Young people as powerful learners
- Authors: McGraw, Amanda
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Jousting for the new generation: Challenges to contemporary schooling Chapter p. 24-27
- Full Text: false
- Description: 2003005609
Young people speaking back from the margins
- Authors: Smyth, John
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Education Canada Vol. 50, no. 5 (2010), p.
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP100100045
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- Description: The young people the author has worked with are predominantly from backgrounds where they, their families, and their communities have been put at a disadvantage through the effects of social, economic, and political forces and by the flow-on effects of globalization that have effectively devastated their communities and lives. He wants to explore what is happening when young people from contexts of disadvantage adopt a position of making choices against the institution of schooling that appear to be against their own long term economic interests and that may have the effect of further exacerbating their apparent marginalization. These young people -- who are ignored, silenced, and marginalized, whose lives are ridden over, and who either self-exile themselves from schools or are propelled out of them -- are the same young people who have some extremely perceptive views on the very different conditions that can and need to be created for them to learn.
Young people speaking back from the margins
- Authors: Smyth, John
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Youth, education, and marginality : Local and global expressions (SickKids community and mental health series) Chapter 2 p. 43-58
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The line I want to take in this chapter is that the way we position young people has a profound bearing on how we deal with them, both in terms of policy and practicality. In taking this line, I want to draw upon some of the issues that have emerged from my own research with young people in Australia over the past two decades or so. The young people I have worked with are predominantly from backgrounds where they, their families, and their communities have been put at a disadvantage through the effects of social, economic, and political forces and by the flow-on effects of globalization that have effectively devastated their communities and lives. Their diminished educational opportunities and subsequent life chances have been dramatic, even to the point of being catastrophic. Having said that, these young people are not hapless victims nor are they passive recipients of deficit categories such as 'at-riskness,' which are placed upon them by the media, politicians, agencies, and some academics. Rather they are active agents exercising choices and making decisions about their lives in situations that amount to 'speaking back.'
Young people transitioning from Out-of-home Care and Access to Higher Education: A Critical review of the literature
- Authors: Mendes, Philip , Michell, Dee , Wilson, Jacqueline
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Children Australia Vol. 39, no. 4 (2014), p. 243-252
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- Description: Young people transitioning from out-of-home care are known to have poor educational outcomes compared to their non-care peers. Yet little is known about the experiences or needs of the small numbers of Australian care leavers who enter higher education. This article critically examines existing Australian and international research on the access of care leavers to higher education. A group of pre-care, in-care, transition from care and post-care factors are identified as either hindering or assisting care leavers to maximise their educational opportunities. Some specific policy and practice reforms are recommended to enhance opportunities for Australian care leavers to participate in and complete higher education.
Young people, child pornography, and subcultural norms on the Internet
- Authors: Prichard, Jeremy , Spiranovic, Caroline , Watters, Paul , Lueg, Christopher
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Vol. 64, no. 5 (2013), p. 992-1000
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Literature to date has treated as distinct two issues (a) the influence of pornography on young people and (b) the growth of Internet child pornography, also called child exploitation material (CEM). This article discusses how young people might interact with, and be affected by, CEM. The article first considers the effect of CEM on young victims abused to generate the material. It then explains the paucity of data regarding the prevalence with which young people view CEM online, inadvertently or deliberately. New analyses are presented from a 2010 study of search terms entered on an internationally popular peer-to-peer website, isoHunt. Over 91 days, 162 persistent search terms were recorded. Most of these related to file sharing of popular movies, music, and so forth. Thirty-six search terms were categorized as specific to a youth market and perhaps a child market. Additionally, 4 deviant, and persistent search terms were found, 3 relating to CEM and the fourth to bestiality. The article discusses whether the existence of CEM on a mainstream website, combined with online subcultural influences, may normalize the material for some youth and increase the risk of onset (first deliberate viewing). Among other things, the article proposes that future research examines the relationship between onset and sex offending by youth. © 2013 ASIS&T.
