Body-worn versus bell-and-pad alarm device for the management of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children : a randomized controlled trial
- Authors: Peck, Blake , Peck, Bronwyn , Harvey, Jack , Green, Andrea , Svedas, Kerrie , Whitaker, Shirley , Nethercote, Mark , Shea, Rosemarie
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society Vol. 47, no. 5 (2020), p. 507-512
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- Description: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of bell-and-pad alarm therapy to body-worn alarm therapy for the management of monosymptomatic enuresis in children 6 to 16 years of age. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, adaptive clinical control trial. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: The sample comprised 86 children who attended a continence clinic for treatment of monosymptomatic enuresis and met the criteria for enuresis alarm therapy as per International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) guidelines. Subjects were randomly allocated to an experimental group (body-worn alarm, n = 41) or a control group (bell-and-pad alarm, n = 45). The study setting was a single-site specialist continence service in regional Victoria, Australia. Treatment was administered in the child's home. METHODS: Alarm therapy was administered by the child and/or parent for an initial period of 8 weeks at which time the child underwent a review with the continence nurse specialist. If the child had achieved 14 consecutive dry nights, the therapy was deemed successful and ceased. Children who had not become dry continued therapy for a further 8 weeks up to a maximum of 16 weeks, with a final review was instituted. Each child kept a diary for the duration of alarm therapy to report on frequency of wet/dry nights, times of alarm, response to alarm, and response to sensation to void (without alarm). The 2 types of alarm devices were compared with respect to categorical variables using dichotomous cross-tabulations and χ tests of independence based on the most positive outcome versus the other outcomes. RESULTS: Dryness in accordance with the criteria outlined by the ICCS guidelines was achieved in 18 children (43.9%) in the body-worn alarm group versus 29 children (64.4%) in the routine (bell-and-pad) group (P = .056). The bell-and-pad alarm performed better on 7 out of the 9 indicators, including the primary outcome measure of the child attained dryness for 14 nights or more, nightly alarm use, alarm woke child, alarm woke parent (P = .022), false (positive) alarms (P = .039), child turned alarm off and went back to sleep (P = .003), and child was compliant with alarm use. The body-worn device produced higher proportions of the most positive outcomes for 2 of the 9 indicators: relapse (P = .076) and false (negative) nonalarms (P = .066). CONCLUSIONS: Study findings suggests that the bell-and-pad alarm is preferable to the body-worn alarm. Additional research is recommended using other body-worn alarm devices across a larger population in order to establish the more definitive findings needed for clinical decision-making.
Can you swim? Self-report and actual swimming competence among young adults in Ballarat, Australia
- Authors: Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer , McElroy, G. Keith , Harvey, Jack , Moran, Kevin
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education Vol. 6, no. 2 (2012), p. 136-148
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- Description: This paper reports the Australian findings in an international study comparing self-reported and actual swimming and aquatic skills of young adults. Physical Education and Sports Sciences students (n = 263) completed the "Can You Swim?" self-report survey and practical skills assessment, unaware that the practical tests replicated survey items. Relationships for comparisons between practical tests and their matched survey item were weak, indicating participants had inaccurate perceptions of their own swimming skills. Typically, they underestimated their competence in terms of distance and fundamental aquatic skills. Understanding of what constitutes different levels of swimming ability was poor; for example, most participants identified as average or good to excellent swimmers, but more than half of self-identified average swimmers and 20% of good to excellent swimmers estimated they could complete < 100 m of continuous swimming. The implications of study findings for drowning prevention and the need for further research are discussed. © 2012 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- Description: 2003010667
Capacity of women to improve physical performance: A review: Report 13
- Authors: Payne, Warren , VanHamond, Mark , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical employment standards project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
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- Description: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project 1.1.1 Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards
Changes in sport and physical activity participation for adolescent females : A longitudinal study
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Sawyer, Neroli , Craike, Melinda , Symons, Caroline , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bmc Public Health Vol. 16, no. (2016), p. 1-7
