviews the international literature surrounding CWSS, with a particular focus on water quality and associated issues. It has been found that despite the significant social, environmental, and economic importance of CWSS, and their existence for many centuries, there is limited information on water quality characteristics over space and time. Pressures such as population growth, intensification of agricultural practices, and changing climate, affect these systems as well. This review reveals that water quality is comparatively better in the upstream sections of CWSSs and progressively worsens downstream, with the data showing that the water quality in downstream systems clearly exceeds the WHO drinking and irrigation water standards. © Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2022. All rights reserved.
Diatom index of Galela Lake, Halmahera, Indonesia in relation to human activities
- Authors: Soeprobowati, Tri , Saraswati, Tyas , Jumari, Jumari , Sari, Kenanga , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 20, no. 7 (2023), p. 7707-7722
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Diatoms, silicious microalgae, have been used successfully as bioindicators of water quality assessment in aquatic ecosystems. Diatoms have a degree of tolerance to the water quality and some diatoms are a good indicator for several water quality variables. Diatom indices have been developed to assess river water quality, mostly in Europe. This study aims to apply diatom indices developed in Europe for the tropical lake of Galela adjacent to residential areas influenced by human activities. Galela Lake is one of the biggest lakes in Halmahera Utara, Indonesia with its main functions being domestic water supply, irrigation, fisheries, and tourism. Human activities have impacted the area around the lake. The 90-cm and 85-cm long sediment cores were collected using a piston corer from Site 1 and 2, respectively. Sediment samples were sliced every 5 cm, separated from sediment by adding HCl and H2O2. The diatom valves were identified under a microscope with 1,000 × magnification. The water quality status of each layer was inferred with diatom indices performed using OMNIDIA software version 6.0. Forty-nine and 63 diatoms species were identified from Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. The number of species and diversity of diatoms was higher in the lower layers than those in the upper layers. The preserved diatom assemblages reflect past physical and chemical water quality. Generic Diatom Index and Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index provided the best evidence for change in Galela Lake—they integrated 70–100% of the diatom taxa from the sediment core samples. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.
Hydro-climatic consequences on zooplankton diversity and abundance in perennial Vavuniya reservoir and seasonal Thandikulam reservoir in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka
- Authors: Kottage, Chamali , Patrick, Anton
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology Vol. 84, no. 1 (2023), p. 7-13
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background Zooplankton exhibit strong responses for minute changes in their habitat. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the impacts of hydro-climatic factors and related water quality variables on zooplankton abundance and diversity in the perennial Vavuniya reservoir (VR) and seasonal Thandikulam reservoir (TR), Vavuniya, Sri Lanka. Results Zooplankton diversity and abundance showed some peculiarities between seasonal and perennial reservoirs under varying hydro-climatic factors and water quality parameters during wet and dry seasons (July 2018–February 2019). There were 14 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera and 5 Copepod species in VR, and in TR, 12 Rotifera, 2 Cladocera and 5 Copepod species were identified. Although these reservoirs are located at proximity (2.48 km), the responses via zooplankton community structure toward environmental factors have been shown uniqueness to some extent. Significant negative correlation was observed for increasing NO 3 - ( p = 0.044) and PO 4 3 - ( p = 0.010) concentrations with zooplankton diversity in perennial VR however, only PO 4 3 - concentration showed a significantly ( p = 0.042) negative correlation in seasonal TR. Interestingly, total zooplankton abundance showed significant negative correlations with NO 3 - ( p = 0.013) and PO 4 3 - ( p = 0.038) in perennial VR however, insignificant negative correlation was observed in seasonal TR. Copepods make up the majority of total zooplankton abundance in both reservoirs and were significantly affected by increased atmospheric temperature. Cladocera abundance in VR was highly sensitive ( p = 0.032 r =