- Description: 2003011027
Young peoples' use of self-handicapping when faced with evaluative threat on a physical skill test
- Authors: Cooley, Dean
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Hawaii International Conference on Education, 5th-8th January 2012, Honolulu, Hawaii p. 1293-1320
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Self-handicapping refers to the process whereby people engage in self-defeating behaviours to proactively obfuscate the link between actor and outcome. Evaluative threat from either non-contingent success or failure is proposed to elicit episodes of self-handicapping. Furthermore each evaluative threat condition is associated with a specific form of self-handicap (effort withdrawal & self-reports of disruption to performance, respectively). This experiment used a stratified random sample of young people aged between 10 and 16 (N= 250), to explore differences in young peoples' use of different self-handicaps in response to different evaluative threats associated with a test of athletic skill. The study used an AXB design, with participants' exposed to a two test scenario with the opportunity to self-handicap after receiving bogus performance scores on the first test. Results showed there were significant differences between type of self-handicap and evaluative threat condition. After being exposed to one of three evaluative conditions (non-contingent success, non-contingent failure, & non-evaluative) after the first test, only young people aged over 13 who were exposed to non-contingent failure, reported experiencing significantly more performance impediments such as illness and sports injuries than participants in either the non-contingent success or non-evaluative conditions. Participants in the non-contingent failure condition reported that the impediments would have a significantly greater debilitative effect on their second test performance than participants in either the non-contingent success or non-evaluative conditions. This same pattern of results was not evident for the use of effort withdrawal as a self-handicap in any evaluative condition. The implications of these findings on how teachers and coaches use performance feedback are discussed.
Young people’s decision-making as they leave school in non-metropolitan areas in Australia : insights from those working with young people
- Authors: Smith, Erica , Foley, Annette
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: SCUTREA (Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults) Adult Education 100: Reflections & Reconstructions, University of Nottingham, U.K., 2-4 July 2019 p. 107-114
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Young surfers finding their wave: telling the tale of enskilment in surf places
- Authors: Prins, Alex , Wattchow, Brian
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Leisure Studies Vol. 42, no. 2 (2023), p. 268-281
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- Description: This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature focused on the recreational activity of surfing. Investigations into how young people learn to surf are rare, particularly those that focus on the pedagogical aspects involved in learning the practical ‘know-how’ required to surf in particular places and under specific environmental conditions (tide, wind, swell, currents, terrain). How do young people learn where and when a break will be worth a surf? When to duck dive under a broken wave or when to paddle further out? Recent research suggests that a process of enskilment, a form of knowledgeable practice, may provide pedagogical insights into how young people are developing the practical know-how to be able to surf skilfully and safely in particular places. This research used narrative methodology as an alternative way to investigate and represent these complex (and often tacit) aspects of a human learning experience, and findings are presented in the form of a set of short stories. This paper draws from that research to provide important insights into the phenomenon of how young people learn to surf with the intention of improving formal coastal experiences such as those in the leisure and education fields. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Young women living in Iran : gendered drivers influencing social participation and wellbeing
- Authors: Salehi, Asiyeh , Whitehead, Dean , Sebar, Bernadette , upadhyay, Ravi , Coyne, Elisabeth , Harris, Neil
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Gender Studies Vol. 30, no. 4 (2021), p. 478-495
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper investigates the social participation and wellbeing outcomes of young Iranian women, using a concurrent mixed method. Findings demonstrated relatively low levels of structural and functional social support as well as low level of social participation at the community level, particularly local and national group participation compared with casual/informal group participation. The individuals who socialized more with friends, relatives, colleagues, neighbours, as well as those with higher civic participation, were more likely to report higher wellbeing, as measured through satisfaction with life, quality of life and healthier lifestyle behaviours. The most common themes regarding barriers to social participation included: lack of time, money, cultural and societal barriers such as low socialization/leisure opportunities/infrastructure in the neighbourhood, lack of community/civic groups, lack of the culture of volunteering/volunteer jobs and low level of trust in society. This study suggests that women are further united and focus on their internal power through challenging gender bias and creating a culture of transformational change; which, in turn, lends itself to positive well-being outcomes. Furthermore, studies are required among Iranian men, how they can advocate for women’s rights and reconstruction of the gendered systems for the interest of both genders. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Young's Creek Dam [picture].
- Date: 1917
- Type: Still Image
- Full Text: false
- Description: The wall of the dam is being constructed. Orbost Waterworks Trust was founded in 1917.
- Description: Item held by Gippsland and Regional Studies Collection, Federation University Australia.
- Description: Record generated from title list.
- Description: Orbost progresses - POT 49
- Description: 13-May-92
Young's Ironmongery and Furnishing Warehouse [picture].
- Authors: Gleeson, Cornelius.