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- Description: Background: Participation in sport and physical activity is reported to decline during adolescence, particularly for females. However we do not have a clear understanding of changes in the context (i.e., modes and settings) of participation throughout adolescence. This study investigated longitudinal changes in physical activity participation and the specific modes and settings of physical activity, together with cross-sectional comparisons, for two age cohorts of female adolescents. Methods: Survey of 729 adolescent girls (489 recruited in Year 7 and 243 in Year 11). Participation in eight different modes/settings was reported. PA was measured using 24-h recall diary and metabolic equivalent weighted energy expenditure (MET-min) in Leisure Time Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (LTMVPA) on the previous day was calculated. Results: There were no significant changes in duration or total MET-min of LTMVPA on previous day. However, there were significant changes in the modes/settings of participation across time. Participation in school physical education rose during early adolescence before decreasing significantly, and participation in competitive sport and club sport significantly decreased over time; however there were increases in non-competitive forms of physical activity. Conclusions: Overall levels of physical activity did not significantly decrease over adolescence, which is positive for physical health. However, the transition from structured sport to non-organised physical activity may effect social and psychological health, which needs to be further examined.
Choking under pressure : The role of fear of negative evaluation
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Harvey, Jack , Janelle, Christopher
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychology of Sport and Exercise Vol.13 , no.1 (2012), p.60-68
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- Description: Objective: Conceptual models and predictors of choking under pressure (i.e., choking) have been proposed, but the role of fear of negative evaluation remains largely unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the degree to which fear of negative evaluation (FNE) may predispose athletes to choking. Design and method: 138 Experienced basketball players participated in a pre-selection stage, which involved completing a set of questionnaires that included the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation-II (BFNE-II) questionnaire. Based on the scores from the BFNE-II, 34 athletes, categorized as either low- or high-FNE, were selected to perform basketball shots from five different areas of the court under low- and high-pressure phases. Shooting performance was evaluated based on the total number of successful shots out of 50 attempts. Results: Results indicated that the high-FNE athletes displayed a significant increase in anxiety and a significant decrease in performance from low- to high-pressure phases. The low-FNE group exhibited only minimal changes in anxiety throughout the study and was able to maintain performance under pressure. Further mediation analysis investigating significant difference in performance between FNE groups within the high-pressure phase indicated that that cognitive anxiety was a partial mediator between FNE group and performance, but somatic anxiety was not. Conclusions: Findings extend the existing choking literature by providing empirical support for the role of FNE in the context of the self-presentation model of choking. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Cognitive behavior therapy for older adults with insomnia and depression : A randomized controlled trial in community mental health services
- Authors: Sadler, Paul , McLaren, Suzanne , Klein, Britt , Harvey, Jack , Jenkins, Megan
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 41, no. 8 (2018), p. 1-12
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- Description: Study Objectives: To investigate whether cognitive behavior therapy was effective for older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression in a community mental health setting, and explore whether an advanced form of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia produced better outcomes compared to a standard form of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia. Methods: An 8-week randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted within community mental health services, Victoria, Australia. Seventy-two older adults (56% female, M age 75 ± 7 years) with diagnosed comorbid insomnia and depression participated. Three conditions were tested using a group therapy format: cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I, standard), cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia plus positive mood strategies (CBT-I+, advanced), psychoeducation control group (PCG, control). The primary outcomes were insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index) and depression severity (Geriatric Depression Scale). Primary and secondary measures were collected at pre (week 0), post (week 8), and follow-up (week 20). Results: CBT-I and CBT-I+ both generated significantly greater reductions in insomnia and depression severity compared to PCG from pre to post (p < .001), which were maintained at follow-up. Although the differences between outcomes of the two treatment conditions were not statistically significant, the study was not sufficiently powered to detect either superiority of one treatment or equivalence of the two treatment conditions. Conclusion: CBT-I and CBT-I+ were both effective at reducing insomnia and depression severity for older adults. Mental health services that deliver treatment for comorbid insomnia with cognitive behavior therapy may improve recovery outcomes for older adults with depression. