An interaction framework for scenario-based three dimensional environments
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at IE 2006, the 3rd Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Perth : 4th December, 2006
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- Description: Although popular and engaging, three dimensional environments are rarely deployed to depict strong narratives involving complex characters engaged in reasoning. The design of three dimensional environments rich in narrative and character depth can be facilitated with a detailed representation of interactions between characters. However, the representation of interaction in current 3D development environments such as game engines is quite basic. This work advances a scheme for representing interactions that integrates a representation of semantics from linguistics called FrameNet with conceptualizations of drama and narrative by Georges Polti and Joseph Campbell. The resulting interaction frame facilitates the design of 3D environments by providing designers rich, yet standard elements that include spatial and temporal data, with which to represent complex interactions in 3D environments. This has application for the authoring of dynamically generated interactive narrative environments.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001839
Knowledge based regulation of statistical databases
- Authors: Mishra, Vivek , Stranieri, Andrew , Miller, Mirka , Ryan, Joe
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications Vol. 3, no. 2 (2006), p. 239-244
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- Description: A statistical database system is a system that contains information about individuals, companies or organisations that enables authorized users to retrieve aggregate statistics such as mean and count. The regulation of a statistical database involves limiting the use of the database so that no sequence of queries is sufficient to infer protected information about an individual. The database is said to be compromised when individual confidential information is obtained as a result of a statistical query. Devices to protect against compromise include adding noise to the data or restricting a query. While effective, these techniques are sometimes too strong in that legitimate compromises for reasons of public safety are always blocked. Further, a statistical database can be often be compromised with some knowledge about the database attributes (working knowledge), the real world (supplementary knowledge) or the legal system (legal knowledge). In this paper we illustrate that a knowledge based system that represents working, supplementary and legal knowledge can contribute to the regulation of a statistical database.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001608
Supporting the design OHS process: a knowledge-based system for risk management
- Authors: Lingard, Helen , Stranieri, Andrew , Blismas, Nick
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Clients driving construction innovation: moving ideas into practice p.
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The generic/actual argument model of practical reasoning
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Decision Support Systems Vol. 41, no. 2 (2006), p. 358-379
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- Description: In this paper, we present a model of reasoning called the generic/actual argument model (GAAM). Reasoning within a discursive community can be represented with this model so that participant claims can be accommodated without recourse to combative metaphors such as attack or defeat. The model facilitates the comprehension of complex reasoning for humans as well as being a computational representation for machine modelling of reasoning. As such, the model naturally integrates machine inferences with human. The model has been the basis for the development of practical systems to support reasoning and deliberation in areas of law and organizational decision making. Here, we present a formal description of the model and identify some of its characteristics. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001594
Classification for accuracy and insight : A weighted sum approach
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Sixth Australasian Data Mining Conference, AusDM 2007, Gold Coast, Queensland, Victoria : 3rd-4th December 2007 p. 203-208
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- Description: This research presents a classifier that aims to provide insight into a dataset in addition to achieving classification accuracies comparable to other algorithms. The classifier called, Automated Weighted Sum (AWSum) uses a weighted sum approach where feature values are assigned weights that are summed and compared to a threshold in order to classify an example. Though naive, this approach is scalable, achieves accurate classifications on standard datasets and also provides a degree of insight. By insight we mean that the technique provides an appreciation of the influence a feature value has on class values, relative to each other. AWSum provides a focus on the feature value space that allows the technique to identify feature values and combinations of feature values that are sensitive and important for a classification. This is particularly useful in fields such as medicine where this sort of micro-focus and understanding is critical in classification.
- Description: 2003005504
Dramatic flow in interactive 3D narrative
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Fourth Australiasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, IE2007, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria : 3rd-5th December 2007
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- Description: The concept of dramatic level is crucial for a model of dramatic flow. We present a framework to maintain optimal dramatic flow in an interactive 3D environment where both linear and emergent narratives co-exist. Unlike all other interactive narrative prototypes the framework advanced focuses on the optimal dramatic flow of the emerging user narrative so that although fragmented, it can be engaging and make sense. Using a sample narrative from Ovid’s Metamorphoses [18] we demonstrate a method to evaluate dramatic levels as plot points so that movement across narratives retains a strong dramatic flow. Although users may never choose to explore any given linear narrative in its entirety, the result is an engaging and rich narrative experience.