- Type: Still Image
- Full Text: false
- Description: Several men are standing outside Henry James Young's store and timber yard in George Street, Heyfield.
- Description: Item held by Gippsland and Regional Studies Collection, Federation University Australia.
- Description: Record generated from title list.
- Description: 18-Jun-91
Young, gay and suicidal : Who cares?
- Authors: Molloy, Mari , McLaren, Suzanne , McLachlan, Angus
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Psychology Vol. 55, no. (2003), p. 198
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Young, gay and suicidal : who cares? : the attitudes of Australian heterosexual and homosexual men and women towards the suicide of gay male and lesbian adolescents
- Authors: Molloy, Mari
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: "The present study sought to examine the attitudes of heterosexual and homosexual men and women towards gay male and lesbian adolescent suicide."
- Description: Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
Your stories, my stories, our stories : Power/knowledge relations and Koorie perspectives in discourses of Australian History Education
- Authors: Weuffen, Sara
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Over the past decade, popularised notions and approaches to the teaching and learning of Australia’s history have been overwhelmingly researched and written by non-Indigenous academics. This research challenges dominant non-Indigenous curriculum and research agendas by exploring how, why, and to what degree Koorie, and by extension Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives, are taken up for the development and implementation of school-based curriculum aligned to the Year Nine Australian Curriculum: History. The research is guided by Michel Foucault’s poststructural theory to examine a range of discourses identified by year nine history teachers and three Koorie Elders in Ballarat and Greater Shepparton. It is supplemented through Martin Nakata’s ground breaking work on Indigenous Standpoint Theory to acknowledge and highlight the cross-cultural/racial power/knowledge relations of peoples who are involved in the research. It is a timely response to the 2013 mandatory implementation of the Australian Curriculum: History in Victorian state schools. The research builds upon academic research (see Clark, 2006; Harrison & Greenfield, 2011; Mackinlay & Barney, 2011; 2014b) about how teachers may engage critically with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander specific content. It contributes significantly to a field of research that has not received much attention over the past eleven years. The research is a striking contribution to understandings of Australian cross-cultural/racial research and education practices. It argues that teachers are not necessarily insensitive to cross-cultural/racial relations operating in Australia; rather, that more rigorous and comprehensive teacher education programs are required for the integration of Koorie perspectives on Australian history. The research clearly demonstrates that stories from local Koorie communities offers up a wealth of knowledge that may be drawn upon to reform curriculum agendas towards shared-history understandings of Australia’s history. Ultimately, it advocates for a more nuanced and mature conversation about contemporary cross-cultural/racial education practices in Australia.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
Youth homelessness and individualised subjectivity
- Authors: Farrugia, David
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Youth Studies Vol. 14, no. 7 (2011), p. 761-775
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article aims to contribute to understandings of youth homelessness and subjectivity by analysing identity construction in terms of young people’s negotiation of the structural and institutional environment of youth homelessness. I suggest that while existing literature on this topic concentrates mainly on micro-social encounters, the identities of young people experiencing homelessness can be understood as constructed by structural processes described by Ulrich Beck’s individualisation thesis. Narratives from 20 Australian young people are analysed for how their identities are constructed in their contact with the institutions which govern youth homelessness, and the way these young people make sense of the structural conditions they are facing. Two narrative trajectories are identified. In narratives describing movement into homelessness, young people articulate feelings of failure and shame, consequences of their individualised understanding of their biography. In narratives describing movement out of homelessness into a home, young people articulate feelings of strength and pride, while also describing those who remain homeless in ways which reflect the status of homelessness as a stigmatised difference. This article concludes by discussing the way that structural, institutional and subjective processes interact to produce the identities of young people experiencing homelessness, and reflects on the utility of understanding youth homelessness as a form of individualised social inequality.
Youth, homelessness, and embodiment: Moralised aesthetics and affective suffering
- Authors: Farrugia, David
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: TASA 2010
- Full Text:
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- Description: This paper explores the process of embodiment for young people experiencing homelessness. Drawing on interviews with 20 young people, I relate descriptions of embodied feelings and practices to the moral and aesthetic regulatory norms which construct bodies in contemporary modern societies. Young people experiencing homelessness are excluded from the private sphere, meaning they are unable to practice the reflexive body practices required of modern subjects. These young people also lack access to consumer goods, meaning they are unable to construct the forms of aesthetic embodiment expected of young people in a consumer society. The outcome of these exclusions is a form of embodied suffering. Drawing on Massumi‟s concept of affect, I describe the means by which power relations come to constitute embodied feelings, and analyse the emergence of reflexive body practices by young people negotiating the move from homelessness into home. This paper therefore traces the means by which structural inequality is embodied and results in affective suffering for the disadvantaged.