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au; Trial ID: ACTRN12615000067572; Date Registered: December 12, 2014.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults experiencing insomnia and depression in a community mental health setting: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- Authors: Sadler, Paul , McLaren, Suzanne , Klein, Britt , Jenkins, Megan , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Trials Vol. 16, no. 1 (2015), p.1-12
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- Description: Background: Cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a well-established treatment; however, the evidence is largely limited to homogenous samples. Although emerging research has indicated that CBT-I is also effective for comorbid insomnia, CBT-I has not been tested among a complex sample of older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression. Furthermore, no study has explored whether modifying CBT-I to target associated depressive symptoms could potentially enhance sleep and mood outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to report a protocol designed to test whether an advanced form of CBT for insomnia and depression (CBT-I-D) is more effective at reducing insomnia and depressive symptoms compared to a standard CBT-I and psychoeducation control group (PCG) for older adults in a community mental health setting. Methods/Design: We aim to recruit 150 older adults with comorbid insomnia who have presented to community mental health services for depression. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated via block/cluster randomisation to one of three group therapy conditions: CBT-I, CBT-I-D, or PCG. Participants who receive CBT-I will only practice strategies designed to improve their sleep, whereas participants who receive CBT-I-D will practice additional strategies designed to also improve their mood. This trial will implement a mixed-methods design involving quantitative outcome measures and qualitative focus groups. The primary outcome measures are insomnia and depression severity, and secondary outcomes are anxiety, hopelessness, beliefs about sleep, comorbid sleep conditions, and health. Outcomes will be assessed at pre-intervention (week 0), post-intervention (week 8), and 3-month follow-up (week 20). Discussion: This CBT study protocol has been designed to address comorbid insomnia and depression for older adults receiving community mental health services. The proposed trial will determine whether CBT-I is more effective for older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression compared to a PCG. It will also establish whether an advanced form of CBT-I-D generates greater reductions in insomnia and depression severity compared to standard CBT-I. The results from the proposed trial are anticipated to have important clinical implications for older adults, researchers, therapists, and community mental health services. Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN: 12615000067572 , Date Registered 12 December 2014. © 2015 Sadler et al.
Comparison of surface temperatures of different synthetic turf systems and natural grass: Have advances in synthetic turf technology made a difference
- Authors: Petrass, Lauren , Twomey, Dara , Harvey, Jack , Otago, Leonie , Lerossignol, Peter
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Vol. 229
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Few studies have considered surface temperatures on the most recent synthetic turf products, and no empirical evidence is available on the more technologically advanced cool climate synthetic products which claim to reduce surface temperature. This article compared surface temperatures of typical third-generation synthetic turf with a cool climate product and also compared the synthetic turf products to natural grass to determine whether synthetic turf reacts differently to environmental factors and hence may increase heat-related health risks for participants. Surface temperatures were significantly associated with ambient temperature (F3,376 = 116.02, p < 0.001), relative humidity (F1,376 = 10.15, p = 0.028), and wind (F1,376 = 1.45, p = 0.004) having smaller effects. After adjustment for covariates, mean surface temperatures were significantly lower (40.79 °C) on a cool climate field compared to a typical third-generation field (44.91 °C), although both synthetic fields were considerably warmer than natural grass at the same venue (by 12.46 °C at the metropolitan venue and 22.15 °C at the regional venue). These findings provide initial insight into the potential value of cool climate products and will aid both design and development of synthetic turf products for the future. © IMechE 2014.