- Description: 2003004706
Narrative-based interactive learning environments from modelling reasoning
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Educational Technology and Society Vol. 10, no. 3 (2007), p. 192-208
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- Description: Narrative and story telling has a long history of use in structuring, organising and communicating human experience. This paper describes a narrative based interactive intelligent learning environment which aims to elucidate practical reasoning using interactive emergent narratives that can be used in training novices in decision making. Its design is based on an approach to generating narrative from knowledge that has been modelled in specific decision/reasoning domains. The approach uses a narrative model that is guided partially by inference and contextual information contained in the particular knowledge representation used, the Generic/Actual argument model of structured reasoning. The approach is described with examples in the area of critical care nursing training and positive learning outcomes are reported. © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS).
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002522
A study of the use of structured reasoning frameworks for improving students' reasoning quality
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Learning and Teaching: an international journal in classroom pedagogy Vol. 1, no. 1 (2008), p. 71-90
- Full Text: false
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- Description: C1
- Description: 2003006498
A web-based Narrative construction environment
- Authors: Yearwood, John , Stranieri, Andrew , Osman, Deanna
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at NILE 2008: 5th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, Edinburgh, Scotland : 6th-8th August 2008 p. 78-81
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- Description: This paper describes a web-based environment for constructing narrative from story snippets contributed by a community of interest. The underlying model uses an argument based structure to infer the next event in the narrative sequence. The approach makes use of both events and higher level story elements derived from Polti’s dramatic situations. Dramatic situations used are consistent with a theme, and events are generally constrained by the dramatic situation. The narrative generated is a function of the event history, the dramatic situations chosen and the plausible inferences about next events that are contributed by a community of interest in the theme. At this stage, a player’s actions are simulated using a random selection from a set and the implementation of a nonsense filter. Example outputs from the system are provided and discussed.
- Description: 2003006499
An argument structure abstraction for Bayesian belief networks: Just outcomes in on-line dispute resolution
- Authors: Muecke, Nial , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
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- Description: There are many different approaches for settling disputes on-line, such as simple email systems, fixed bid systems and intelligent systems. However, to date there have been no attempts to integrate decision support methods into the dispute resolution process for the purpose of supporting outcomes that are consistent with judicial reasoning. This paper describes how a model of judicial reasoning can be used to assist divorcees with the resolution of property issues online, in a manner that is consistent with decisions a judge would make if the matter was heard in Court. The approach uses an argument based model of the discretionary nature of decisions made by judges in Australian Family Law. This is integrated with a protocol for online dispute dialogue. Predictions of the likelihood of alternates outcomes is achieved with a series of Bayesian Belief Networks
An intelligent learning environment for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and students
- Authors: Jia, Long , Stranieri, Andrew , Shen, J
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at HIC 2008 Australia's Health Informatics Conference; The Person in the Centre, Brunswick East, Victoria : 31st August - 2nd September 2008
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- Description: Objectives: This study aims to support the training of Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners by embedding an expert diagnostic model for arthritis into an Intelligent Interactive Learning Environment (IILE). Background: The increasing prevalence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) outside China is characterised by the emergence of university level practitioner training and stringent regulatory requirements. TCM differential diagnosis is a difficult task that was traditionally taught by exposure to large numbers of patients in a master-apprentice context. In university degree programs, students and novice diagnosticians cannot have the exposure to cases possible in the traditional context. An online system that engages students in the interactive construction of a virtual case and provides immediate feedback on the appropriateness of student actions and the accuracy of diagnostic conclusions can enhance student learning. The system, an Intelligent Interactive Learning Environment (IILE) is based on an approach that has been shown to improve learning outcomes in intensive care nurse training. Methods: An expert model of diagnostic reasoning elicited from TCM expert practitioners lies at the core of the IILE. The knowledge acquisition is performed using an argumentation tree representation that has been shown to be effective in structuring complex knowledge and facilitating engineer - expert interactions. Problems associated with keeping knowledge bases up to date are mitigated with the use of a knowledge model known as ripple down rules permits dynamic updating of knowledge so that knowledge bases evolve over time. A simple narrative model builds up the virtual case study as user interaction proceeds. Results and discussion: This article reports preliminary results in the study that includes an overview of TCM differential diagnosis, the argument tree, the ripple down rule representation and the narrative based IILE. Segments of the knowledge model based solely on TCM literature are illustrated.
