Tourist visitation to Ebenezer Aboriginal mission station, Victoria, Australia, 1859-1904: A case study
- Authors: Clark, Ian , McRae-Williams, Eva
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism, Culture and Communication Vol. 13, no. 2 (2014), p. 113-123
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- Description: This article investigates the phenomenon of tourist visitation to an Aboriginal Mission Station in the Wimmera region of Victoria, Australia, during its operation from 1859 to 1904. It provides an overview of the history of tourism to Aboriginal missions in Victoria and presents the first detailed study of tourism to the Ebenezer Mission site. It shows that in contrast with other mission stations in Victoria, where tourism was encouraged, the Moravian missionaries discouraged visitation and deliberately selected a remote location in northwest Victoria to ensure their isolation. Nevertheless, a limited number of visitors were welcomed on to the station and their accounts are presented in this case study. Copyright Cognizant Communication Corporation (CCC)
Tower Hill State Game Reserve
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Justin, Lisa
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia p. 153-181
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'I suppose this will end in our having to live like the blacks for a few months': reinterpreting the history of Burke and Wills'
- Authors: Cahir, David (Fred) , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Aboriginal Story of Burke and Wills: Forgotten Narratives p. 301-303
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- Description: The Aboriginal story of the Burke and Wills Expedition and relief expeditions is at once multi-faceted and complex with many interconnected threads that have rarely been teased out in historical analyses. In many respects the Aboriginal story has been overshadowed by the tragedy and misfortune of the expedition in which seven men, including Burke and Wills, died. Yet the exclusion of Aboriginal perspectives is a structural matter, as epitomised in Moorehead’s analysis. The description of central Australia as a ‘ghastly blank’ (Moorehead 1963, p. 1) where the land was ‘absolutely untouched and unknown, and except for the blacks, the most retarded people on earth, there was no sign of any previous civilization whatever’, is representative of the exclusion of Aboriginal people from the narrative and if Aboriginal people are discussed, it is often in racist tones. As Allen (2011, p. 245) rightly pointed out:
Death of a hutkeeper near Geelong in 1840: A new investigative approach
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Kicinski, Beth , Arthur, Teigan
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Victorian Historical Journal Vol. , no. 84 (2013), p. 1
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- Description: In February 1840, Assistant Protector Charles Sievwright investigated the murder of a hutkeeper- a ticket of leave man (a parolee restricted to a particular geographical location) named Michael 'Micky' Wilson - at an outlying hut on the Derwent Company's Weatherboard Station near Geelong. Four years later, murder was included in an official return sent from Superindent La Trobe's office of the number of European settlers killed by the Aborigibes in the Port Phillip district since its occupation. The death received little attention in historical studies until it was listed in a 1974 publication of a table of suspected deaths of Europeans at the hands of Aborigines. This case study highlights the often discontinuous chain of evidence underpinning historical interpretations and demonstrates how earlier conflation of cultural collisions and frontier violence - in explorations of the nature of murder in Victoria's early colonial history - may be overcome.
Exploring is a killing game only to those who do not know anything about it: William Lockhart Morton and other contemporary views about the Victorian exploring expedition and its fate.
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Aboriginal story of Burke and Wills: Forgotten narratives p. 47-60
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From inns to hotels : The evolution of public houses in Colonial Victoria
- Authors: O'Mahony, Barry , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Vol. 25, no. 2 (2013), p. 172-186
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- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine travellers' experiences with public houses in Colonial Victoria, to determine how the hospitality industry in the colony was transformed from primitive hospitality provision to sophisticated, well managed hotels in a relatively short time. Design/methodology/approach: The article reviews public records, newspapers of the period, eye-witness accounts and key texts to chart the development of the hospitality industry in Colonial Victoria and to demonstrate how primitive inns became modern hotels within the space of three decades. Findings: This paper highlights how the discovery of gold in 1851 prompted an unprecedented influx of travellers whose expectations of hospitality provision led to the transformation of existing hostelries from crude and primitive inns to modern, sophisticated hotels. Research limitations/implications: The research is confined to Colonial Victoria and therefore, not necessarily a reflection of the colonies in general or general trends in hospitality provision at that time. Practical implications: Tracing the roots of hospitality provision and the traditions of hospitality management can provide a greater understanding of modern hospitality practice. As O'Gorman argues "[...] with historical literature contributing to informing industry practices today and tomorrow: awareness of the past always helps to guide the future". Originality/value: This paper adds to the body of knowledge in relation to the roots and evolution of commercial hospitality. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Description: 2003010821
Goulburn River Aboriginal Protectorate : a history of the Goulburn River Aboriginal Protectorate Station at Murchison Victoria, 1840-1853.