Data mining of the Australian adverse drug reactions database : A comparison of Bayesian and other statistical indicators
- Authors: Harvey, Jack , Turville, Christopher , Barty, Simon
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Transactions in Operational Research Vol. 11, no. (2004), p. 419-433
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- Description: The Australian adverse drug reactions database is derived from 140,000 reports over 30 years, including many instances of multiple drugs and multiple reactions. There are several thousand different drugs and reactions, and so the drug-reaction table is large and sparse. To aid rapid expert assessment of new reports, Bayesian approaches are being compared with other statistical methods for the re-evaluation of historical data and to provide early indications of emerging trends. Bayesian methods provide more balanced detection criteria than either descriptive statistics such as relative risks, which are subject to large sampling variation for rare co-occurrences, or statistical significance levels which are conversely weighted towards the most common co-occurrences. In this paper the various methods are reviewed and some indicative early results are presented.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000879
Demographic characteristics and type/frequency of physical activity participation in a large sample of 21,603 Australian people
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Charity, Melanie , Nelson, Rayoni
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bmc Public Health Vol. 18, no. 1 (2018), p. 1-10
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- Description: Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is imperative for good health and there are many different ways that people can be active. There are a range of health, PA and sport policies aiming to get more people active more often. Much research has been directed towards understanding the determinants of inactivity and PA. However, it is important to understand the differences not only between inactive and active people, but also between activity contexts (for example participation in sport compared to non-sport activities), in order to align policies and strategies to engage market segments who have different participation preferences and accessibility. The aim of this study was to investigate demographic correlates of the propensity to be physically inactive or active within different contexts, and at different levels of frequency of participation. Methods: Data from the Australian Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey was used for this analysis. This included information on the type, frequency and duration of leisure-time PA for Australians aged 15 years and over. Reported PA participation in the two-week period prior to the survey was used to allocate respondents into three categories: no PA, non-sport PA only, and sport. Subsequently, sport participants were further categorised according to frequency of participation. Potential demographic correlates included sex, age, education, employment, marital status, language spoken, having a condition that restricts life, children, and socio-economic status. Results: The survey included 21,603 people. Bivariate chi-squared analysis showed that there were significant differences between the profiles of leisure-time PA participation across all demographic variables, except the variable languages spoken at home. Ordinal regression analysis showed that the same demographic variables were also correlated with the propensity to engage in more organised and competitive PA contexts, and to participate more frequently. Conclusions: People who were female, older, married or had a disability were less likely to participate in sport. Therefore when designing PA opportunities to engage those who are inactive, particularly those that are organised by a club or group, we need to ensure that appropriate strategies are developed, and tailored sport products offered, to ensure greater opportunities for increased diversity of participation in sport.
Developing sport for girls and adolescents
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Casey, Meghan , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Developing Sport for Women and Girls p. 19-31
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- Description: This chapter presents and discusses sport participation trends among female children and adolescents, and investigates the key drivers for female participation in sport across the Individual, Social, Organisational and Environmental domains of the socio-ecological model. Sport participation rates differ according to many factors, including gender, age and residential location of participants, and the types of sport programmes, and other activities. However, consistently females participate in sport at lower rates and are more likely to drop-out of sport than males. Recently opportunities for females to play a sport of their choice have increasingly become available. Sport policies and investment, specifically targeting growth of female participation in sport, have increasingly been observed. However, there are still barriers which limit female participation in sport. At the population level, strategic policy and significant investment will be required to increase capacity of facilities and club volunteers, as well as continued cultural change regarding gender equity. © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Emma Sherry and Katie Rowe.
Different methods of training load quantification and their relationship to injury and illness in elite Australian football
- Authors: Veugelers, Kristopher , Young, Warren , Fahrner, Brendan , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. , no. (2015), p.