- Description: 2003006755
AWSum - applying data mining in a health care scenario
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Jelinek, Herbert , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP 2008, Sydney, New South Wales : 15th-18th December 2008 p. 291-296
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- Description: This paper investigates the application of a new data mining algorithm called Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), to diabetes screening data to explore its use in providing researchers with new insight into the disease and secondarily to explore the potential the algorithm has for the generation of prognostic models for clinical use. There are many data mining classifiers that produce high levels of predictive accuracy but their application to health research and clinical applications is limited because they are complex, produce results that are difficult to interpret and are difficult to integrate with current knowledge and practises. This is because most focus on accuracy at the expense of informing the user as to the influences that lead to their classification results. By providing this information on influences a researcher can be pointed to new potentially interesting avenues for investigation. AWSum measures influence by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on a class value relative to other class values. The results produced, although on limited data, indicated the approach has potential uses for research and has some characteristics that may be useful in the future development of prognostic models.
- Description: 2003006660
AWSum - Data mining for insight
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Hafen, Gaudenz
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) Vol. 5139 LNAI, no. (8 October 2008 through 10 October 2008 2008), p. 524-531
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- Description: Many classifiers achieve high levels of accuracy but have limited use in real world problems because they provide little insight into data sets, are difficult to interpret and require expertise to use. In areas such as health informatics not only do analysts require accurate classifications but they also want some insight into the influences on the classification. This can then be used to direct research and formulate interventions. This research investigates the practical applications of Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), a classifier that gives accuracy comparable to other techniques whist providing insight into the data. AWSum achieves this by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on the class value. The merits of AWSum in classification and insight are tested on a Cystic Fibrosis dataset with positive results. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Description: 2003006692
AWSum -Combining classification with knowledge acquisition
- Authors: Quinn, Anthony , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Hafen, Gaudenz , Jelinek, Herbert
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Software and Informatics Vol. 2, no. 2 (2008), p. 199-214
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Many classifiers achieve high levels of accuracy but have limited applicability in real world situations because they do not lead to a greater understanding or insight into the way features influence the classification. In areas such as health informatics a classifier that clearly identifies the influences on classification can be used to direct research and formulate interventions. This research investigates the practical aplications of Automated Weighted Sum, (AWSum), a classifier that provides accuracy comparable to other techniques whist providing insight into the data. This is achieved by calculating a weight for each feature value that represents its influence on the class value. The merits of this approach in classification and insight are evaluated on a Cystic Fibrosis and diabetes datasets with positive results.
Dramatic level analysis for interactive narrative
- Authors: Macfadyen, Alyx , Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at NILE 2008: 5th International Conference on Narrative and Interactive Learning Environments, Edinburgh, Scotland : 6th-8th August 2008 p. 17-22
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- Description: In interactive 3D narratives, a user’s narrative emerges through interactions with the system and embodied agencies (characters) mediated through the 3D environment. We present a methodology that identifies and measures four factors in interactive narrative where agency is present. We describe a technique for measuring drama, agency and engagement and compare the centrality of a designed interactive narrative with the emergent participatory narrative. This methodology has application as an analytic device for any interactive narrative where agency is fundamental. The adoption of the FrameNet semantic resource and the interpretation of interaction in narrative, situate this work in the domain of 3D interactive narratives, mixed and augmented realities and polymorphic narratives that cross forms of media.
- Description: 2003006540
Enhancing learning outcomes with an interactive knowledge-based learning environment providing narrative feedback
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Interactive Learning Environments Vol. 16, no. 3 (2008), p. 265-281
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This paper describes a narrative-based interactive learning environment which aims to elucidate reasoning using interactive scenarios that may be used in training novices in decision-making. Its design is based on an approach to generating narrative from knowledge that has been modelled in specific decision/reasoning domains. The approach uses a narrative model that is guided partially by inference and contextual information contained in the particular knowledge representation used, the generic/actual argument model of structured reasoning. The approach is described with examples in the area of critical care nursing training. A study of the effectiveness of this approach on learning outcomes was conducted with final year nursing students and provides evidence of improved learning outcomes.