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book
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- Description: "The central station of the Goulburn River Aboriginal Protectorate District at what is now Murchison, which operated from 1840 until 1853, is a significant post-contact Aboriginal site on the Goulburn River. It was the focus of interaction between Aboriginal communities, particularly the Daungwurrung, Ngurai-illam wurrung, and Yorta Yorta peoples, government officials and settlers during the early years of contact in the Port Phillip District. The site continued to hold significance to Aboriginal people after the 1850s, linking pre- and post-contact histories and geographies. Through a meticulous analysis of official correspondence and other protectorate records, private journals, and reminiscences, this study reveals that the Murchison locality is one of the most important historic Aboriginal places in regional Victoria. " --cover.
The Aboriginal contribution to the expedition, observed through Germanic eyes
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Aboriginal story of Burke and Wills: Forgotten Narratives p. 81-111
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The aboriginal legacy of the Burke and Wills expedition: An introduction
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Aboriginal story of Burke and Wills: Forgotten narratives p. 1-14
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The Aboriginal Story of Burke and Wills : Forgotten narratives
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP110100088
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The first major study of Aboriginal cross-cultural exchanges with the Burke and Wills expedition of 1860-61.
The historic importance of the dingo in aboriginal society in Victoria (Australia) : A reconsideration of the archival record
- Authors: Cahir, David (Fred) , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Anthrozoos Vol. 26, no. 2 (2013), p. 185-198
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- Description: Dingoes feature prominently in Australian Aboriginal Creation stories and are also widely regarded as having an intricate relationship with Aboriginal people. A large volume of anthropological work on the complex relationship between Australian Aboriginals and dingoes has determined a considerable uniformity in the human-dingo relationship across northern Australia. Whilst there are many parallels between northern and southern Aboriginal Australia, this reconsideration of the archival record explores the hitherto rarely considered evidence of the relationship between Aboriginal people, British colonizers in Victoria (south-eastern Australia), and dingoes. The data provide an insight into the unique relationship, which indicates some striking differences between northern and southern Aboriginal Australia; especially the utilitarian and symbolic significance of dingoes for Aboriginal communities in south-eastern Australia and how dingoes were used by both Aboriginal people and the colonial usurpers in a bid to spatially dislocate each other. © ISAZ 2013.
- Description: 2003011040
The members of the Victorian exploring expedition and their prior experiences of Aboriginal people
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Aboriginal Story of Burke and Wills: Forgotten narratives p. 15-46
- Full Text: false
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Aboriginal languages in North-east Victoria- The status of 'Waveru' reconsidered
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues Vol. 14, no. 4 (2011), p.
- Full Text: false
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- Description: 2003009098
Birrdhawal language and territory : A reconsideration
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Aboriginal Studies Vol. 2011, no. 1 (2011), p. 34-50
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- Description: This paper offers a fundamental critique and re-evaluation of the historical sources and more recent reconstructions which have been used to determine the language area of the Birrdhawal people of far eastern Victoria. In relation to Birrdhawal tribal territory, this paper addresses three critical issues: first, whether the Birrdhawal language is related to the Ganai language, is part of the Yuin language cluster or is a standalone distinct language; second, whether or not their country included any coastline or was landlocked; and, third, whether or not any of their country was subsumed into that of the Krauatungalung through land succession as argued by Wesson (1994, 2000, 2002). The paper offers a comparative and quantitative analysis of vocabulary from the study area and critiques previous research into constituent local group organisation.
Isabella Lucy Bird's visit to Victoria in 1872: The forgotten tourist
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 82, no. 2 (2011), p. 194-211
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- Description: Isabella Lucy Bird, the English travel writer visited Victoria and spent eight weeks touring around Melbourne and western Victoria. In 1877, she published a nine-part account of her visit, The Leisure Hour.