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- Description: Objectives: To compare different methods of training load (TL) quantification and their relationship to injury and illness in elite Australian footballers. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Forty-five elite Australian footballers (mean ± standard deviation: age = 23.4 ± 3.8 years) from one elite club participated in this 15 week pre-season study. TL was quantified every session for each individual using four different methods involving rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Two of these methods enabled the quantification of TL for all exercise modalities whilsttwo were applicable only to outdoor field activities. One- and two-weekly cumulative TL was investigated against injury and illness data using a logistic regression model where the low TL group was considered as the reference group. Results: A general trend existed across all TL methods which suggested lower odds of injury and illness in high TL groups. The one-week RPE (all) and one-week RPE x Duration (all) methods detected reduced odds ofinjury inhighTL groups comparedto low TL groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.199–0.202). Similarly,the one-week RPE (field) method identified lower illness odds in the high TL groups (p < 0.05, OR = 0.083–0.182). Conclusions: Higher TL appeared to provide a protective effect against both injury and illness. The inclusion of duration in the quantification of TL via RPE did not improve the ability of RPE to predict change in odds of injury or illness. © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Does sports club participation contribute to health-related quality of life?
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Brown, Wendy , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Vol. 42, no. 5 (2010), p. 1022-1028
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- Description: Does Sports Club Participation Contribute to Health-Related Quality of Life? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 1022-1028, 2010. Given the social nature of participation in sport, we hypothesized that club sports participants would have greater well-being and quality of life than participants in other forms of physical activity (PA). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in women who participate in three contrasting forms of PA: club sport, gym activities, and walking. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the relationship between type of PA setting and measures of health-related quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) and life satisfaction in 818 women living in rural Victoria, Australia, in 2007. Data were also compared with those from a normative sample of 2345 women. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders (age,! education, marital status, children aged <16 yr, perceived financial stress, and level of recreational PA), four of the eight SF-36 subscales, the SF-36 mental health component summary score, and life satisfaction were significantly higher in the club sport group than that in the other groups. Conclusion: Although cross-sectional research cannot establish causal links, the results suggest that participation in club sport may enhance the health benefits of PA.
- Description: 2003008119
Dose-response of women's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and life satisfaction to physical activity
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 11, no. 2 (2014), p. 330-338
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- Description: Background: To examine the dose-response relationship between health related quality of life (HRQoL) and life satisfaction (outcomes) and duration of recreational physical activity (exposure). Further, to explore whether these relationships depend on type of physical activity (PA). Methods: 793 Australian rural-living women self-reported on duration of recreational PA; HRQoL via SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS); and a life satisfaction scale. ANOVAs and ANCOVAs investigated differences in outcomes (MCS, PCS, and life satisfaction) between tertiles of exposure to recreational PA, and types of PA (club sport, gymnasium, walking), with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: A significant positive dose-response relationship was found between PCS and level of PA. Furthermore, this relationship depended on type of PA, with club-sport participants recording higher PCS than non-club-sport participants in all but the highest tertile of exposure. Life satisfaction and MCS were not significantly related to level of PA. Conclusion: Physical health was positively associated with level of recreational PA, with club sport participation contributing greater benefits at low to moderate exposures than participation in gymnasium or walking activities. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Effect of a low-resource-intensive lifestyle modification program incorporating gymnasium-based and home-based resistance training on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Australian adults
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Walsh, Kerry , Harvey, Jack , Livy, Michelle , McKenzie, Kylie , Donaldson, Alex , Atkinson, Meredith , Keogh, Jennifer , Moss, Robert , Dunstan, David , Hubbard, Wendy
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Diabetes Care Vol. 31, no. 12 (Dec 2008), p. 2244-2250
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- Description: OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low-resource-intensive lifestyle modification program incorporating resistance training and to compare a gymnasium-based with a home-based resistance training program on diabetes diagnosis sa us and risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A quasi-experimental two-group study was undertaken with 122 participants with diabetes risk factors; 36.9% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline. The intervention included a 6-week group self-management education program, a gymnasium-based or home-based 12-week resistance training program, and a 34-week maintenance program. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, body composition, physical activity, and diet were assessed at baseline and week 52. RESULTS - Mean 2-h plasma glucose and FPG fell by 0.34 mmol/l (95% CI -0.60 to -0.08) and 0.15 mmol/l (-0.23 to -0.07), respectively. The proportion of participants with IFG or IGT decreased from 36.9 to 23.0% (P = 0.006). Mean weight loss was 4.07 kg (-4.99 to -3.15). The only significant difference between resistance training groups was a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure for the gymnasium-based group (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS - This intervention significantly improved diabetes diagnostic status and reduced diabetes risk to a degree comparable to that of other low-resource-intensive lifestyle modification programs and more intensive interventions applied to individuals with IGT. The effects of home-based and gymnasium-based resistance training did not differ significantly.