- Description: E1
Zahidah: Paintings by UAE-based Syrian artist Zahidah Zeytoun Millie
- Authors: Forbes, Rodney
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Visual art work
- Full Text: false
Zanamivir-resistant influenza viruses with Q136K or Q136R neuraminidase residue mutations can arise during MDCK cell culture creating challenges for antiviral susceptibility monitoring
- Authors: Little, Karen , Leang, Sookkwan , Butler, Jeff , Baas, Chantal , Harrower, Bruce , Mosse, Jennifer , Barr, Ian , Hurt, Aeron
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Eurosurveillance Vol. 20, no. 45 (2015), p.
- Full Text:
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- Description: Surveillance of circulating influenza strains for antiviral susceptibility is important to ensure patient treatment guidelines remain appropriate. Influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolates containing mutations at the Q136 residue of the neuraminidase (NA) that conferred reduced susceptibility to the NA inhibitor (NAI) zanamivir were detected during antiviral susceptibility monitoring. Interestingly, the mutations were not detectable in the viruses from respective clinical specimens, only in the cultured isolates. We showed that variant viruses containing the Q136K and Q136R NA mutations were preferentially selected in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial (MDCK) cells, but were less well supported in MDCK-SIAT1 cells and embryonated eggs. The effect of Q136K, Q136R, Q136H and Q136L substitutions in NA subtypes N1 and N2 on NAI susceptibility and in vitro viral fitness was assessed. This study highlights the challenges that cell culture derived mutations can pose to the NAI susceptibility analysis and interpretation and reaffirms the need to sequence viruses from respective clinical specimens to avoid misdiagnosis. However, we also demonstrate that NA mutations at residue136 can confer reduced zanamivir, peramivir or laninamivir susceptibility, and therefore close monitoring of viruses for mutations at this site from patients being treated with these antivirals is important.
Zero duality gap conditions via abstract convexity
- Authors: Bui, Hoa , Burachik, Regina , Kruger, Alexander , Yost, David
- Date: 2022
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Optimization Vol. 71, no. 4 (2022), p. 811-847
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP160100854
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Using tools provided by the theory of abstract convexity, we extend conditions for zero duality gap to the context of non-convex and nonsmooth optimization. Mimicking the classical setting, an abstract convex function is the upper envelope of a family of abstract affine functions (being conventional vertical translations of the abstract linear functions). We establish new conditions for zero duality gap under no topological assumptions on the space of abstract linear functions. In particular, we prove that the zero duality gap property can be fully characterized in terms of an inclusion involving (abstract) (Formula presented.) -subdifferentials. This result is new even for the classical convex setting. Endowing the space of abstract linear functions with the topology of pointwise convergence, we extend several fundamental facts of functional/convex analysis. This includes (i) the classical Banach–Alaoglu–Bourbaki theorem (ii) the subdifferential sum rule, and (iii) a constraint qualification for zero duality gap which extends a fact established by Borwein, Burachik and Yao (2014) for the conventional convex case. As an application, we show with a specific example how our results can be exploited to show zero duality for a family of non-convex, non-differentiable problems. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
ZERO++ : Harnessing the power of zero appearances to detect anomalies in large-scale data sets
- Authors: Pang, Guansong , Ting, Kaiming , Albrecht, David , Jin, Huidong
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research Vol. 57, no. (2016), p. 593-620
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper introduces a new unsupervised anomaly detector called ZERO++ which employs the number of zero appearances in subspaces to detect anomalies in categorical data. It is unique in that it works in regions of subspaces that are not occupied by data; whereas existing methods work in regions occupied by data. ZERO++ examines only a small number of low dimensional subspaces to successfully identify anomalies. Unlike existing frequency-based algorithms, ZERO++ does not involve subspace pattern searching. We show that ZERO++ is better than or comparable with the state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods over a wide range of real-world categorical and numeric data sets; and it is efficient with linear time complexity and constant space complexity which make it a suitable candidate for large-scale data sets.