- Description: 2003009005
The convincing ground aboriginal massacre at Portland Bay, Victoria: fact or fiction?
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aboriginal History Vol. 35, no. (2011), p. 79-109
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- Description: In 2005 the so-called 'Aboriginal History wars' moved from Tasmania to a new convincing ground in Victoria. Michael Connor contested the historiography behind an alleged Aboriginal massacre at a site known as the 'Convincing Ground', at Allestree, on the coast some ten kilometres north of Portland. The site came to public attention in January 2005 when Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Officers halted bulldozing and development work that had begun as part of a proposed coastal residential development. It subsequently became the subject of a Federal Court Native Title case and a Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal hearing. The dispute with the residential developer was settled in February 2007 when it was agreed that an area of land that encompasses the Convincing Ground would be set aside as a reservation.
- Description: 2003008944
Three nineteenth century colonial travellers to Victoria, Australia, and their preference for Aboriginal place names - An exploration
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Onoma Vol. 46, no. (2011), p. 151-165
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- Description: This paper presents the results of research into a literary triptych of accounts of travelling through colonial Victoria, Australia that cover the period from 1839 until 1872. In particular, a shared interest in Aboriginal toponymy is highlighted despite the fact that all three writers did not share a common interest in Aboriginal peoples themselves. The tourist gaze and avowed interest in the Aboriginal toponymic landscape is moderated by the dissonance felt by many colonial settlers who often sought to erase Indigenous names by transplanting British place names. © Onoma. All rights reserved.
Understanding Ngamadjidi: Aboriginal perceptions of Europeans in nineteenth century Western Victoria
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Australian Colonial History Vol. 13, no. 1 (2011), p. 105-124
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- Description: This article considers how Aboriginal people in western Victoria understood the arrival of Europeans, particularly how Aboriginal groups in that region reportedly recognised Europeans as deceased clan members who had returned to life. According to R.H. Mathews, the belief in transmigration or reincarnation was widespread during the early years of European settlement, being 'observed in every part of Australia where investigations have been made'. In western Victoria these resuscitated people were known as ngamadjidj (generally translated by linguists as 'stranger' or 'white man'). Tony Swain argues that the classification of Whites as deceased Aboriginal people have been misunderstood as merely 'a quaint instance of an aboriginal failure to comprehend novel events' reflecting a general poverty of scholarship in the area. This article will consider numerous first-hand accounts by whites identified as ngamadjidj, as well some of the more recent anthropological and historical comments on the subject, in order to make observations on what this phenomenon tells us about Aboriginal and European interpretations of one another, and how it shaped racial relationships.
- Description: 2003008921
Aboriginal Language Areas in Northeast Victoria: 'Mogullumbidj' Reconsidered
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 81, no. 2 (2010), p.
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- Description: This article focuses on Aboriginal language area reconstruction in north-east Victoria, particularly Mogullumbidj, one of the most problematical areas in Victoria. It shows that a careful analysis of primary sources is still capable of generating fresh insights and removing some of the confusion that surrounds language area reconstruction. The re-analysis of primary references shows that none of the earlier delineations, such as Tindale, Barwick, Clark and Wesson, has integrity. The resolution of the significance of the label 'Mogullumbidj" was found by examining the reaction of southwest Victorian aboriginal peoples to the Tasmanian Aboriginal man who accompanied Robinson on his 1841 journey through their lands. This revealed that the word was descriptive and not a linguistic lab
Colonial tourism in Victoria, Australia, in the 1840s : George augustus Robinson as a nascent tourist
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Tourism Research Vol. 12, no. 5 (2010), p. 561-573
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- Description: Using the private journals of George Augustus Robinson as a lens, this paper is concerned with generating insights into the emergence of tourism in colonial Victoria, during what Towner calls its 'tourism era of discovery'. Robinson was the Chief Protector of Aborigines and is generally regarded as the most travelled man in Victoria in the 1840s. Robinson was reconstructed as a 'nascent tourist' whose gaze was mediated by British conventions of the picturesque and panoramic, confirming that new world tourism in Australia in the nineteenth century is rendered in old world paradigms. The role played by private landholders in creating 'nascent private tourism' and the nexus between explorers, travellers and tourists were also highlighted. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.