- Description: C1
Effect of a nurse back injury prevention intervention on the rate of injury compensation claims
- Authors: Martin, Peter , Harvey, Jack , Culvenor, John , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Safety Research Vol. 40, no. 1 (2009), p. 13-19
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- Description: Problem: This study evaluated the effect of introducing a No Lifting policy on back injuries to nurses, across an entire health care system. Methods: Methods included: analysis of the data for all public health agencies in the Australian state of Victoria; compensation data from the Victorian Workcover Authority; data about workforce and program implementation from a retrospective survey of agencies; longitudinal analysis of standardized workers compensation claim rates for back injuries before, during and after the intervention. Results: A statistically significant decline in back injury claim rates during implementation contrasted with no statistically significant trends within the periods before and after the intervention. A statistically significant reduction occurred in mean quarterly standard back injury claim incidence rates per 1,000 equivalent fulltime nursing staff (EFTNS), representing a 24% reduction in standard back injury claims/1000 EFTNS. Discussion: Ergonomics principles encourage changing the work environment to suit the worker. This approach delivered a significant improvement in the immediate term. Impact of industry: The substantial decline in back injury rates signifies a major improvement in the safety of a critical aspect of the work environment for nurses. © 2009 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd.
Effectiveness of a school-community linked program on physical activity levels and health-related quality of life for adolescent girls
- Authors: Casey, Meghan , Harvey, Jack , Telford, Amanda , Eime, Rochelle , Mooney, Amanda , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Bmc Public Health Vol. 14, no. (2014), p. 1-15
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP0990206
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- Description: Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a school-community program on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL; the primary outcome), physical activity (PA), and potential mediators of PA among adolescent girls living in low-socioeconomic rural/regional settings. Method: The study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Twelve communities with the requisite sports clubs and facilities were paired according to relevant criteria; one of each pair was randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Eight schools per condition were randomly selected from these communities and the intervention was conducted over one school year (2011). Female students in grades 7-9 in intervention schools participated in two 6-session PA units - a sport unit (football or tennis) and a recreational unit (leisure centre-based). These were incorporated into physical education (PE) curriculum and linked to PA opportunities for participation outside school. Students were surveyed at baseline and endpoint, self-reporting impact on primary and secondary outcome measures (HRQoL, PA) and PA mediators (e.g. self-efficacy). Linear mixed models for two-group (intervention, control) and three-group (completers, non-completers, control) analyses were conducted with baseline value, age and BMI as covariates, group as a fixed effect and school as random cluster effect. Results: Participants completing baseline and endpoint measures included: 358 intervention (baseline response rate 33.7%, retention rate 61.3%) and 256 control (14.1% and 84.0%). Adjustment for age and BMI made no substantive difference to outcomes, and there were no cluster effects. For HRQoL, after adjustment for baseline scores, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores on all three PedsQL scores (physical functioning: M +/- SE = 83.9 +/- 0.7, p = .005; psychosocial: 79.9 +/- 0.8, p = .001; total score: 81.3 +/- 0.7, p = .001) than the control group (80.9 +/- 0.8; 76.1 +/- 0.9 and 77.8 +/- 0.8). The three-group analysis found intervention non-completers had significantly higher PedsQL scores (84.0 +/- 0.8, p = .021; 80.4 +/- 0.9, p = .003; 81.7 +/- 0.8, p = .002;) than controls (80.9 +/- 0.8, 76.1 +/- 0.9 and 77.8 +/- 0.8). There were no significant differences for any PA measure. Intervention completers had significantly higher scores than non-completers and controls for some mediator variables (e.g. self-efficacy, behavioural control). Conclusion: Positive outcomes were achieved from a modest school-community linked intervention. The school component contributed to maintaining HRQoL; students who completed the community component derived a range of intra-personal and inter-personal benefits.