- Description: C1
Explicit representations of reasoning to support deliberation within groups
- Authors: Stranieri, Andrew , Yearwood, John , Mays, Heather
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text: false
- Description: In practice, the reasoning that underpins problem solving and decision making is rarely performed by an individual in isolation from others but involves a communicative exchanges between participants in a community that can range in size from two to many thousands. Dialogue theories describe patterns in dialogues comprising many dialectical exchanges and often advance deliberation, the kind of dialogue that ensues when participants actively seek to understand all views and collectively arrive at the rationally optimal solution. This study reports on the use of argument maps for structuring reasoning by groups of secondary students. The study aimed to discover whether different maps facilitate deliberation and enhance understanding of the issues by providing an explicit representation of reasoning. An explicit representation of reasoning is a model that encapsulates all relevant claims, evidence, statutes and principles pertinent to an issue. Schemes that have been used to provide explicit representations of reasoning include the Issue Based Information System (IBIS) map, variants of the Toulmin argument structure (TAS) and other knowledge representation schemes used for intelligent computational systems. Results indicate that an explicit representation of reasoning facilitates a depth of understanding of complex issues and there is some indication that the deliberative quality of discussions is enhanced depending on the level of abstraction of the map. Copyright © 2008 COSI.
- Description: 2003006482
Re-consider : The integration of online dispute resolution and decision support systems
- Authors: Muecke, Nial , Stranieri, Andrew , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 5th International Workshop on Online Dispute Resolution, in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2008), Firenze, Italy : 13th December 2008
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- Description: Current approaches for the design of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) systems involve the replication of Alternative Dispute Resolution practices such as mediation and negotiation. Though such systems have been found to be popular, there are concerns that these systems fail to take into account judicial practices. In this paper a system that supports disputants' decisions making when engaged in an online dispute is advanced. The system, Re-Consider, is an Australia Family Law ODR system, that is based on judicial reasoning modelled with Bayesian belief networks and provides disputants with decision support in the dispute. It is believed that this approach provides disputants with an online resolution process that will help them to reach outcomes that take judicial practices into account and presents a step toward more deliberative form of online dispute resolution.
- Description: 2003006782
Scalable continuous query architecture for eCommerce and legal disputes
- Authors: Saeed, Ather , Stranieri, Andrew , Dazeley, Richard , Ma, Liping
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Communications of SIWN Vol. 3, no. (2008), p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Continuous Queries (CQ) are persistent, content sensitive and time dependent. Once the CQ is installed it will continuously poll the data sources and monitor updates of interest. This paper discusses major problems and issues with the existing CQ techniques for monitoring updates of interest on the web. A new Continuous Query based architecture is proposed to deal with the context sensitive problems of negotiation, mediation and arbitration to resolve Ecommerce and legal disputes. A business process model is given to automate mediation and arbitration processes in ODR (Online dispute resolution) to resolve disputes efficiently and in a timely manner. In the proposed CQ-Mediator architecture partial page update and web services are integrated for efficient monitoring and notification of updates to the disputants, mediators and arbitrators. Performance results of the proposed architecture and business process model for CQ-based ODR is also discussed in the experiment section.
- Description: 2003006852
ToolSHeD The development and evaluation of a decision support tool for health and safety in construction design
- Authors: Cooke, Tracy , Lingard, Helen , Blismas, Nick , Stranieri, Andrew
- Date: 2008
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Engineering Construction & Architectural Management Vol. 15, no. 4 (2008), p. 336-351
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe an innovative information and decision support tool (ToolSHeD™) developed to help construction designers to integrate the management of OHS risk into the design process. The underlying structure of the prototype web-based system and the process of knowledge acquisition and modelling are described. Design/methodology/approach - The ToolSHeD™ research and development project involved the capture of expert reasoning regarding design impacts upon occupational health and safety (OHS) risk. This knowledge was structured using an innovative method well-suited to modelling knowledge in the context of uncertainty and discretionary decision-making. Example "argument trees" are presented, representing the reasoning used by a panel of experts to assess the risk of falling from height during roof maintenance work, The advantage of using this method for modelling OHS knowledge, compared to the use of simplistic rules, is discussed Findings - The ToolSHeD™ prototype'development and testing reveals that argument trees can represent design safety risk knowledge effectively. Practical implications - The translation of argument trees into a web-based decision support tool is described and the potential impact of this tool in providing construction designers (architects and engineers) with easy and inexpensive access to expert OHS knowledge is discussed. Originality/value - The paper describes a new computer application, currently undergoing testing in the Australian building and construction industry. Its originality lies in the fact that ToolSHeD™ deploys argument trees to represent expert OHS reasoning, overcoming inherent limitations in rule-based expert systems.
- Description: 2003006485