Effectiveness of the 2006 Commonwealth Games 10,000 Steps Walking Challenge
- Authors: Harvey, Jack , Eime, Rochelle , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Vol. 41, no. 8 (2009), p. 1673-1680
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- Description: Effectiveness of the 2006 Commonwealth Games 10,000 Steps Walking Challenge. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 41, No. S. pp. 1673-1680, 2009. Introduction: There is little evidence Supporting sustainability of public health interventions based upon the 10,000 steps concept conducted in "real-world" settings. This study investigated the effectiveness of the 10,000 Steps Walking Challenge, initiated in con junction with the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne. Australia, in March 2006. Methods: This study analyzed characteristics of registrants (n = 1836), pedometer counts logged onto a Web site between February 2006 and February 2007 (n = 18,032 entries by 914 participants), and two surveys of participants in June 2006 (n = 128) and December 2006 (n = 62). Results: The program reached its target population of females aged 30-49 yr (40.2% of participants), a group known to have low activity levels, which also has potential to influence the behavior of family, friends, and workmates. Compliance was poor: only 49.8% of registrants ever logged steps, and of these, only 45.5% Continued beyond the period of the challenge and 16.6% for more than 1 month. Mean (9527 +/- 297, 95% confidence interval) and median (9638) recorded steps per day came close to the target of 10,000 steps; 80.1% of participants reached 10,000 steps at least once and 21.9% did so every time they logged steps. For survey respondents who provided complete data (n = 53) the mean estimated daily steps increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 6401 +/- 884 steps before the program to 9921 +/- 1039 steps at the first survey and then fell back significantly (P = 0.026) to 8727 +/- 1284 steps at the second survey but remained significantly higher than the baseline figure (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The program had immediate effectiveness and was Sustainable for a small proportion of participants, but effectiveness was limited by problems with long-term motivation and compliance/adherence.
- Description: 2003008122
Estimating census district populations from satellite imagery : Some approaches and limitations
- Authors: Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Remote Sensing Vol. 23, no. 10 (2002), p. 2071-2095
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Small-area population densities and counts were estimated for Australian census collection districts (CDs), using Landsat TM imagery. A number of mathematical and statistical refinements to previously reported methods were explored. The robustness of these techniques as a practical methodology for population estimation was investigated and evaluated using a primary image for model development and training, and a second image for validation. Correlations of up to 0.92 in the training set and up to 0.86 in the validation set were obtained between census and remote sensing estimates of CD population density, with median proportional errors of 17.4% and 18.4%, respectively. Total urban populations were estimated with errors of + 1% and - 3%, respectively. These results indicate a moderate level of accuracy and a substantial degree of robustness. Accuracy was greatest in suburban areas of intermediate population density. There was a general tendency towards attenuation in all models tested, with high densities being under-estimated and low densities being over-estimated. It is concluded that the level of accuracy obtainable with this methodology is limited by heterogeneity within the individual CDs, particularly large rural CDs, and that further improvements are in principle unlikely using the aggregated approach. An alternative statistical approach is foreshadowed.
- Description: 2003000104
Estimation of population using satellite imagery
- Authors: Harvey, Jack
- Date: 1999
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: The basic aims of this research were twofold; to extend and refine statistical image analysis methodologies for directly estimating small area populations and population densities from Landsat TM images and to validate procedures developed and to explore their robustness to geographical and seasonal differences within Australia, and hence to explore the potential of this methodology to provide a genuine operational alternative to existing methods of population estimation."
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy